Skip to main content

Full text of "Furman-kazah-main"

See other formats 


«MHP, nPQrPECC, nPABAHEJIQBEKA» 

Ibfoiwmnim My3ea h o6mecrBeHHoro upinpa 
HMieiffl Amtpea CaxapoBa 



BbinycK6 





OBUlECTBfl H rOCyflflPCTBfl 



PeaaKTop - cocTaBHTejib /J.E.OypiwaH 



, Ksqs ■ 

MocKBa 
«H3aaTeJibCTBo I1PABA HEJ10BEKA» 

2004 



° t&G>1 OH 5U£> 



BBK8.1 
K14 



OTBeTCTBeHHblH penaKTOp-cocTaBmejib - 
JIOKTOp HCTOpHMecKHX HayK npoipeccop JI.E . 0ypjnan 

Khhi£ HanHcaHa h ony6jiHKOBaHa no 3aica3y h Ha cpencTBa 

OoHjia AHflpen CaxapOBa (CIIIA) 

h ero npe3MiieHTa r-Ha 3flBapaa KnsHHa 



K 14 Ka3axcTaH h Pocchh: o6mecTBQ h rocynapcTBO. — 

M.: «FIpaBa qejioBeKa» s 2004. -522 c, 

flaHHan KHHra - c6ophhk ctaTeft affropoB m Pocchh, Ka3axcraHa 
h flpymx crpaH. B Heft paccMaTpHBaiOTCH BOnpocH nocrcoBeTCKoro 
pa3BHTMA Ka3axcTaHa, aHanH3HpyiOTcn npnHHHbi cxoacTBa h paarm- 
khh ero 3bo^kjuhh c SBcmfOimeH nocTCOBercKofi Pocchh. KHHra 
npenHa3Ha<jeHa KaK auji cneunajincTOB, Tax h ann uiHpoKoro Kpyra 

BBK8.1 

OTBeTCTBeHHtie 3a BbinycK M. 3aiiu,ee 
Koppeicrop M.Kpmicoea 

Hfl No 021 84 or 30.06.2000. nonriHcaHo b neqaTb 15.12.2004. 
(DopMaT 60x90 1/16. EyMaraochceTHaji. rapHHxypa hmotoh. 
ne^atb 0(J)ceTHaa. Twpasc 1000 3K3. 3aKa3 N° 1541 

kfoflarejibCTBo «npaBa HejioBeica», 

1 19992, MocKBa, 3y6oBCKHH SyjibBap, 17 

Be6-caftT: www.hrpublishers.org 

OaopHKa ocJjccthoh nenaTH, r. 06hmhck, yji. KopojieBa, 6 
ISBN 5-7712-0316-5 



© <t>OHA Aaapea CaxapoBa (C1JQA), 20Q4^ 
©CoCTaBJieHHe,^.E. tt>ypMaH, 2004' " 



■•-■a?.'-*.-?.-- . ' 



flMMTpMM (DypiuiaH 

nOCTCOBETCKMM nOJlMTMHECKUM PEHMM 
KA3AXCTAHA 



1 

U,ejib HacroaiueH CTaTbH - nOKa3axb JiorHKy pa3BHxwa h 4>yHKUHOHHpo- 
BaHHa nojiHTHiecKOro pexHMa nocTcoBeTCKoro KamcTaHa. npn stom a 6y- 
ay crapaTbca cpaBHHBaTb Ka3axcTaHCKHii pexHM c pocchhckhm. 

dapTOBbie yorcoBna nocxcoBeTCKoro pa3BHTHJi bo Bcex pecny6jiHKax 
6biBmero CCCP 6mjih oneHb cxo>kh, a (popManbHaa HHCTHTyuHOHajibHaa 
CTpyKTypa h HfleoJioraa 6biJiH npocro ejiHHbiMH Ha BceM npocrpaHCTBe 
CCCP. CxoxH hjih npocro rannecTBeHHbi 6mjih h (popMajibHO 3aaBJieHHbie 
jiHaepaMH o6pa30BaBiiiHXca b pe3yjibTaxe pacnaaa CCCP hobmx He3aBHcn- 
mhx rocyaapCTB u.ejiH - nocTpoeHHe aeMOKpaTHnecKHX o6mecTB c pHHOH- 
hoh 3KOHOMHKOH. CooTBetcTBeHHO cxoxh 6wjiH h npo6jieMbi, cxoaBinne ne- 
pea hobmmh rocyaapcTBaMH. TeM He MeHee paaiMHHa nyreft hx nanHTHHec- 

KOrO pa3BHTHfl H B03HHK1IIHX B HHX nOJIHTHHeCKHX CHCTeM - OHeHb BCJ1HKH. 
TOJKJieCTBO HJIH nOHTH TO>KfleCTBO (JlppManbHHX CiapTOBblX yCJIOBHH H 

paajiHiHe pe3yjibTaTOB oSjiernaioT h npennojiararoT cpaBHeHHe nojiHTHMecKoii 
3B0J1IOU.HH HauiHx cxpaH. TaKoe cpaBHeMHe no3BOJiaeT BbiflBHTb o6mne 3aKo- 

HOMepHOCTH nOCTCOBCTCKOrO pa3BHTHH, «HaiUynaTb» (paKTOpbi, MOflH(pHUH- 

pyK>mne 3th 3aK0H0MepH0CTH (HaHHnaa ot HaH6ojiee rjiyooKHx h npoiHbix, 

CBH3aHHbIX C TJiy60KHMH KyJIbTypHblMH pa^HMHHMH, KOTOpbie CTaJIH Op03B- 

jiaTbca npw HCTe3HOBeHHH npuHyAHTejibHOH cobctckoh yHH(pHKauHH, h c re- 
orpatpHHecKHM noJioxeHHeM, h KOtfnaa hhcto cjiynaftHbiMH o6cTOHTejibCTBa- 
mh), h Te nepejioMHbie momch™, b KOiopbie noa BJiHHHweM 3-thx (paicxopoB 
pa3BHTHe pa3Hbix cTpaH nouiJio no pa3HOMy nyTH. npH stom b paae cTpan, He- 
CMOTpa Ha H3HanajibHoe (JropMaiibHoe ToamecTBO HHCTHTyroB, AHBepreHUHa 
HanaJiacbTaK paHO h 3auuia TaK aaJieKo, hto hx nojiHTHnecKoe pa3BHTHe h co- 
BpeMeHHbie nojiHTH4ecKne chctcmh noHXH HeconocTaBHMM. HanpHMep, 

CpaBHeHHe nOJIHTHieCKOH 3B0JH0UMH H CJI05KHBIUHXCS nOJIHXHieCKHX CHCXeM 

3ctohhh.h TypKMeHHH, mo»cho cKa3atb, «He HHxepecHO», h6o yac cjihiukom 
MHoro Meymy hhmh pa3JiHMHH. CpaBHHBaTb hx - noHTH to xe caMoe, hto 
cpaBHHBaTb nojiHTHMecKHe cHCxeMbi C11JA h CayaoBCKoft ApaBHH. 3HaHH- 
xejibHO HHxepecHee cpaBHeHHe TaKHX CTpaH, Kate Ka3axcTaH h Poccha, ibH 
nojiHTHiecKHe sbojhouhh h ciioxHBtuHeca cHCTeMbi cxoacH. 

Mbi MOxeM KnaccH(|)HUMpOBaTb Bee nocTCOBexcKHe rocynapcxBa no Bax- 
HeftiiieMy nojMTHHecKOMy npH3HaKy, ocHOBHOMy npH3HaKy aeMOicpaTiwec- 

178 



nocTCOBeTCKHii nojiHTimecKHii pewim Ka3axaaHa 



koh CHcreMbi - B03Mox H a jih b hmx poraiwii BJiacTH, moxct jih b hhx onno- 

3HUHJI MHPHO M 33KOHHO, B paMK3X KOHCTHTyUHH no6eflHTb Ha Bbtfopax H 

BoaraaBHTb npaBHiejibcTBO. Hcxoah H3 stoto KpHTepi™, mh MoxeM Bb W e- 
jiHTb TpH rpynnw nocTcoBeTCKHx crpaH. 

Bo-nepBwx, 3to rpynna crrpaH, Koiopbie c cainoro Manama nouijiH no ny- 
th aeMOKpaiHH, b Koiopbix ycTaHoujieHHbie KOHCTHTyuMHMH «npaBmia nr- 
pw» Hen3MeHHH, a no6e.nnTejiH h no6exn,e H Hbie b 3toh « H rpe», HanporaB 
Moryr 6biTb pa3HbiMH. B sthx CTpaHax Ha npoTaxeHHH nocrcoBeTCKoro ne- 
pHoaa BJiacTb yxe HecKOJibico pa3 nepexoAHJia H3 pyK b py K H nyreM bm6opob 

3T0 TPH 6ajITHHCKHe CTpaHbl - 3CT0HH3, JlaTBHJI H JIHTB3 h Mo/woBa. 

Bo-BTOpblX, 3T0 paa CTpaH, KOTOpbie MOJKHO OTHeCTH k nepexojiHOH 

rpynne. B HeKoropwx H3 hhx CMeHa Bjiac™ npoHcxoawia, ho He aeMOKpara- 
necKHM nyreM, a nyreM BoopyxeHHux nepeBopOTOB, h jwuib 3aieM pe3yjibia- 
Tbi 3thx nepeBopOTOB JierHTHMHpoBajiHCb BbiSopaMH. 3to - A3ep6aiiiiJKaH 
Tpy3Ha, TaaxHKHCTaH. B 3Ha™TejibHOH Mepe kstoh ace rpynne moxho ot- 
HecTH h ApMeHHio, rue nepexoa BJiacTH ot JI. Tep-neTpocaHa k P. KoqapaHy 
npOH3omeji (paicraMecKH b pe3y^bT3Te BoeHHoro nepeBopoTa. B apynix cTpa- 
Hax, npHHazuiexauiHx k stoh rpynne, CMeHa anac™ npon3ow;ia aeMOKpa™- 
necKHM nyreM, ho TOJibKo omn pa3 (YKpaHHa h Be^opyccwa). Bo'Bcex 3thx 
crpaHax npaBHTe^H nhrrawTM BbicipoHTb CHCTeMy, Hcwiioqaiomyio aajib- 
HeHuiyro poraunio BJiacra. Ho ycnex 3thx nonbiTOK - oqe H b pasHbiH. TaK b 
Ee/iopyccHH JlyKaiuenKO CMor cosaaTb xecTKyto CHCTeMy, 3<p<peKTHBHO 6jio- 
KMpyiomyK)iiaJibHeHiiine poTam™. y K paHHa h Tpyawa, HanporaB, b o6o3 P h- 
mom fjyaymeM Moryr nepeflra b rpynny crpaH, rae poTauHH BjiacTH - HopMa. 
HaKOHeu, TpeTba rpynna CTpaH - crpaHM, KOTopbre c caMoro Haiajia no- 
uijih no nyra cTpoHtejibCTBa nojiHranecKHx chctcm c «6e3anbTepHa™BHbiMn 
npe3naeHTaMH». 3to - CTpanbi, b kotophx Ha nporaxeHHH scero nocTco- 
BeTCKoro nepHoaa pOTaiWH BJiacra Boo6me He Sbuio h y BJiacra h ceiwac - 
tot ace nejioBeK, KOTopbiK pyKOBOARii cTpaHOH b MOMem- npoB03rjiameHHH 
HejaBHCHMOCTH (KasaxcTaH, Kbiprbi 3 CTa H) y36eKncTaH, TypKMeHHa) hjih 
Ha3HaieHHbiH hm npeeMHHK (Pocchh). ripw stom KOHCTHTyuHH b sthx CTpa- 
Hax MeHajiHCb, h b Ka3axcTaHe, Hanptwep, npe3nneHT Ha3ap6aeB ocTaexca 
rjiaBOH rocyaapcTBa npn ipex pasHbix KOHCTHryuHsx. B sthx CTpaHax mcha- 
iotch He no6eanTe*H h no6e»caeHHbie npw HeH3MeHHbix npaBH^ax nrpu, ho 
npaBHJia nrpbi npH HeH3MeHH0M noBeaHtejie (to Haaejie 03HaqaeT, hto'sth 
npaBHJia - jiHiiib <popMa^ibHH, hto (paKTMsecKH nrpa mer no apyrHM npaBH- 
^aM). Otjihhhs Pocchh, b Koropofl npaBHT Ha3HaHeHHHH EiibUHHbiM Ha- 
cjiejiHHK, OTflpyrHX CTpaH stoh rpynnw, rjxt cmchu B^acTH BooQiue He 6buio, 
Hejib3a paccMaTpHBaTb ok npHHUHnnajibHbie, CKCTeMHbie, h6o ohh o6yc- 
noBJTeHbi CKopee aiyiaHHbiMH (paicropaMH, CBJuaHHbiMH co wopOBbeM h 
B03pacT0M nepBoro poccHHCKoro npe3H^eHTa. 

B03MO)KHOCTb HJIH HCB03MO>KHOCTb ACMOKpaTH^eCKOH pOTaUHH B^aC- 
TH - BaXHeHIIIHH, HO He eflHHCTBeHHHM KpHTepHH KJiaCCHlpHKaUHH, H npH- 

HaaneacamHe k ojihoK rpynne nocTcoBeTCKHe rocyaapcTBa MoryT oTJilmaibca 

179 



flMMTpHH (PypMaH 



apyr ot apyra no apyruM BaxHbiM npH3HaKaM. B rpynny rocyaapcTB, He npo- 
wejmwx 4epe3 poxauHK), bxoajit crpaHbi, b kotopmx ecTb/ieranbHaa onno3H- 
uhs (Pocchs, Ka3axcTaH, KbiprbiscTaH), xotsi cHcreMa praHH3OBaHa TaK, 
hto ee MHpHbiH npwxoa k BJiacTH nyreM Bbi6opOB HeB03M0xeH, y36eKHCTaH, 
b kotopom - nceBflOMHoronapTHHHocTb, 6jin3Kas k nceBflOMHoronapTHHHO- 

CTH «CTpaH HapOflHOM IieMOKpaTHH», H TypKNieHHCTaH, pe>KHM KOTOpOTO 

npeacTaB^aeT co6oh Ty KpaiiHioio creneHb aBT0pHTapH3Ma, KOTopyio yxe 

MOXHO Ha3BaTb TOTa^HTapH3MOM. 

no oueHKaM crreneHH noJiHTVwecKnx w rpaxmaHCKHX cbo6oa, «BbicTaB- 
jieHHMM» opraHH3auHeH ^Freedom House* ohbujhm cobctckhm pecny5jiH- 
KaM 3a 2003 r. ( 1 - MaKCHMaJibHaa h 7 - MHHHMajibHas CTeneHb cBo6oflbi) Bee 
tph pecnySjiHKH EajiTHM noJiynHJiH ouemcy 1,5, ManaoBa - 3,5, ApMeHHH, 
TpysHJf h yxpaHHa - 4, Pocchh - 5, Ka3axcTaH, KbiprwscTaH h TaajKHKHC- 
TaH - 5,5, BejiopyccHH - 6, Y36eKHCTaH - 6,5 h TypKMeHHCTaH -7. 

TaKHM o6pa30M, Ka3axcTaH no CBoeMy noJiHTHnecKOMy ycrpoHCTBy He 
TOJibKO npHHajuiexHT k oahoh rpynne CTpaH c PoccweH, ho h BHyTpw Hee 
oneHb 6jih30k k Pocchh. 



KoMMyHHCTHnecKHe pexMMbi, a oco6eHHo pexnM CCCP, cojaajiH chc- 
Teiny TOTajibHoro (h (})opMajibHoro) kohtpojisi Has oSwecTBOM, KOTopaa no3- 
BOJiHJia hm aocTaT04HO flo^ro npocymecTBOBaTb yxce nocjie Toro, KaK naeo- 
jioraa, Ha KOTopoft ohh ocHOBHBajiHCb, yrpaTHJia cboio cuny m cnoco6HOCTb 
Bbi3biBaTb npenaHHOCTb. 3to o6ycJiOBHJio h cneiiH<pH4ecKyto <popMy naae- 

HHH KOMMyHHCTHMeCKOM CHCTeMbl. B CCCP (k3K H HpaKTHHeCKH BO BCeM 

«coiXJiarepe», KpoMe nonbuiH) ko BpeMeHM naneHHH KOMMyHH3Ma He 6njio 

CKOJlbKO-HH6yflb Cepbe3HOrO aHTHKOMMyHHCTHHeCKOFO peBOJIIOUHOHHOrO 
ABHXeHHH - JIK)6bie 3ap0flbIllJH TaKHX flBHJKeHHH MOMeHTaJlbHO yHHHTOJKa- 
JIHCb, HO K KOHUy COBeTCKOH HCTOpHH pe>KHM HaCTOJlbKO «nporHHJi», HTO flO- 

CTaTOHHo 6bmo nosiBJieHMfl b o6meM-TO oieHb cjia6bix h aMopcpHbix aBHxe- 
hhh, Bbi3BaHHbix k JKH3HH rop6a<jeBCKOH jiH6epajiH3au.neH, hto6h pexHM 
pyxHyji. Chjih, BCTyriHBiiiHe b 6opb6y c pexHMOM, 6buiH onenb cjia6bi. Ho 
CHJI, HM npOTHBOCTOaiUHX, npaKTHMecKH npocTo He 6bIJIO. 

KoMMyHHCTHiecKaH 3JiHTa, Te, kto Bpojie 6bi aoJisceH 6bui B03rjiaBMTb 
conpoTHBJieHHe peBOJirouHOHHbiM CHJiain, crarb aHajioraMM opraHH3aTopoB 
6ejioro ajuixtnm b nepBOM peBOjnouHOHHOM uHicne, b MaccoBOM nopswKe 
0TKa3aiiacb ox KOMMyHHCTHnecKOH nneojiorHH. flaace Tor.ua, Koraa conpo- 
THBJieHHe Bce-TaKH oKa3biBajiocb, ero MOTHBauHeii 6mjio cKOpee CTpeMJieHHe 
coxpaHHTb rocyaapcTBO, «HMnepHK>», nern KOMMyHHCTHiecKaa HueoJior™. 
Ecjih CaxapOB hjih EnbUHH - oneHb cjia6bie aHa^orH peBOJiiouHOHepoB nep- 
boio uMKJia, to H30B hjih BapeHHHKOB - eme 6o;iee cjia6bie aHaJiorw KopHH- 

JTOBa H fleHHKHHa. 

3Ta npeae^bHaa cjra6ocTb conpoTHRJieHHa HMe^aaBa ochobhmx cneflCT- 
BHfl. Bo-nepBbix, OHa cnacua CCCP ot rpaxtaaHCKOfi BOHHbi'. Bo-BTopbix, 

180 



nocTCOBeTCKHti no/iHTHtecKHH pexum Ka3axcrana 

OHafljuia OTKasaBuiewcfl ot KOMMyHHCTHHecKOH HfleojioraH KOMMVHHCTHHe- 

CKOH 3JlHTe B03MOXHOCTb COXpaHHTb CBOH H03HUHH H CTaTb 3JIHT0H HOBblX 

B03HHKUIHX b pesyjitiaTe naaeHHn KOMMy H H3Ma h pacnaaa CCCP o6mecTB ' 
Bo BceM nocTcoBeTCKOM (h b MeHbuiei* creneHH - bo bccm nocTKOMMV- 

HHCTHHeCKOM) n P OCT P aHCTBe KOJIOCCaJlbHbie COUHaJlbH0-3K0HOMHHeCKHe H 

weonormecme nepeMeHM, CBasaHHbie c naaeHHeM KOMMyHHCTHHecKoro 
crpoa, coneTMHCb c coBepiueHHo HecoH3Me P HMofi c sthmh nepeiweHaMH 
CTeneHbio npeeMCTBeHHOCTH npaBameH sjihtbi. B hctophh Tpyxrao naftra 
npHMepM, Koraa jiioah, CToaBuiKe y BJiac™ npn oahom couwajibHOM h iiojih- 
THHecKOM CTpoe h rocnoflCTBeoflHofi Hiieo^orHH, npoaojixajiH 6bi Haxowrb- 
ca y anac™ npH nepexoae k cobccm hhmm CTpoio h HneonorHH. Mexay rem 
jun nocTcoBeiCKoro npocipaHCTBa 3Ta cmyaujHa - THnHHHaa. 

C^a6ocTbaHTHKOMMyHHCTH4ecKHXflBH)KeHHH h eme 60JlbUiaa CJia60CTb 

COnpOTHBJieHHfl MM CO CTOpOHbt KOMMyHHCTHMeCKOH 3J1HTM XapaKTepHbl H 

MR KasaxciaHa, h ana Pocchh. B o6eHx crpaHax nepexoa k hoboh HecoBer- 

CKOM rOCyflapCTBeHHOCTH H KanHTaJlHCTHHeCKOH 3KOHOMHKe OCyUieCTBJIHJICa 

nofl pyKOBoacTBOM npeacTaBHTejiew BepxHHX awejioHOB KOMMymrcTiwecKoft 

HOMeHlOiaTypbl, B pCKOpflHO KOpOTKHH CpOK CT3BUIHX H3 P TOflOKCaJTbHbIX 
«MapKCHCTOB-JieHHHU.eB» «ffleMOKpaTaMH», «pb!H04HHKaMH», CTOpOHHHKaMH 

yHHHToxeHHa CCCP h aaxe «BepyiomMMH»2. Ho Bee xe b reHesuce hoboh 
rocyaapcTBeHHocTH, icaic h b jihmhocthx cosaarejieH hobhx Pocchh h Kasax- 
CTana, ecib 6ojibuiHe pa3JiHHHs. 

B Pocchh c onpe fl ejieHHbiMH oroBopKaMH mi moxcm roBopHTb o peBO- 
jhouhohhom jaamtiimA h no6eae pcbojiiouhh, BosraaBJiaBmeflca B. EjibUH- 
hhm. EnbUHH - xora h npeacTaBHTejib HOMenoaiypHbix BepxoB ho «ms- 

Te«HbIH», BCTynHBEUHH B KaKOH-TO HiieOJIOrHHeCKH «HeBHaTHbIH» KOHCpJIHKT 

c rop6aKeBCKHM pyKOBoacTBOM, raraaHHMfi H3 B^acTH h nocjie 3ioro HaqaB- 
iuhh crpeMHTejibHoe B03BpameHHe bo BJiacra b hobom o6jihkc JiHaepa Ha6H- 
paiomero cHJiy aHTHKOMMyHHCTHiecKoro, .neMOKpaTMnecKoro ABHacema 
MaccoByio 6a3y KOToporo cocraBJiiuia HH30Baa HHTauiHremws 6cjimiihx ro- 
poaoB, npexae Bcero Mockbw h JleHHHipaaa. 3to ABHxeHHe CMorro crana- 
jia npoBecra ero b npejice/iaTe™ BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Pocchh a saTeM o6ec~ 
newb eMy no6eay Ha o6me H apoflHbix Bbi6opax pocchhckoto npe 3 Hfle H Ta 
Oho noMepacajio ero bo BpeMa «aBrycTOBCKoro nym» VKHTl, u oh Mor pac- 
CHHTbiBaxb Ha ero no,oaep*Ky B o Bpeiwa 6ejroBeaccKHx corjiamemiH h nosace 
npH nepeBopoTe OKra6pa 1 993 r. 

Xoth b KasaxcTaHe npoH3omjio nepBoe b rop6aieBCKyio snoxy Bbicryn- 
jieHHe nporaB hojihthkm IJeHTpa (co6hthh aeiea6pH 1986 r. b A^iwa-ATe) aH- 
THKOMMyHHCTHiecKOe zmxLtHm 3aecb 6bwo 3HaMHTe;ibH0 ana6ee pocchh- 
CKoro^, h creneHb npeeMCTBeHHOCTH pyKOBo^CTBa npw nepexo^e k HOBOMy 
CTporo 3Ha4HTejibH0 6ojibiiie. 3«ecb nepBbiM h noKa e fl HHCTBeHHMM npesn- 
aeHTOM HOBoro HesaBHCHMoro rocy^apcTBa ctuh npocro-HanpocTo nocjiea- 
hhh nepBbifi ceKpetapb UK Kn KasaxciaHa Hypcy^xaH AQuvieBm Ha- 
3ap6aeB 4 . 

181 



Ammtpmh OypMaH ______ 

npocJwccHOHajibHbifi napTWHHbift pa6o?HHK, BbiflBHaceHeu 6eccMeHHoro 
(c 1960 no 1986 r. c nepepwBOM b 1992-1994 it.) h nojibaoBaBiueroca kojioo 
cajibHbiM BjmaHHeM b MocKBe h nonyjwpHOCTbio B-KaaaxcxaHe nepBoro ce- 
Kpeiapa UK Kn Ka 3 axcTaHa R. Kynaeea (1912-1993), H. Ha 3 ap6aeB b 
1984 r CTaHOBHTCii FlpeflceaaTejieM CoBera mhhhctpob h paccMaTpHBae-rca 
A KyHaeBbiM KaK B03MOXHbitt npeeMHHK. Ho b 1986 r. Ha 16-m cbesae Kll 
KasaxcraHa, yjioBHB BCTep nepeMeH, ayioiUHH M3 Mockbh, oh HeoxHaaHHo 
BbidynaeT c pe3Kofi «nepecTpoe<iHOH» kphthkoh CBoero noKpoBmena h 
CTapiuero apyra ((popMaiibHO kphthka 6bijia HanpaBJieHa npoTHB 6paTa 
J\ KynaeBa, npe3HaeHTa AKa^eMHH HayicA. KyHaeea). 

npH BHeuineM cxoacTBe (b o6onx cjiynaax - HeoacwiaHHoe KpHTunecKoe 
EbicTyruieHHe npoTHB HanajibCTBa) nocrynoK Ha3ap6aeBa b 1986 r. oneHb ot- 
jtHH^cfl ot ejibUHHCKoro BbicTynjieHHfl c k P hthkoh ropGaneBa Ha iuieHyMe 
UK b 1987 r. EnbUHHCKoe BMcrynjieHHe 6buio HMnyjibCHBHbiM, Henpoay- 
MaHHbiM HoneHbpHCKOBaHHbiM. Bpmjih EjibUHH MorBTOBpeMa npennojra- 

raTb HTO OHO HBHTC3 OTnpaBHOM T04K0H B erO BOCXOKWHHM K. BepXOBHOH 

BJiaciH BbicTyn^eHHe HasapSaeea 6hjio, moxct 6biTb, oTHocmejibHO CMe- 

JIUM HO AOBOJIbHO oSblHHbIM KapbepHbIM XOflOM. HeCOMHeHHO, OH HOHH- 

meui 'hto BpeMs KynaeBa KOHHaeTca. B 3toh cHTyauHH pojib nejiOBeKa, Bbine- 
cTOBaHHoro KyHaeBbiM h npeaHasHaneHHoro hm b npeeMHHKH, Monia noMe- 
maTb Ha3ap6ae B y aeiicTBHTejibHO ctaTbTaKHM npee.MHHKOM. Hao6opoT, bh- 
cxynJieHHe c k P hthkoh KyHaeBa aojdkho 6hjio npMB/ienb k HasapSaeBy chm- 
naTHH TopeaneBa, Hiuymero mojioahx, 3HepraHHbix h CMejibix pyKOBOflHTe- 
jiefl «HOBoro rana», h ycKopntb ero BOSBbiuieHHe*. Ho nojiyniuiocb He coBceM 
raK KaK oh npeanojiaraji. ropGaneB pemaer nociaBHTb bo rJiaBe KasaxcraHa 
« B apara» nejiOBeKa, He cBsnaHHoro c MecTHbiMH unaHaMH*. h ompaBJiaeT b 
KasaxcraH HHKoraa He pa6oTaBiuero b HeM I". KoJi6HHa, hto npoBOUnpyer 
« eK a6pixKHe co6_i™*»'. nepBbiM ceicpeiapeM UK KoMnapiHH KasaxciaHa 
HasapSaeey ywuiocb ciarb to™ b woHe 1989 r., Koraa Ko/i6hh 6wji nepe- 
BeneH b MocKBy Ha AOJiXHOCTb npeaceaatejia KoMHTeTa rocyaapcTBeHHoro 

KOHTpoJia CCCP. 

Howwiroe npaBJieHHe KoJiSma conpoBoayxajiocb penpeccnaMH npoTHB 
yMacTHMKOB aeKa6 P bCKoro BbicxyruieHHa h BOoSme « K a3axcKHX HauHOHa™- 
ctob» B KasaxcxaHe tobophjih aaxe «1937 rose b MHHna™pe». npuxoa k 
bmcth Ha3ap6aeBa 6un BOcnpHHHT c o6jierHeHHeM, h 3TO aajio HOBOMy py- 
KOBOflHTejiio onpefleneHHbift «CTapTOBHH KanHTaji» HapoAHbix (npexne Bce- 
ro KasaxcKHX) cHMna™*. TeM He MeHee nojioxeHwe Ha3ap6ae B a 6buio oneHb 
T Pyfl Hb.M K P M3nc coBeicKOH CHCxeMbi b 1989 t. cxaji oMeBiweH. Ha3ap6ae B> 
TaK cKasatb, ceji b Kpecjio, Koropoe pee nanajio paaBajinBaibca. OaKTHMecKH 
c caMOro MOMeHTa aocTHxeHHfl BMcuiero nocia b KasaxmHe oh cTOJiKHyji- 
ca c cHTyauHett, Koraa ana Toro, Hio6bi coxpaHHTb, yKpenHTb h pacujH P HTb 
cboio BJiacib, e M y HyxHO 6buio HCKaTbjwa nee HOBbie Hfleo^orwHecKHe ocho- 

EaHHS K HOByK) JierHTOMHSaUHK), CPOHHO TOTOBHTb «HOBOe tcpecjio». 

182 



nocTCOBeTCKHH nojwTHMecKHtt pe wHM KaaaxcraHa 

KaK H EflbUHH, H3 npOTHXeHHH peKOp^HO KOPOTKOTO CPOK3, HO B OT^H- 

taSTni H " Ha MHHyry " e npepUBafl Kaptepb ' H He ynycKa^acTH, 
HasapSaeB coBepiuaei Hfleononwecxyio sbojiiouhk) (Moacer 6biTb saect 
yMeciHee caoBo «peBoaK> UH5! ») - H3 opioaoKcaabHoro KOMMyHHCTa'craHO- 

BMTCS CTOpOHHMKOM KanHTaaHCTHMeCKOFO H fleMOKpaTHHeCKOfO ctpoj. * Ho 

ecjm CMena MH P OB033 P eHHH b cootbctctbhh c hoboh CMTyauneft oco6oh 
ipyAHocxH H e npeacTaiwiajia, to yaepxamje h yicpenaeHHe co6c T BeHHOH BJia- 
era h WKuamie m* Hee hoboh HHcraxyuHOHaabHOH (popMbi m hoboh jierH- 

THMH33UHH 6bUIO AtROM aOCTaTOHHO Tpy A HbIM H Tpe6oB3BUIKM 3HaHHTejIb- 
HOMaOBKOCTH. ™-ihicjii> 

3 

ZUra Bcex pecny6j7HK3HCKHx BJiacxeft nepcneKTHBa paensaa CCCP h 
mfwmum KnCC, Bee Soaee otmctjimbo o6o3HaHaBwaac» noa BanaHHeM 
ropeaneBCKOH pecpopMH h aaBJieHna peBonrouHOHHMx aHracorosHbix iwacco- 
bhx flBHxeHHH, 6biaa nepcneKTHBOfi pncKOBaHHOH, ho cyaameft SojibiuHe 
Bbiroau. PucKOBaHHOH - noTOMy 4T0 npouecc Bceraa mof bmmth H3-noa 
KOHTpojia h npMBecTH k yTpare B^acmbix hoshuhh. Cyaamefi 6ojibuiHe bh- 
roflbi - noxoMy «m> ecan n P n 3 tom BJiacib H e Tepaeica, 0H a mhotokpbtho 
ycHjiHBaerca. Pecny6^HKaHCKHe BJiaciH oc B o6oxaaaHCb ot KOHTpoaa co 
CTopoHbi MocKBb. h napTHHHbix cipyKTyp, hx ctaiyc pesico noflHHMajica 
Uhh daHOBHJiHCb pyxoBoaHTeaaMH HesaBHCHMbix rocynapcTB « H e xyxe» 
Ka KHX -HH6yab eBponencKHx npesmemoB h npeMbepoB. Ho b saBHCHwoc™ 
ot reHe3Hca BJiacra awaepoB, no;ioxeHKa pecny&iHKH b CCCP h nojioxceHHH 
b pecny6jiH K e sto o6mee CTpeMjieHne awKTOBaao pa3Hyio TaKTHKy 

OoaoaceHHe EabUHH3 h Ha3ap6ae B a b OTHouieHHH Comoro UeHToa 

ObWO OO^eKTHBHO OieHb pa3HbIM. 

^ Bo-nepBbix, EjibUHH npHuieji k Baac™ b Pocchh (BJiacra, orpaHHieH- 

HOH COKJ3HMM LJeHTpOM) H3 peBOJHOUHOHHOH BOJIHe, KaK JlHiCp aHTHKOMMV- 

HHCTHHecKoro ABHxeHHA. n 03 T0Myaaa Hero saaaia yaepxaHHa h paewnpe- 
Hiia cBoeH BJiacTH 6buia neoTaeaHMa ot saaa™ aaabHefiuiero «pa 3 BHTHa pe- 
BoafouHH* h cBepxeHHa «cTaporo pexH M a». Ha 3 ap6aeB, Hanpora Bj npmueji 
k Baac™ HopMajibHbiM coBeTCKHM nyreM, b paMKax « CT aporo pexHMa» h 
aajibHenmee pasBHrae peBonioumi ana Hero 6buio onacHbiM, HpesaxbiM bm- 

aBHtteHHeM HOBHX, XapH3MaTHqeCKH- P eB0^K)UHOHHbIX JIHaepOB, K333XCKHX 

1 aMcaxypaHa h 3;ib4H6eeB (hjih aaxe EnbUHHbix). 

Bo-BTopwx, b cwiy nojioxeHHH Pocchh khk «aapa» CCCP kohcdjwkt 

POCCMHCKOH, ejlbUHHCKOH, H C0K>3HOH B^aCTeH, HMeHHO OOTOMy HTO B HOW 

He npncyrcTBOBM HaunoHanbHb IM acneicT, 6mji, k3k 3 to hh napaaoKcaabHo 
oco6e H HO ocrpbiM. no cyiH aejia saecb penb ui^a aByx P occhhckhx pyc- 
ckhx Baaciax, AByx (popMax cymecTBOBa H na pyccKoro rocyaapcTBa P 3 3H bix 
cnocoSax Kompona Haa TeM xe npoc T paHCTBOM. PoccwHCKaa h cotoaHaa 
B^acTH oBteKTHBHo HCioiioHaaM apyr apyra, hx cocymecTBOBaHHe 6biao He- 

B03MOJKHMM. Hao6opOT, KOMnpOMHCC COK53HOH BaaCTH C Ka33XCTaHOM KaK 



183 



ftMHipHH <J>ypMaH 



h c wvrHMH P ecny6jiHKaMH, 6bw B03M0>KeH. Bee P ecny6jiHKH, K poMe Poc- 
chh xeopeTHHecKH MorJiK KaKoe-To epeMJ. cymecrBOBaxb (h aaxe (paKTune- 
ckh We cymecTBOBajiH) KaK « B accajibHbie» raw aBTOHOMHwe rocyaapcTBeH- 
mie oepaaouaHHii. Aw cyiuecTBOBanHa cokwhoh B*ac™6biJiH Heo6xo fl HMb. 
nojiHbm ee KOHipoJib am PoccHeB, ho jimin, Mac™™** KOHiponb Haa apy- 
thmh pecny6JiHKaMM. K 

B-TpeTbHX, Pocoia 6e 3 P ecny6jiHK SbiJia nojiHOdbio >KH3Hecnoco5HbiM 
rocyaapcTBOM. OHa 6wia ecxecTBeHHHM npeeMHHKOM CCCP, h bcsj cok>3- 
H aa rocyaapcTBeHHaa MaiiiHHa romth aBTOMaxHiecKH npn jimaummvi 
CCCP npeBpamajiacb b poccHHCKyio. ripo6jieMbi «Bbt>KHBaHHa» Pocchh oe3 
CCCP He 5bUio Bojiee Toro, poccHKCKaa ejibiwHCKaa BJiacTb b caMOM koh- 
ue coBexcKoro nepnoaa, Koraa o H a yxe nepeciajia BHaexb b coioshom U,eHT- 
pe yrpo3y, cTpeMHJiacb «nepex B a™Tb» y TopeaneBa coiosHyto BJiacTb, b hhoh 
AopMe BepHVTb Pocchh noJioxeHHe «snpa» HMnepHH h o6ecneqHTb ce5e 
KOHipo^b Haa BceM npocxpaHCTBOM CCCP. Hao6opoT, mh Kasaxcxana pe^b 
mjia 6yKBa^bHo o «BbixnBaHHH», h, BSBeiUHBaa Bee phckh h Bbiroabi ot He- 
MeaJieHHoro pacnaaa CCCP, raaaxcraHCKHe BJiac™ BnojiHe mouih cHHiaib, 

HTO PHCKOB 60JIbUie, HeM BbirOfl, MTO C nOJIHOH HesaBHCHMOCTbK) MOJKHO no- 

noacaaTb mto fljia cosaaHHa xH3Hecnoco6 H oro HesaBHCHMoro xasaxcKoro 
rocyaapciBa nyxHO BpeMa, KOiopoe MO*e T aaib coxpaHeHHe ocJia6jieHHOH 

C01O3H0H BJiaCTH. ,„,,„„ 

Hejio b tom, mto pacnaa CCCP BUTaaKHBaa k HesaBHcnMoc™ Kasax- 
CT aHCKoe rocyaapcTBO, HauHOHanbHbifi cocxaB KOToporo aeaaa ero cywecT- 
BOBaHHe noHTH HeBOSMOxHbiM. THTyjibHaa Hamw He Sbiaa SojibWHHCTBOM 
HacejieHna (39,6%, no aanHbiM nepenncn 1989 r.) h Jimiib HeMHoro npesoc- 
xoflvwa no 4HCJieHH0 C ™ 6oaee pasBHxoe h yp6aHH3npoBaHHoe pycc K oe 
«MeHbiiiHHCTBO» (37,8%). Ecjim ace yHHTbmaxb npeacxaBHxejieH apyrax Hapo- 
TOB CCCP pycn(pHUHpoBa H Hbix h oTOxaecTBJiaioiuHx ce6a CKopee c pyc- 

CKHMH TO pyCCKHe H «pyCCKOH3bIHHMC» C0CT3BJIHJIH npOCTO 6o*blIIHHCTBO, a 

B crojiHue h paiie o&iacTeft, npMMbixaiomHX k Pocchh, - noaaBJiarowee 
6o^bUiHHCTBO. TaKOH 3THHHecK0H h reonojiHTHnecKOH cHTyauHH He 6buio 
hm b ootoh coBeicKOH pecny6jiHKe, h efi o^eHb Tpyano hbhth aHaaoraM b 

KaKOH-JiwSo crpaHe MHpa. 

06mefleMOKpaTH4ecKoe aBHxeHHe, BbnsaHHoe k =kh 3 hh rop6a«BCieoH 
nepecrpoHKOH, b Kasaxciane, KaK h B^pyrMxpecnyoJiHKax, np H o6peTaeTHa- 
UHOHa^bHyio, aHTHcoiosHyio h b KaKofi-To Mepe aHTHpyccKyio OKpacK^. Ka- 
saxcKHH Hauno H ajin3M b uejiOM He HMeJi arpeccHBHO aHTHpyccKoro xapaKTe- 
pa ho Bee paBHO jiK)6bie T pe6oBaHHfl, ceasaHHbie c noa^eMOM xnxy^bHOH Ha- 
uhh ee a3HKa h KynbTypbi, aBTOMaxHHecKH npeanojiaranH neKOTopoe chk, 
xemie cxaTyca pyccKHx h pyccKOii Kyjibrypbi. noaioMy ohh He motjih He bm- 
3B axb peaKUHH pyccKHx, oco6eHHO KasauKoro Hace^eHHa KasaxcTaHa, hcto- 
pHnecKH SbiBiiiero aBaHrapaoM pyccKofi KOJioHHsaunH h 3amHTHHK0M py6e- 
jKefl HMnepHH. B cesepHbix o6aacrax c pyccKHM 6ojibiiiHHCTBOM HaceneHM 
3to BeaeT k noaBJieHHto a B T0H0MH3Ma h cenapa T H3Ma - nppeaeHTH3Ma . 

184 



nocTCOBeTCKHH nojWTKH ecKHH pewuM Ka3axaaHa 

EcTeciBeHHo, sto ABHxeHMe nojiyMa^o no^epxKy b Pocchh HaH6o;iee 
rpoMKo npo3ByMaji np H 3biB A. CojiaceHHUbma b ero «Ka K HaM o6yCT P OHTb 
Pocchio» k nepecMoxpy rpanttu c Ka3axcT3H0M h bkjhohchhio b cocraB Poc- 
chh ero ceBepHwx, 3ace;ieHHbix b ochobhom pyccKHMH o6jiacTeii. AHa^oraH- 
Hbie nprawuw nepHoaMHecKH pa3aaBMHCb h co cropoHbi hojihthkob «kom- 
My H o-naTpnoTH4ecKoro» jiarepsi, n m cp«iH poccHHCKOro vieMOKpaTHiec- 

KOTO* ABHJKeHHa, B aMOp(})HOH H 3KJICKTHHHOH naeojiornn KOToporo npHcyT- 
CTBOBaJIH H HaUHOHaJlHCTHieCKH-HMnepCKHe KOMnOHeHTblH. 

OcoSeHHo o6ocTpHJiacb cHTyaiwa b nepnoa Mexay aBrycroBCKHM nyr- 
ieM H6ejiOBexcKHMH corjiauieHHAMH, icoraa poccHHCKHe BJiacra, npeano^a- 
raBiiiHe b sto Bpeiua «noiiMeHHTb» rop6aieBCKHfi LJeHTp, ct<uih yrpoxaib 
pecny6JiHKaM nepecMOTpoM rpaHHu b cjiy4ae hx Bbixoaa H3 Coraa. 3cKajia- 
UHa «HMnepcKHx» npeTeH3nfl poccHficKOH BJiactH coBnanajia c scKajiauHeii 
pyccKoro, npexae Bcero Ka3a^bero amxetma b Ka3axcTaHe. B ceHTfl6pe 
1991 r. b YpajibCKe AejTo nonmaoxojmAO oncpwrbix CTOJiKHOBeHHH cenapa- 

THCTCKH HaCTpoeHHMX K333K0B C npnGblBUJHMH CK)fla C pa3HHX KOHUOB Ka- 
3aXCT3Ha OpraHH30BaHHbIMM napTHeff «A33T» KasaXCKHMH HaUHOHMHCTaMH 

b OKT36pe-Hoa6pe TaKHx xe ctojikhobchhh e^a yxuuiocb H36exarb b Uejin- 
Horpaae (TenepemHew AcraHe)". 

TlocnpaKTyM Bceraa HamiHaeT Ka3atbca, mto npoHcuieawee _ ecTecr- 

BeHHO H 3a«OHOMepHO, 4TO TO, 4T0 npOH30UIJ10, H flOJUKHO 6bIJ10 npOH30HTH 

a HepeajiM30B3Biijaacji B03MO*HocTb - Bpoae 6bi h He 6bma B03Mo*HocTbio! 
Ho peajiH30B3TbCfl MoaceT h He canibiM BepoaTHbiii BapiiaHT pa3BHTna coobi- 
thh, h HaoSopor, He^TO BnojiHe BeposiTHoe mojkct tbk h He onyHHTbCH. He- 
peaflH30B3BuiaHCH B03MOJKHoctb KpoBaBOH HsuHOHajibHOH 6opb6bi h pyc- 
CKoro cenap3TK3Ma b Ka3axcT3He 6buia, bo bchkom oiysae, HHiyrb He MeHb- 
uie, neM peaflH30BaBii]aacH B03MoxHocTb stoto b Mojiaobc H nocjieacTBHfl 
TaKOH BcnbiuiKH cenapaTH3M3 6mjih 6m 3Ha4HTe;ibHO dpauiHee He M b H e 
rpaHHHamen c PoccHew MojiaoBe. 

H EiibUHH, h Ha3ap6aeB cxpeMmincb k aaacTH b cHTyau™ myBoKoro 
couwajibHoro K P H3nca. Ho CKTyauHH, b kotopnx ohm 6opojlKCb 3a BJiacib, 

6bIJlH OHeHb pa3HbIMH. H 3TH pa3JIHHHS npHBOAHJW K60JIU1IHM pa:uiH4H3M B 
MX FlOJIHTHKe H HfleOJlOrMHeCKOft pHTOpHKe. 

4 

To, hto Ka3axcTaH cmop H36erHyib cyiibSbi Mo^obm h 3aKaBKa3CKMx 
pecny6;iHK, - b rpoM^HOH Mepe 3acjiyra Ha3ap6aeBa. H nocKOJibKy KpOBa- 
Baa 6opb6a b Ka3axcTaHe npaKTH4ecKH HeMHHyeMO 03HaHajia 6bi pa3B0panH- 
B3Hne «rorocjiaBCKoro cueHapHsi* c PoccHefi b pojih Cep6HH - 3to ero 3ac;iy- 
rs He TojibKO nepea Ka3axcTaH0M. JlHHHbte HHTepecbt Ha3ap6aeBa, ero 
CTpeMJieHHe k coxpaHeHHio h yKpenjieHHio CBoeft B^acTH nojiHOCTbio coBna- 
aajm c 3aaaneH H36exaHHH stofo cueHapHa, ho cnpaBmbca c Hew einy no- 
MOrjiH npoaBJieHHwe hm He3aypH^Hbie nojiHTHnecKHe aapoBaHHa. Maeojio- 

185 



Amhtpmh QypNiaH ■ __ 

1-nnecKa* h nojiHTHHecKaa nrpa, Koxopyw oh seaex b 3xo B peM«, MO*ex Sbixb 
no noaBy Ha3BaHa GjiecTHiueH. 

Ha 3 ap6aeB cmof HaftxH ipy fl HOflocrH*HMbift 6a*aHC Mexny npoxHBono- 
jioxhhm* nueojionmcKMMH no3nu.HS.MH. Oh npoxHBonocxaBJiaex cboh m- 

HaMH3M, OTK P b,XOCXb HOBOMy, ^OpMaXOpCXBO* - 3aKOCHe,OCTH H pe«- 
WOHHOCTH tolbUIHHClM Ka 3 aXCTaHCKOfl napXHHHOH MITO". Omocmwb- 

ho cjia6bie KaaaxcxaHCKne aewoKpaxbi bhusx b neM He Bpara, a cKopee cokb- 
HHKa h Jiaxe - noKpoBMiejui. W yx bo bcjikom cjtynae - «MeHbiuee 3J.o». B to 
xe BpeMa oh - ruoxb ot hjioth napiHHHOH HOMeHoaxypbi h Bee BpeMH nojx- 
nepKHBaer cboh 3 bojik>umohh3M h ctpe^eHne k cxa6HJibH0CTH, nopsuucy. 
flna HOMeHWiaiypM oh - cboh, HejiOBeK, Koxopbi* HHKoraa He aacx ee na 
DaCTeD3aHHe Tojine, to xe «MeHbiuee 3Jio» 14 . 

Erne TpyflHee 6hjio naiiTH 6ajia H c Meauiy H auHOHaJincxHHecKOH Kasax- 

CKOH PHTOPHKOH H KypCOM Ha «CyBepe H H3aUHK>», KOTOpbie n03BO^K 6b, 

KaaaxcKHM naiiHOHa^cxaM BH fl exb b neM nojiHTHKa, Moxex 6bixb, upeaMep- 
ho ociopoxHoro, ho b KOHenHOM cnexe xo*e cxpeMHiueroca k HesaBHCHMO- 
m SS rocyaapcxBy, c oahoh cxoponu, h P^^^-JST 
^HxepHauHOHanMMOM. h poj.b.0 npnBep*eHi» h 3 amnxHHKa pe<popM H py- 
romcrocH C0K>3a - c apyroft. 3Aecb Ha 3 ap6aeB aeMOHCxpnpyex nopawTeJib- 
"xepcxBO, H H Koria He nepecxynaa Ty xoHKyn) rpanb, 3a kotopoh oh 
mof 6bi nojiHOCTbio noxepaxb noaaepxKy xoft hjih apyroH cxopoHbi. Oh cmof 
nDOHXH 6vKBajibHO «no BOJiocicy Haa nponacxbK>». 

B 1990-1991 r oh - caMbift nonyjwpHbifi hojihxhk b Macmxa6ax Bcero 
CCCP>5 o^HuexBoparoiUHti «30JiOTyso cepe fl HHy» Mexuy paspyuiatoiUHMH 
Coh)3 aeMOKpaxaMH h cenapaxncxaMH „ «xBepao;,o6b.MH» P^^HOHepaMH, 
OTHOcmaibHO npH^ieMufl am xex h apyrax, yAH aicienbHO jiobko 6araHCH- 
owuim Mexay PopeaneBbiM, ero « P eaKUHOHHbiMH» KpHXHKaMH u Ejibw- 
HbiM B HeM BMsn- Haaexay Ha coxpaHenne owoBpeMeHHO h comnoro ro- 
cvaapcTBa, « Kypca Ha /moepa^Hbie papopMbi, h cawocxosTejibHocxH pec- 
nvSjiHK Ho oh npoaBJiaex aocxaxoHHO npenycMOTpuxejibHOCxH, HTo6b, He 
nuxaxbcs 3a Hfl Tb KaKHe-xo onenb mwtTHbie, ho b yciioBKsx nocieneHM.ro 
D a3Bajia CCCP HeycxoHMHBbie h npencxaBJiaiowHe Bee MeHbiue pea^Hon 
B,acx H fl o.)KHOCT H o6u i eco I 03Horo MacuixaGa, noxepae np H 3 xosi mo«t 
6bixb, wenee npecxHxnyio, ho peajibHyro B^acxb b Ka 3 axcxa H ei'. C HHHuy b 
pyKax oh He MeHaex na xypaB^a b He6e. nn rx> u D 

OaKXMoecKH HasapoaeBy yfla^ocb no>KHHaxb njioabi pasBa^a LCCF m b 
KaKOH-xo Mepe, bo3mo*ho, iiaxe ocxopoxno cnoco6cxBOBaxb ero pasnajiy", 
coxpaHHfl n P H 3xom no3nuHio ero sauiHTHHKa h npeacxaB^aa see cboh *en- 
cxbhs, HanpawieHHbie Ha He 3 aB H cHMocxb KasaxcraHa, k & k Bbmy^eHHHe. 
SJieHiwajibHo CMepxejTbHo onacHoe w* Ka 3 axcxaHa pyccKoe nBnaceHne 
npoxHB Ka 3 axcxaHCKOH He 3 aBHCHMOCXH h^h 3a oTjwneHHe pyccKHx o6i,acxeH 
b cmyauHH, Koma Cok)3 pa3 Pyi naeT ca M a Poccm, a ^mztT™W°™- 
wrei Ka3ax CT aHa ; 0Ka3b,BaeTc« paciepxHHbiM H 0^™^ 
aaxcKHH HauHOHaji H 3M nepea jihuom pyccKOH yrposw He Moxex Bb.cxynaxb 

186 



FlocTcoBeTCKMH nojiHTHMecKHH pe«HM Ka3axcraHa 



npoTHB «CBoero» pyKOBOjromyui, octopoxho, ho Bce-raKH Bejiymero CTpa H v 

K He3aBHCHMOCTH. J 

9Ty no3HUHK> «nHTerpaTopa» noCTcoBeTCKoro npocTpaHCTBa Bwcryna- 
iomero c paanHHHMMH MHHUHaiHBaMH o6wywHeHHH, ho Hara^KHBaioiuero- 
ch Ha creny HenoHHMaHKa h HeacejiaHHa co dopoHbi Pocchh, Ha3ap6aeB co- 
xpaHflji h Beet noaieayiomHH nepwoa 18 . B H yT P H KasaxcTaHaeti cooTBeTCTBO- 

Ba^a n03HUH3 3aiUHTHHKa HaUHOHaJIbHbtX MeHbUlMHCTB H paBHOnpaBHfl H3- 

uhh. PesutbHoe yKpenneHHe HesaBHCHMOCTH KasaxcraHa, acecTKoe no/iaBJTe- 
HHe Bcex pyccKHX cenapaTHCTCKHx nonojuHOBeHHfi, ycmieHHe HauHonajib- 
HO-Ka3axcKoro xapaKTepa rocyaapcTBa h HSMeHeHne HauHOHajibHoro cocia- 
Ba ero HacejieHHA 3a chct SMHrpaiwn pyccrax h «pyccKon3bi4Hbix» h penaT- 
pwauHH KaaaxoB H3 fl pyrnx cT P a H - Bee 3to ocymecTBJiajiocb nojj «abiMOByio 
3aBecy» npH3biBOB KapyacSe HapoaoB h peHHterpauHH noCTcoBeTCKoro npo- 
CTpaHCTBa bo niaBe c PoccneC(i?. H coBepmeHHo hcbosmoxho CKasaTb Ha- 
CKOJibKO 3Ta 33Beca cosaaBanacb hm cosHaTejibHO h HacxojibKO saecb aeflcr- 
BOBaji 6ecco3HaTe^bHbiH, ho 6e3omn6o™biii nojiHTHHecKHfi hhcthhkt^. 

5 
npouecc «nepecaflKn b HOBoe Kpecjio* HanHHaeTca b MapTe 1 990 r Kor- 
aa. Ha3ap6aeB, eciecTBeHHO, coxpaHaa 3 a co6oh hoct nepBoro ceKpeiapa 
UK, CTaHOBHTca npeaceaaTejieM TOJibKO hto H36paHHoro Ha ajibTepHaTHB- 
hoh ocHOBe BepxoBHoro CoBeTa. 24 anpejia, cjieflya 3 a oQnieH bojihoh «cy B e- 
peHH3au.HH» h jieMOKpaTH3aunH, BepxoBHbiM CoBeT Ka3axcKofi CCP, npn 
HeKOTOpOM conporaBJieHHH pyccKHX aenyraTOB, KOTopbie «hhcthhkthbho 
CHHTajiH... mo HHCTHTyr npraiweHTCTBa... oraajiHT... pecny6jTHKy ot Mock- 

Bbl**, OflHOBpeMeHHO C JIHKBHflaUHefl KOHCTOTyUMOHHblX nojioxeHHH o «py- 

KOBoaameH h Hanpawijiioneft* pojih KnCC h npHHaraeM npHHunna mho- 
ronapTHHHOCTH, bboaht aojixHocTb npe3H^eHTa. no HOBOMy 3aKOHy npe3H- 

fleHTOM MOr 6bITb TOJibKO H&IlOBeK, B^aaeiOIUHH H pyCCKHM, H Ka3aXCKMM (t e 
4>aKTHHeCKH K333X), OH H36npaeTCfl Ha 5 JICT, H OflHH HeJIOBeK MOr SblTb H3- 

6paH TOJibKO Ha ^a cpoxa. npe3H/ieHT aonxen H36HpaTbca BceHapo/iHO ho 
«b nopanKe hckjiknchhh* nepBbiw pa3 Bbi6opbi ocymecTBjiarorcfl BepxoB- 
HbiM CoBeTOM, KOTopwH, eciecTBeHHO, Tyr xe H36HpaeT Ha3ap6aeBa. (Etuia 
BbWBHHyTa h a^bTepHaTHBHaa KaHaHjiarypa - noaTa h oSuzecTBeHHoro iiea- 
xejifl 0. CyjiefiMeHOBa, ho tot cboio KatmnaaTypy chhji.) 25 oKTflgpJi 1990 r. 
BepxoBHbiM CoBeT Ka3axcTaHa npHHHMaeTHeioiapaunio ocyBepeHHTere 

ABrycTOBCKMii ny™ TKM n ycKopaex pa3Bajt Coraa. FlpaKTHiecKH Heco- 
MHeHHo, mo b TpeBoxHbie aBrycTOBCKHe ma Ha3ap6aeB BbixHAaji, kto no- 
6eAHT. 3aHJiTaa hm b npeaujecTByioiMHH nepHoa «ueHTpKCTCKaji» no3nuHfl h 
BbixwjiaTejibHafl n03nuna b ahh nyma no3BOJifl^n eiviy, b 3aBHCHMOCTH ot hc- 
xoaa cm-yam™, npeacTaTb 3aTeM ma TBepjibiM 3auiHTHHKOM Coio3a h zm- 
HOMbiujjieHHHKOM «r3Ka4enncTOB», npeaynpeauxaBiiiHM Top6a4eBa, mto ero 
jiH6epaflH3M jio ao6pa He aoBeaeT, hjih nyTb m He cnoiiBn>KHHKOM EjibuHHa. 
Bo Bpeina nyrsa c ocyxmeHHeM TKM n, KaK 3to caejian A. AicaeB b Khpth3hh, 

187 



flMMTpnii fypMaH . 

Sa* »a JceaaHHH BepxosHoro CoBexa Ka 3 axcxa H a 26 ^^1991 ^ Ha- 
SmoaeB roBopHT hto 3 to hmchho oh npeflOTupamji uixypM Bejioro fl OMa, m 
S.^SS«iHB 5lHae B y h *30 B y h cKa 3 aB hm, hto sxox uixypM Gu. 6m 
nDecTvnjieHHeM. «Bhhhmo, nofleviCTBOBajio» 23 . 

Uwwi nyrsa pe 3K o ycHJi^ B*acxb Ha 3 a P 6aeBa, ksk h Bcex py K OBO flH - 
Te^eftpec^K. Haaapkesy xenepb y*e mo*ho 6^0 npa- = He 
c^TaxL c coxpaHaiouWM Ji«mb HOMHHmny.0 h np H 3 P aH H yK> men, co- 
ShM pyKOBOflCTBOM. Oh MOP H 3 6aBHXbC« ot MemaBiiiHX eMy <<na P XHHHb x 
to^SSLm^ h 0il HOB P eMeHHO BbicxynHTb b pom hx *e cnacHte,* 

oT irr H rrcr 3 T P r „ ^ n**™™ . -- 

Kpecjro* (h KOHCTpy H po B aHH fl 3Toro « HO Boro Kpeca») naro^""* ££ 
3tom «c)KHraK,TC fl , ocTaTKH «cxaporo K P ec,a». B ceHTJl5 P e ^ 9 I n r H "P^ 
flH T 18-ft BHeonepeflHOH cttzn. KO Ka 3 axc T a H a, na koto P om npHHHMaerca 
pew L ca« JUwauim .amnapmiH h co» ™^™££b 
naMeHTCKoroTHna* - CounajiHCxmecKOH napxm KasaxcxaHa. HasapoaeB, 
2SS b HosyK, napx™ He Bcxynaex. Em Y , Ka* h tany b Pocc.h, ne *e- 
« cowxb H B0 3 r,aBMTb napT Hl o Ha ochobc *™^™^£ 

chh» h 3 a fl B H BmeMy ce6e KaK «npe3HfleHxe Bcex pocchsh* He xoHerca 
. cs^Baxb ce6* c napxne*, Koxopas Mor„a 6b, "^ °^^S* 

pyK H twice 6oJiee nMnoHH P yex paw «npe3H fl eHxa Bcex KasaxcraHueB* . 

BpeMa cosjiaHHa npeawHraiiH napx H H, ho y*e ™*<^™™*^ 

M aHHbix», cowaBaeMbix Ha ocHOBe «BJiacxHb.x Bepxn K aj,e H », k b Ka 3 axcxa H e, 

H B HpTu- : e "noHx« saBep.en. Ho hoboc K pec,o ny* ho cpo.H 
yKpenL B ce H apo fl HHM H3 6paHHe M : H 3 6 P a HH e ^™™Z™^2l™'o 
Bbix ycjiOBHHX yxe HeaocxaxoMHO, h Ha 3 ap6aeB He mof aonycrvrrb, sxo6b, ero 
Sli .erHTHMHOH, 4eM B,acxb H3 6 P aHHoro Bce H apo fl Hb,M ro- 

jiocoBaHHeM EflbUHHa. „.„„„„„,, 1 ™ 

nepBbie BceHapoaHbie Bb.6o P bi npeaHfleHTa Ka3axcxaHa cocrojuincb Ue- 
K a6pfl 1991 r H b xo fl e noaroTOBKH k Bb,6opaM yxe BMHBiwHCb ocHOBHbie 
™ HOBoro pe* H Ma, commerces, KaK h eiibUHHCKHfi pe*HM b Pocchh, 

KaK peXHM JIHHHOH BflaCTH. B KOTOpOM npaBOBbie «»<^ " "^J^ 

h>tc 3 oxnacxH HHCxpyMenxaMH, OT^acT I l npuKpbixHeM, h cneuH*HHCCKoro 
Ha 3 ap6aeBCKoro «cxm,«», o.eHb OT.H.Horo ox ctm,h hm ny.bCHBHoro En«w- 
H a Ha3ap6aeB - 3HaHMxej.bH0 xHxpee H ocxo P o>KHee E^bUHHa h sceraa npe fl - 
noMHTaCTfleftcrBOBaTb «HyxHMH pyKaMH», ociaBaHCb k 3 k 6bi b cxopoHe 

Peiumumfl BbUBHHyrb cboio KaHflHsaxypy - «e cxoJibKo b hshot Ha 
no6 eW , CKonbKO ana npnaaHHa Bbi6opaM aJibxepHaxHBHoro xapawcpa (u 
nDHOopexeHHS) H 3BecTH0cxH) - Ka 3 axcKHH flHccujieHx h mm . napxHH «>Ke^- 
rcaS Ko.axMexoB ( Bnoce^cxBHH - Kaaa-AxMtr) ne 6- = « 
BbiSopaM UeHxpajibHOft H3 6npaTejTbHOH komhcchh, Oh « e ^^* ™ 
jioxbhhux 100 000 nwui«oefl b noMep^Ky CBoeH Kawwffinypbi (rpoMattHaj. 

188 



nocTCOBeTCKHH noflHTHHecKHM p oKKM Ka3axaaHa 

UH(J>pa HeoGxojiHMbix jma bi>uibhx£h>mi noariHcefi Sbuia ycTaHOB^ena neco- 
MHeHHo, Tro6bi noMemaTb Bb W Bn»ceHHio anbTepHaTHBHbix Ha3ap6ae B 'y Ka H - 
mj&tob). n P H 3tom UJ1K oQHapyxmia b ero KaMnaHHH no c6opy nomme* 
HapyuieHHa h yrpoxa™ e M y cy fl e6HbiM npecjieaoBaHHeM, a bo B P e M a mhjih- 
ueHCKoro penaa M3 ero uiTa6-KBapTnpbi 6bijm noxHujeHbi jihcth c 40 000 noa- 
nucen. HaaapQaes nepes npecc-oiyxSy cae^aji cneiwajibHoe aa^eHMe o 

TOM, HTO OH KfleHCTBHSM MHJIHUHH He HMeeT HHKaKOTO OTHOUieHHJ^ 

B Bw6opax 1 a eica6pa 1991 r. yqaciByer 88,23% mtopaTtjitii, 3a Ha 3 ap- 
Gaesa rojiocyei 98,78%, npoTHB - 1 ,22%28. M xot» na 3 thx Bb.6opax oTcyiCT- 
Bomura flaxe cpopMajibHaa ajibTepHaTHBa, b uejioM 3 th oriole «co B eTCKHe» 
umppu, oneBHflHo, Bee ace OTpaxajiH peajibHocTb. Ha 3 ap6aeB b 3-to BpeMa 
HecoMHeHHo, ojiHueTBopaji «paBHoaeHCTByioujyK)» ca M bix nporaBonojiox- 
hhx no cbohm crpeMjieHHHM chji KaaaxcraHCKoro oSmecTBa, una B cex oh 6bw 

eCJIM He «il06pOM», TO «HaHMeHbUIHM 3J10M». 

BbiSopbi npesHflema KaaaxcTaHa npon3omjiH 3a Heaejiioflo coraauieHHfi 
o JiHKBHaauHH CCCP, saioiroqeHHwx b Be^OBexcKOfi nyme (BucKwiax) 
JeHCTBya b cbocm ctwie, Ha 3 ap6aeB b BucKyjiH k oxjubbiijhm era EjibUHHy' 
KpaB^yxy h UJyuiKeBHHy He noexaji. KaK bchomhheui C.IHymiceBHH «oh 
H3baBHJi xejiaHHe cpasy xe npHexaTb. Ho hotom cooiajics Ha aojiryio 3 a- 
npaBKy caMOJieia, itotom, hto no3 fl Ho...».2? 3to nosBonmio e M y H3 6e*aTb po- 
m «Mor HJ ibmHKa CCCP* k BnocneacTBHii o&MCHaib 3K0H0Mnqecraie 6eabr 
KaaaxcTaHa «pa 3 flejioM icoraa-TO exwHoro rocy fl apcTBa», b koto P om oh hcbh- 
HOBeH. («3to CBepuimiocb noMHMO Ka3axCT3Ha, h HauieK bhhu 3,aecb 
HeT>>30). 3aro 3a T eM HasapSaee cwrpaji peiuaromyio pojib b npeBpaweHM 
CHI K3 opraHn 3 aunH Tpex cjiaBaHCKnx b opraHH3aunio ojMHiuuma™ pec- 
ny6jin K Sbmuiero CCCP, hto npoHsouuio H a coBemaHHK b MMa-ATe 2! ne- 
Ka6pa 1991 r. 

l6/tesca6pa 1991 r., nooieaHeft H3 BcexcoBeTCKHxpecny6;iHK KasaxcraH 
oSmbmct o CBoeii HesaBHCHMocTH. B HOBorxwHeM noc^HHH K Hapoay craB- 
ujhh npesHaeHTOM HOBoro HeaaBHCHMoro rocyaapcTBa HasapQaeB roBopm- 
«Bu 3Hae T e, ckojimco ycH^wfj MHe npnuijioch npmioxHTb, na KaKHe KOMnpo- 
mhccm hath, hto6m HeiionycTHTb pa3Bajia dpaHbi^i. 

C fleica6pa 1991 r. mm MoxeM roBopHTb KaK o noasjieHHH HesaBHCHMOft 
Pecny6jiH K w KasaxcTaH ( HO Boe Ha 3 BaHne 6buio npHHHTO 10 aeKaopa) T a K h 
o B03HKKHOBeHH H b Ka 3 axcTa H e HOBoro pexHMa, pexHMa jimmhoh Macra 
npesHAema, He CKOBaHHoro hh noflHHHeHMeM Mockbc, hh npHHajuTexHOc- 

TbK> K KaKOH-J]H60 OCpHUHajIbHOH HfleOJIOrHH K OapTHH, HH ((paKTHHeCKH) 

KOHCTHTyuneii h 3a K OHaMH, KOTopwe ycTaHaBJiHBaioTca h MeHafOTCfl no M e- 
pe HaaoSHOCTH hm c3mhm 32 . 

6 

E^bUHH h Ha3ap6aeB npHm^iH k BJiac™ pa3HMMH nyraMH h b oneHb pa3- 
hmx oBwecTBax. TeM He MeHee pexcHMu, co3^aHHbie hmh, - oflHaranHu. 

189 



JlMHTpHH OypniaH - 

M 3Ta onHOTHnHocTb CBH3aHa, HecoMHeHHO, c onpeae^eHHbiM cxoactbom h 
o6mecTB Ka3axcTaHa h Pocchh, h hx caMHx. 

H EnbUHH h Ha3ap6aeB - nopoxuieHHa no3flHecoBeTCKOH HOMeHKJiaTy- 
pbi yate flaBHo' H e oTHOCHBUieHca cepbesno k oKoaeHeBiuHM novum MapK- 
chctcko-^hhhckoh HaeoJion™, b rnySmt ayuiH ctpeMHBiiieHca ocbo6o- 
AHTbca ot cKOBbTBaiomeH ee napTHfiHOH aHCUHruiMHbi, saBHAOBaBUieM 3anaa- 
hoh 3Jime h o6jiaaaBiueH rpoManHOH HaeojiornHecKOH npncnoco6JiaeMoc- 
ibio 3Ta roTOBHOCTb coBercKOH 3JinTbi CMeHHTb HAeojiornqecKHe «ofleayxbi» 
o6jierMHJia pacnaa coBCTCKoro crpoa h CCCP h caejiajia peBOJiiouwo 1991 r. 
OTHOCHTejibHo 6ecK P oBHOH. QopMinbHoe npMHATHe coBeTCKOH s-jihtoh ae- 
MOKpaTHiecKon h «pbiHOMHOH» HfleoJiorHH npoHsowjio c yflHBHTejibHOH jier- 

KOCTbK). HO HMeHHO B 3T0H JierKOCTH TaHJiacb «jioByuiKa». 

Ta aeMOKpaTHMecKasj HAeoJiorHa, KOTopyto npHHsma coBeicKaa sjinta, b 
tom HHCJie EjibUHH h Ha 3 ap6aeB, 6biJia He pea/ibHOH aeMOKpaTHHecKOH 
HaeoJioraeH, a «Ka P HKaTypOH». ripeacTaBJieHHa hx o <pyHKUHOHH P OBaHHH 
sanaaHoro THna o6mecTB 6buiH b 3HaHHTeiibHOH Mepe c<popMHpoBaHbi cobct- 
ckoh nponaraHAOH, pa 3 o6aa4aBUjeH «6ypxya3HyK>» h «JiKue M epHyio» cym- 
HocxbsanMHbixfleMOKpaTHH. HaaapSaeB, nanpuMep, MorcKasaTb: «TeMHxe 
«tocto» aeMOKpaTHHecKHMH cTpaHaMH 3anajia, cMero Bac saBepmb, ynpaB- 
J13.0T OJwrapxHH... A HeaaBHO npoMea, hto b CUJA ao 1928 r. <pepMe P b< He 
hmwih npaBa rojioca»». B BbicryruieHHH Ha yspeaHtejibHOH KOH^epeHUHH 
'Coiosa npoMbiuuieHHHKOB h npeflnpHHUMaTejieii oh fobopht: «B 6yayweM 
BJiacTb aojiJKHa nepefi™ k co6cTBeHHHKaM»*. Hpn TaKOM noHHMaHHH ae- 
M0KpaTH4ecK0ft naeojiorHH ee npHHJiTHe SojibiuoH npo6jieMbi He npeacTaB- 
aajio - c caMoro Hanajia OHa noHHMajiacb KaK npHHaTaa b coBpeMeHHOM mh- 
pe b «BbicmeM o6uxecTBe» sanaaHbix npaBHieaeH 4>opMa, KOTOpaa no3Boaa- 
CT npHHTH k B/iacTH inn coxpaHHTb BJiacTb, npnaaB eft Heo6xoAHMyro Jiern- 
THMHOCTb h P ecneKTa6e*bHocTb. A n*ea puHica h MaciHofl coScTBeHHOCTH, 
Bbi3biBaiomafl o6pa3bi «K P acHBOH xh 3 hh» sanaaHbix MiuuiHOHepoB, BU3UBa- 
ct y hhx aaace caMbiw hckpchhhm 3HTy3na3M. 

JierKOCTH MiieoJiorHHecKOfi TpaHCtpopMauvm H3 KOMMyHHCTOB b aeMo- 
KpaTbi cooTBeTCTBOBajia Ta «neneocn.», c KOTopofl h EjibUHH, m HaapCaeB 

OTHOCMJIHCb K fipaBOBblM fleMOKpaTHHeCKHM ueHHOCTflM H HHCTfflyiaM. Jlw- 

m 6e3 oco6bix ayuieBHbix MyK paaHKaabHo cMeHHBiune Hfleojioraio (h aaxe 
rocyaapcTBo), H e mopjih c oco6biM nHexeTOM oTHOCHTbca K KOHCTHxyuHaM h 
3aKOHaM : KOTOpbie, B KOHUe kohuob, ohh xe caMH H C03flaBaJlH, h KOTopbie, 
KaK ohh SbUiH yCesKflCHH, h Ha 3anajie aBJiarorca AHUJb $o P moh. H EjibUHH, 
h Ha3ap6aeB npHiiuiH k BJiacTH He ana toto, mto6h paaw co6jiK)fleHHa KaKHX- 
*h6o «a6cT P aKTHbix» npHHUHnoB h ho P m 3Ty BJiacTb oraaBaTb. H 06a ohh 
BCTaioT Ha nytb npeBpaweHHa CBoen BJiacTH b «6e3anbTe P HaTHB H yio» h eibto- 
PHTapHyio Hcnojibsya aeMOKpaTHHecKyio *opMy KaK «KaMy4)jiaac». nytb, 
KOTopbiii no Mepe tofo KaK H a K anJiHBaiOTca HewsSexHbie Ha HeM pa3Horo 
poaa npecTynjreHna, craHOBHica juia hhx eOTHCTBeHHO bosmoxhhm, ajib- 

190 



riocTCOBeTCKMM iKwiHTHHecKHH pe*HM Ka3axcTaHa 



TepHaTHBa KOTopoMy - yxe He npodo noiepjj ejiacra, a BnojiHe BeposiHbie 
cyaeDHbie npecneaoBaHHa, pa3opeHHe h npodo mfcsibX. 

H 06a ohh HMeioT ae/io c o6mecTBaMH, Korapbie npeflocTaujiariH hm bo3- 
MOXHOCTb co3Aaib TaKHe «6e3ajibTepHaTHBHbie» chctcmm. 

npw Bcex oHeBHttHbix h My6oKMX pasjiMHwax, b paae acneicroB pocchh- 

CKOe h K33aXCTaHCKOe 06meCXBa 6bIJIH OHeHb CX0XH. 3p03HH KOMMyHHCTH- 

HecKOH HueononiH He 03H3Ha;ia, hto elt Ha cMeny npHimia KaKaa-ro HHaa ch- 
cxeMa 6a30Bbix npanomx h ztMOKpaTmecmx ueHHOCTen, cnoco6Haa o6i>e- 
aHHHTb o6mecTBa. TaKOfi KOHceHcyc BOKpyr 6a30Bbix AeMoxparaMecKHx 
npHHUHnoB b CCCP cymecTBOBaji TOJibKo cpe flH TmyjibHHx Ha W H crpaH 
bajiTHH. To, hto npn pacnaae KOMMyHHcranecKOH chctcmm b Haumx o6me- 
CTBax 6buiH npoBosrjiameHbi aeMOKpaTHHecKHe h pbiHOHHbie npHHunnbt 

BbUTO CB333HO C TOCnOilCTBOM 3THX npHHUHnOB B MHpe, OTCyTCTBHeM HM Ka- 

kom-jih6o cepbe3HOH HaeHHOH ajibTepHaTHBbi h c TeM, hto ohh cjiyxma k&- 
My(j)JiaaceM CTpeMjieHHaM npaBamnx KpyroB k co6cTBeHHOc™ h cBo6oae ot 
orpaHHHeHHH, HaioiaabiBaeMbix KOMMyHHCTHHecKMHH HfleojioraeH h cHcre- 

MOft, a He CfleHCTBHTejlbHblM npHHJITHeM HX <HJ1H X0T3 6M nOHHMaHHeM TO- 
rO, B IBM OHH 3aO104aK)TCH) 60JlbIUHHCTB0M pOCCHHH H Ka3axcraimeB. 

Haxe b JiH6epajibHOM amrrapHOM MeHbiiiHHCTBe, aeflcTBHTejibHO crpe- 
MHBiueMcs k BocnpoH3BeAeHHK> sananHbix ueHHOdeii h cpopiu xh3hh cywe- 
ciBOBajiH caMbie npHHymiHBbie npeACTaBJieHHa 06 hx npHpoae h nyTax k 
hhm BeaymHM. Taic, KoaoccaabHyio pojib h cpeAH pocchhckhx, h cpeflH Ka- 
3axcTaHCKHXfleMOKpaTOB wrpajia wiea, hto phhok h nacTHaa co6cTBeHHOCTb 
aBJiaioTCfl «6a3HC0M» oSmeciBa, a aeMOKpaTHa h npaBo - «h<uctpohkok» H3 
nero BbireicaeT, hto bhojihc mojkho aBTopHTapHbiMH MexoaaMH ( KaK FIhho- 
neT h CTonwnHH) nrnjipmb pbiHOK, co3aaBaa «6a3nc», k KOTopoMy hotom 
caivia co6oh npmioxHTca AeMOKpaTHHecKaa HaacTpofiKa { nepesepHyTaa c 
hop Ha rojiOBy MapiccHCTCKaa cxeMa)*. 

npo 6ojibuiMHCTBo *e h pyccKoro, h Ka3axcKoro HapoaOB B006iue neJlb- 
ss CKaaajb, hto6m oho CTpeMHJiocb k aeMOKpaTMH, pwHKy h jinKBHaauHH 
CCCP. Bee Han6ojiee BaxHbie pemeHHa, onpenejiHBuiHe cyabSy HauiHx Ha- 
Potob h MMeBuiwe KpaHHe 6o^e3HeHHbiemia hhx cjieacTBHs, 6mjih npHHa™ 
6e3 ynacTHH 3thx H apoao B h aaace npaMO nporaB mx bojih, «c B ajiwiHCb mm Ha 
rojiOBbi». 

Hh Poccna, hh Ka3axcTaH He hmcjih npaKTHnecKH HHKaKoro onbtTaae- 
MOKpaTHHecKoro caMoynpaB^eHHa (ec^H Poccwa h HMejia TaKOH oomt c <pe- 
Bpaaa no OKTa6 P b 1 9 1 7 r. , to 3to - TpaBMaTHnecKHfi onbiT, B03MOXHOCTb no- 
BTopeHHa KOTpporo b Hanajie 90-x rr. 6buia KOiiiMapoM, npecjieaoBaBiuHM 
poccHHCKoe o6mecTBo)3?. A KasaxcTan eme h He mmcji HHKaKoro onbiTa xh3- 
hh b KanecTBe He3aBHCHMoro rocyaapcTBa cQBpe M eHHoro rnna. Ecjih Hapo- 
flu cxpaH UeHTpajibHOM EBponw, k kotophm KOMMy H K3M npMiuea b mm 

BTOpOH MHPOBOH BOHHbl BMeCTe C CoBeTCKOH ApMHeft, MOrjIH BOCnpHHH- 

MaTb ero naaeHwe KaK B03BpameHHe k «HopMe», k HCKycciseHHO npepBaHHo- 
My pasBHTHK), to Hapoabi Ka3axcTaHa h Pocchh 0Ka3ajiHCb b cHTyauwH ho- 

191 



flMMTpHM OypM3H 

boh h eecnpeueaeHTHOH. TaKaa CHTyauna He Moraa 6bi He nyraib jnoneMa- 
xe ecjiH 6bi OHa cjioacuJiacb b peayjibTare hx co3HaTejibHoro peine™*. TeM 
6ojiee OHa 6buia nyraiomeft jwa Jiioaefl, KOTOpue 0Ka3aJiHCb b Hew He no cbo- 
eft BOJie, a Aaxe HenoHaTHO no HbeH. 

To hto pacnaa CCCP h npoEOsmauieHHe He3aBHCHMOc™ He 6mjih hh b 
Pocchh hh b Ka3axdaHe pe3yjibTaTOM oSmeHauwoHaJibHoro KOHceHcyca, 
bhaho yxe «3 pecpe P eH fl yMa o cy fl b6e CCCP 1991 r. Ho HHKaKoro KOHceHcy- 
ca He cnoaawocb h noaxe. To, hto am poccHHCKoro co3H3hhh pacnaa cccr 
CTa^ HauHOHajibHOHTpaBMOH, He HyjKnaeTCa BaoKa3aTejibCTBax. Ho h b Ka- 
saxaaHe H e 6biJio HHKaKoii Bceo6meH paaocxH no noBoay HesaBHCHMOc™. 
B 1994 r TOJibKo 14,4% ica3axoB cHHTajm, hto pacnaa CCCP 6bui nojie3eH 
(KasaxcxaHCKHX pyccKHX - 5, 2%), 21,3% cHHTa™, hto oh 6mji crapee noJie- 
kh, ne M B P e A eH (pyccKHx - 8,9%) , 27% (pyccKHX -24,4%) - hto CKopee 
BpeaeH h 18,8% - hto BpeaeH (pyccKHX - 50,6%)* . TaKHM o6pa30M, flaace 
juih SojibiiiHHCTBa KasaxoB, He roBOpa yxe o icasaxcTaHCKHx pyccKHX, caMO 
cyiuecTBOBaHHe HesaBHCHMoro KaaaxcxaHa OTHioflb He 6buio HenpejioxHOH 
H caMOoneBHAHOH ueHHOCTbio. B 1998 r. ooshthbho ouenHBa™ neMB» 
MOCTb TOJIbKO 58% K33aX0B M 21% pyccKHX, HeraTHBHO - 22% H 52%. im 
Bcex onpouieHHbix 6buiH 3a o6T>eflHHeHMe c PoccHen, 29% - sa o&wywHeHne 
b paMKax CHr, 16% - sa B03BpaweHne CCCP, 14% - aa HesaBHCHMoe rocy- 

^apCTBO BHe paMOK C01O30B H 10% - 33 COI03 CTpaH UeHTpMbHOfi I A3HH. Ha 

Bonpoc «KaKOH pexHM 6yaeT b Hanajie Tpeibero TbtcaHejie™a?» 28% onpo- 
uieHHbix b 1998 r. Ka3axcTaHueB oTBeTHJiH - «xaoc», 26% - «fleM0Kpa™a», 
1 6% - «pexHM cHJibHoii pyKH» h 5% - «coBeTCKaa anacTb»». 

3to nojiHoe OTcyrcTBHe KOHceHcyca npH BbicoKOM HaKajie CTpacxeR, ko- 
j l0 ccajibHOM pasjipaaceHHH HacejieHHa coneraeTca c KpaftHew aTOMHSiipoBaH- 

HOCTbK) 06lUeCTBa H S^eKTHHHOCTbK) H Jia6HJlbHOCTbIO nOJIHTHHeCKHX 

BsrjiaaoB. PasjiHHHbie nojiMranecKHe hoshuhh jierKO nepexoiiaT b npOTHBO- 
nojiCBKHbie h coneTawTca c npoTHBonojioxHbiMH. TaKHe npe fl ejibHo pa3o6- 
meHHbie, aTOMH3HpoBa H Hbie h HanyraHHbie cBaJiHBiuHMHca Ha hkx HeoxH- 
ashhumh h paaHKajibHbiMH nepeMeHaMH o6mecTBa 6oaTca caMH ce6a, cbo- 
hx aHapxHiecKHX noTeHUHH h ncuxojiorHHecKn Hyxmuorcji b «TBepaoH py- 
K e». CaMoe rjiaBHoe hx cTpeMJieHHe - 3to c T peMJieHHe He BaxHo k KaKOMy, 

ho «nopaflKy». 

Mbi yxe BnaejiH, hto Han6oJiee BepoaTHbiM b SyaymeM jcasaxaaHCKHM 
pe^HMOM KasaxcraHUbi Hasbmajm «xaoo, to, nero ohh Sojibuie Bcero 6oa- 
^HCb A Ha Bonpoc, KaKaa CHCTeMa cnocoSHa peuiHTb npo&ieMM Ka3axcraH- 

CKOrO 06[UeCTBa, 4,4% OTBeTHJIH - «KOMMyHH3M», 7,3% - «COUHaJlH3M»>, 

5 9% _ «KanHTajTH3M», 2,3% - «HCJiaM», 8,8% - « fl eMOKpaTHfl sanaflHoroTH- 
na»> h 56,9% - «JiK)6aa, jiwuib 6h 6hji nopHflOK»"°. Pocchhckhc onpocti tok- 
xe aeMOHCTpHpyioTflOMHHHpyiomyio ueHHOCTb «nopaflKa». Pocchhckhh on- 
poc 1991 r noKa3a^, hto npw Bbi6ope Mexay pa3JiHHHHMH «rjiaBHbiMH 3aaa- 
naMH» cTpaHbi «coxpaHe H He nopa fl Ka b c T paHe» Bbi6paJiH KaKcaMyro nep B o- 
cxeneHHyio saaany 57% onpouieHHbix, KaK saaany BTopyio no SHaneHHio - 

192 



nocTcoeeTCKHH nojinTHHecnn ti pewnni Ka3axaaHa 

22%, «npeaocTaBJie H ne Hapoay bosmoxhocth 6ojibiue BJimn Ha BaxHbie pe- 
uieHHfl npaBMTejibCTBa* kbk nepBOCTeneHHyio 3ana<iy B bi6paji H 24% K aK bto 
pyro no 3HaHeHHK> - 23%, «6o P b6y c pociOM ue H » - 14 h 36% h ^arnrny cbo- 
6o fl bi C JiOBa» 2 h 1 1 %. npowaeHHHfl qepea 1 1 jiex onpoc 2002 r noicasa* mto 
HHMero npHHUHnHanbHo He n3MeHHjiocb. «Coxpa H eHHe nopa^a b cTpaHe» 
BM6pajiH K a K nepBOcxeneHHyfo 3a fl a4y 59%, khk BTopyio no anaieKHK) - 
24%, wpeflociaBJieHHe Hapoay bosmoxhocth 6o/ibiue BJiHaTb Ha BaxHue D e- 
meHHs npauHTejTbCTBa» - 14 h 22%, «6o P b6y c pocroM ue H » - 23 h 42% h 
«3ammy cboSohm cjioBa» - 2 a 7%<i. 

CucTeMa ueHHOCTefi, b kotopoh ueHHOcn, «nopMKa» aoMHHHpyeT Haa 
BceiwH apyrHMH, - MaearibHaa ana nocTpoeHwa o6ecneiHBaiomero stot xe- 
^aHHbifi «nopaaoK» aBiopHTapHoro pexHMa. 

H EjibUHH, h Ha3ap6aeB hmcjih, raKHM o6pa30M, aejio c «iejiOBe4ecKHM 
MaTepnajiOM*, «BbuiennTb» h 3 KOToporo pexHMbi, oSecneMHBawmHe hx He- 
CMeHflewocTb, Shjio saaaien, pasyMeercs, TpyflHoft, ho BmwiHe peajmsyeMOH. 

7 
OraB npe3HfleHTaMM h CTpeMacb yKpenHTb cbok> BJiacTb h caejiaxb ee 
«6e3ajibTe P HaTHBHOH», h EjibUHH, h Ha3ap6ae B ciajiKHBaioTca co cxoxhmh 
npo6jieMaMH. 

flpexae Bcero, hm Haao npeoao/ieTb conporaiyieHHe napjiaMeHTOB 

M POCCHHCKHH H Ka 3 aXCTaHCKHH napjiaMCHTbl - 3T0 napjiaMeHTH, KOTOpbIM 

tJibUHH h Ha3ap6aeB 6biJiH oGasaHbi cbohm B03BbiuieHHeM. Pocckhckhh 
napjiaMeHTH36pa^ EnMWHacBOHM npeaceaaTejieM, a Ka3axcTaHCKHH Ha3ap- 
6ae B a - CHanajia npeaceaaTejieM, a 3aTe M npoHaeHTOM. Te M He Me H ee koh- 
(Pjihkt npe3nj;eHT0B h napjiaMeHTOB 6bm HeH36exeH. 

npexae Bcero, Bbi6opbi HapoflHwx aenyraroB PCOCP h iienyTaTOB Bep- 
xobhofo CoBeia KasaxcxaHa b Mapie 1990 r. npoxoatuiH b joobiwx ae M o- 
K P aTH4ecKoro nomcMa h Gwm caMbiMH CBo5oflHbiMH (HecMOTpa H a to hto 
b KasaxdaHe 6wjio BOcnpoH3Be.neHO npHHaToe Ha cokbhom ypoBHe npea- 
CTaBHtejibCTBO «o6uiecTBe H Hbix opraHH3auHM») h wcthhmh BbiSopaMH b 
hctophh 3THX4Byx rocyaapcTB. (Ecjih He roBopHTb o Bbi6opax b YHpeOTTejib- 
Hoe co6paHne b 1917 r.) 3to aroajio Ha ncHxojiorHio aenyraTOB GojibuiHH- 
ctbo kotophx noSeanjin b oc T poii 6o P b6e c KOHKypeHTaMH h aencTBHTejibHO 
omytuajw ce6a «HapoaHbiMH H36paHHHKa M H». He caepxHBaeMbie napTHfl- 
HbiMH AHCUHruiMHaMH, HMeiomHe TaKoe xe sioieKTHHHoe, HecTpyKTypHpo- 
BaHHoe h pasflpaxeHHoe cosHanHe h rasoe xe HH3Koe npaB0co3Ha H He KaK h 
H36paBUiHe hx HapoflH, aenyra™ npeacTaBJiajiH co6ofi HeKOHTpojiHpyeMyio 
h 3MouHOHaabHyio Maccy. 

nojioxeHHe ycyry6;iaaocb TeM, ^to h b Pocchh, h b KasaxcraHe aeHCT- 
BOBajiH cTapbie coBeTCKne KOHCTHtyuHH, HenpHroaHbie mix hobhx ycaoBHft 
h nocTeneHHOflonojiHaeMHepa3JiHiHUMn npoTMBopenHBbiMH nonpaBKaMM 
CyuxecTBOBajia BceoSmaa y6eameHH0CTb, mo npHHaTHe hobhx KOHCTHTy- 
uhh Heo6xoflHMO, h eute A0 pacnaaa CCCP b o6e MX crpaHax Hanaxiacb pa6o- 

193 



flMMTpHH $ypMaH 



Ta no noflroTOBKe hobmx KOHCTHTyuHM. B K.a3axctaHe komhcchs no n<wo- 

TOBKe HOBOfi KOHCTHTyUHH, KOTOpyiO nOUie CBOerO H36paHHJI JTpe3HfleHT0M 

B03rjiaBHJi caM Ha3ap6aeB, 6bma C03naHa BepxoBHHM Cobctom b jieKaSpe 
1990 r. EcrecTBeHHO, hto nojiroTOBKa KOHCTHTyuHM ycyry6jisjia npOTHBope- 
MHfl Meacay bctbsmh BJiacrn. 

Bopt6a npe3HjieHTOB h napjiaMeHTOB oxecroHaeTca BCJieacreHe ikwiho- 
ro oTcyrcTBHS b o6mecTBe npHBbweK K KOHCTHTyuHOHanH3My h pa3fle;ieHHio 
BJiacTefl (h aaace oTcyTCTBHfl noHHMaHHa, hto sto TaKoe) a TOTaJibHbix npe- 
tch3hh KaK HcnoJiHHtejibHOH, TaK h 3aKOHOflaTejibHOH BJiactH. npe3naeHTbi 
npH 3tom modih onwpaTbca Ha ctapue npHBbRKH o6mecTB k enHHOB^acTHro, 
Ha HCTopHHecKHe TpajiHUHH caMOaepacaBHa h BJiacra cobctckhx bokuch, a b 
Ka3axcTaHe (b MeHbiuefi Mepe) - Ha aBTopHTapHbie acne*™ BJiactH xaHOB«. 
Ohh Momn onnpaibca Ha HapoaHue CTpaxn xaoca h aHapxim, k KOTopbiM 
MoaceT npHBecTH aeMOKpatHa, oco6eHHO b yoiOBHax ocTporo couHajibHoro h 
3KOHOMHHecKoro KpH3Hca«, Ha CTpeNUieHHe k «nopaflKy», kotophh b co3Ha- 
hhh poccHficKoro h Ka3axcrraHCKoro HapoflOB npaKTHMecKH He oTOejiaeTca ot 
eflHHOHaHajiHfl 44 , Ha Haew jieMOKpaTOB o Heo6xoflHMOcTH CHanajia 3ajioxHTb 
«6a3HC» b BHAe phhohhom skohomhkh h «cpeaHero KJiacca», a yxte noTOM ay- 
MaTb o aeMOKpaTHn«. 

Ho h BepxoBHbie CoBeibi b cbohx npeieH3Hax ormpajmcb Ha othoch- 
TejibHO MomHyw wieHHyio 6a3y. H rop6a<ieBCKne pe<popMbi, h 6opb6a panH- 
KajioB-aeMOKpaTOB c cokwhom BJiacTbio liiJiH now jio3yHroM ,aeMOKpaTH3a- 
uhh, B03BpameHHa BJiactH ot napTHHHoro annapaTa Hapoay. M He npocTO 
Hapcuiy, a HMeHHO CoBeiaM, nojiHOMO<™ kotopmx b nepecTpoeiHyw 3noxy 
HeymiOHHo pacumpsuiHCb. Maea B03BpameHHa BJiacra CoBeTaM no3BOJuuia 
jiH6epa^bHbiM h fleMOKpaTHHecKHM cHJiaM ycraHaBJiHBaTb cHMBOJTHHecKyro 
CBa3b c peBOJHOUHeft 1917 r.HC caKpiUbHOM cobctckoh chmbojihkoh («Bca 
BJiacib CoBeiaM!»)«. rTo3TOMy h b pocchhckom, h b Ka3axcTaHCKOM napjia- 
MeHTax rocnoacTBOBa^H oneHb BbicoKHe npeacTaBJieHHa o cBoefi BJiacTH h 

CBOeft MHCCHH. 

tC0H(J)JlHKT npe3HiieHTOB H CoBeTOB 06oCTpflJlCa H C0UHailbH0-3K0H0MH- 
qeCKHM KpH3HCOM. Oh npOHCXOHHT Ha $OHe 3a6aCTOBOK H CTHXHHHMX BOJI- 

HeHHH, KOTopbie b Ka3axcTaHe Jiereo npHHHMaioT MeaoTHHHecKufi xapaicrep 
h 3axBaTHBaK>T aaxe apMHio 4 ?. 

CymecTBOBa^ eme ohhh acneKT iiaHHoro Kpn3nca. Ha KpH3HC B3aHM00T- 
HOiueHHft «BeTBeft BJiacTH» HaKJiaflbiBanca h kph3hc B3aHMOOTHOiueHHH b npa- 
eaweH Bepxyuiice. M Ejimwh, h Ha3ap6aeB Swcipo noflHajiwcb ma cbohmm 

6bIBUIHMH COpaTHMKaMH H COCJiyXHBUaMH, KOTOpblM, KaK 3T0 06bIHH0 6bIBaeT 

b nofloSHbix CHTyauHax, 6bino oneHb Tpy^HO nepeftTM ot othoiuchhh k hhm 
KaK k 6oJiee hjih MeHee paBHbiM ce6e k OTHOUieHHio k hhm KaK k «6occaM». 

B Pocchh 3tot acneKT KpH3Hca npoaBHnca bo B3anMOOTHoujeHMHX Enb- 
UHHa h ero 6jiHJKafiuiero cnoflBHXHHKa, cTaBiuero nocjie Hero npejiceaaTe- 
jieM BepxOBHoro CoBeTa P. Xac6yjiaT0Ba. K 3T0My ao6aBHJiHCb B3aHM00TH0- 
uieHHfl E^buHHa h ero BHue-npe3vweHTa A. PyuKOro. 

194 



__ nocTCQBeTCKHti no^KTHtecKHH pew HM Ka3axn-aHa 

• B KaaaxcTaHe CHTyauHfl pasBHBaexca crporo naparotejibHO doccmhckoh 
Koraa Ha 3 ap6aeB cxaHOBHxca BceHapoaHo n 3 6pa HH biM npcnueHTOM oh 
«a6«paCT c co6om» b BHue-npesKiieHXb. npejicenarejifl BepxoBHoro CoBexa 
E AcaH&eiia. HyxHO 6buio H 3 6paxb hobopo npeaceaaxe™. 11 fl eKa6p« 
1991 ?., HecMOTps H a npHMoe npoxHBoaeiicxBHe HaaapGaeM, hm cxshobhxch 
HOMCHKnaTypHHfi uiapTHHHbiM paeoiHHK, no 3Toro - npe^craBHT^b Ka 3 ax- 
craHa b Moc KB e C. MjwwuiH. HsSpaane ASamtmiui, oneBUflHo 6buio 
nepenoMHbiM momchtom bo BaaHMooTHomeHHHx npesmeHta h napraMema 
Ha3ap6aeB noHHMM, hto najiHOCTbio KOHxpojmpoBaxb napjiaMeHT e M y 
He wacTCfl. A C. AQambjuiH, ecrecTBeHHo, 6hji rep* cwep*a H Hofl hm no6e- 
aoh. B CBoeH «tpohho&» peHH oh cjcasa*: «flyMaio, «m> BepXOBHblH CoeeT 
BnepBbie b CBoefi hcto P hh Bbi6pa* CBoero .iHaepa 6e 3 corjiacoBaHHj. c Uenx- 
Pom, 6e 3 peKOMeHaauHH napxHHHbix h apyrnx opraHOB»48. noHHMaHHH 
CBoeH pojih C. A6anjibflHHbiM, Bnooie^cTBH h BosrjiaBHBiiiHM KR Kaaaxda- 
Ha h CTaBiuHM nocroHHHbiM h ynopHbiM npoTHBHHKOM Ha 3 ap6aeBa tobopht 
reKCT, noMeuteHHMH nojj (poTorpatpHefi, Ha koto P oh n 3 o6paxe H bi A&mnb- 
ahh h Ha3ap6ae B> b rasere «CoBeTbi KasaxcxaHa* ot 9 AeicaGpa 1992 r • «n P o- 
meji hm, rax npHpryniuiH k HcnojiHeHHro cbohx oSH-aHHocxeH IlpesimeHT 
HypcyjiraH Ha 3 ap6aeB H npeflceflaxe^b BepxoBHoroCoBexa... CepmcfioncMH 
Abwumn, ojiHuerBopjiioimie dee eepmumt odnou zopu...^ Scho hxo koh- 
(jMiHKT^wyx BepuiHH» 6bWTaK5.ce HeHsGescen, Ka K KOH<iwHKrOTyx McuBeaefl 
b oahoh 6epjiore. 

i np °, e ^ HO n°* K0HCTHT y" H w 6bw npeflcxaBJieH BepxoBHOMy CoBexy 
1 hk>hs 1992 r. B cBoe M Aoioiafle Ha3ap6aeB tobopht: «... Mm totobhm koh- 
cxHxyuH.0 Ha flnnrenbHMft cpoK.». Ochobhoc coaepxaHne ero Bbicxynjie- 
hhh - AOKaaaTejibCTBa npeBocxoacTBa npe3HaeHxcKoii <po P Mbi npaB*e H HH 
Haii napJiaMeHTCKOH. 

06cyxae H He lomcraiymiH b rpoMaaHovi Mepe CBe^ocb k npogjieMe - 
oowBJiHTb jih rocyaapcTBeHHbiM xojibKo KaaaxcKHM a 3t iK hjih h KaaaxcKHfi 

H pyCCKHH (B I KOHUe KOHUOB TOCyflapCTBeHHblM oGuiBliflH TOJIbKO KasaxcKHPi' 

ho pyccKHH 6bui o6isBneH H3MKOM MexHauHOHMbHoro o6meHH3 h 3anpe- 
uieHa flHcicpHMMHauHji H a ocHOBe H e 3H aHHH rocyaapciBeHHoro ;.3bi K a) 
28 HHBapfi 1993 r. BepxoBHbifi CoBex Ka 3 axcTa H a npHHHMaer KOHcxHTyuHro 
KOTopaa xoxa h paccMaTpHBjuiacb b to BpeMa K a K npeaocxaBjiHiomag npe 3 n- 
aeHTy HcioiioHHTe^bHbie nojiHOMo™^, b SHa^HiejibHofl Mepe 6buia kom- 
npoMHCCHOH h Ha3ap6aeBa yaoBJieTBopHXb He Morjia. 

n P H npHHaTHH KOHcxHTyuHH 6biJio pemeHo, mto npHHaBuiHH ee Bep- 

ioof H ,Sf T 6yfl6T pa6 ° TaTb m Koma CBOero c P° Ka - Ho «a npowxeHHH 
n**» n ' B Ka3axcTaHCKHX JieMOKpaTHHecKHX h nponpesHaeHxcKHX 

CMM HaeraTaKa H a nap^a M eHx h oSjiacxHbie cowm. B axofi axaKe coBep- 
meHHO aHajrorHHHOH Ka M naHHH npoxHB poccHticKoro napjiaMema napaj.- 
JiejibHO pasBopaHHBEBuiefica b pocchKckhx aeMOKpaTHnecKHx CMM (h ko- 
Topyro Ha3ap6ae B nySjiHHHo ocyamans), xa K hjih HHase npHHHJiH ynacTHe 
MHorwe Bnoc^eACTBMH yiueauiwe b onno 3 HUHjo KasaxcxaHCKMe wMOKpa™s'. 

195 



flMMTpHK *ypM3H 

BepxoBHbiii Cobct H3o6paxaeTca r/iaBHHM npenaTCTBueM Ha nyrH k «hoboh 
xmzhvi»^, opraHOM, nodoaHHO MemaioiUHM pa6ote HcnojiHHTeJibHOH BJiac- 
th. npe3MHyM BC o6BHHJieTCH b «HeyrojiHMOvi acaauie nojiHO&nacTHH»^, a 
C. ASflHJibflHH - b «npe3WieHTCKHX aM6HUH5ix»56 (yxe coajibiBaeTC» Ta xa- 
paKTepHaa jm KasaxcxaHa cHTyauwa, Koraa «npe3Hjj.eHTCKHe m6mtm» 
BocnpMHHMaiOTca KaK caMoe arpauiHoe o6BHHeHMe, epojie o6BHHeHHfl b ro- 
cyaapcTBeHHOH raMeHe"). 06meciBO noaroTaBJiHBaeTcs k SyaymeMy «pazm- 
KanbHOMy peuieHHio*. 

JleroM 1 993 r. Ha3ap6aeB o6pamaeTca k BepxoBHOMy CoBery c npocbbon 
HaneJiHTb ero aonoJiHHTejibHbiMH iiojihomohhhmh, no o6pa3uy EjibUHHa, ho 
BC He paccMaipHBaeT stot Bonpoc. 

Pa3BHBaBUJHecji crporo napaiuiejibHO pocchhckhh h Ka3axcTaHCKHH 

KOH^JlHKTbl HMejlH H CXOSCHH HCXOJX. Ho B HX (pOpMe OHCHb 3pKO npOSBHJIOCb 

pa3JiHHHe ncHxojiorHH h CTmieft noBeaeHHa poccHMCKoro h Ka3axcraHCKoro 
pyKOBoaHtejiefi. 

EjibUHH - npome, npHMHTHBHeii h HMnyjibCHBHefi Ha3ap6aeBa h h/ict 
HanpOJioM. Ha3ap6aeB ace ckjiohch BbixHjiaTb, npeaocTaBJiaa EnbUHHy aeH- 
CTBOeaTb h npOKJiaflHBatb e\iy jiopory. TaK 6uno c pa3pyiueHneM CCCP, 
Koraa Ejimuih B3aji Ha ce6a ocHOBHyio pa6oTy, a Ha3ap6aeB aaxe nyrb jih He 
npoTHBOfleficTBOBaji my, ho 3axeM Taoce CTaji rjiaBofi He3aBHCHMoro rocy- 
MpcTBa. TaK 6mio h Ha stot pa3. EjibUHH nouieji Ha pe3Koe o6ocTpeHHe koh- 
<J)jiHKTa h b KOHue kohuob chjioh pa3orHaji aenyraTOB, ycipOHB b MocKBe 
«KpoBaByio 6aHK». Bee nojiynmiocb y/»HHO, Hapoa Ha 3amHTy napJiaMeHTa 
He nojuwjicsi, a 3anaflHbie CTpaHbi, 6oJibme Bcero 6oamwecfl B03BpaiueHHa b 
Pocchh k BJiacTH KOMMyHHCTOB hjih HaaryruieHHa 3Jj,ecb nojiHoro nojiHTHHe- 
CKoro xaoca, cpaKTHHecKH rocy/iapCTBeHHbiH nepeBOpOT caHKUHOHHpoBajin. 
B SHa^HTejibHOH Mepe sto otkphjio jiopory juia Ha3ap6aeBa 5S . Bujio hcho, 
mo ecjiH nepeBopoT jierKO yaajics b Pocchh, to TeM Jierne 6yjieT ocymeciBHTb 
ero b Ka3axcTaHe. H earn 3anaa caHKUHOHHpoBaJi KpoBaBbifi pa3roH napjia- 
Mem-a b eBponeficKOH cipaHe, to pa3roH 6ecKpOBHbift h b a3HaTCKOH CTpaHe 
BCTpeTHT eine 6ojibiuee noHHMaHHe. OAHaKO h b stoh cmyauHH Ha3ap6aeB 
neHcreyeT, KaK Bcerzta, octopokho, BbieraBJisfl Bnepeji ipyrax. Pa3birpbiBa- 
eTca cneicraKJib, ueJib KOTOporo - noKa3aTb, hto HHHiyiaTHBa pocnycKa nap- 
JiaMeHTa hcxoaht He ot npe3Hji.eHTa, a HyTb jih He ot caMHXflenyraTOB. 

16 HOfl6pfl 1993 r. AjiaTaycKHH paftcoBeT r. AiiMa-Aia npHHjm peuieHHe 
o caMopocnycKe h o6paTHJica ko BceM jienyTaTaM cobctob Bcex ypoBHeii c 
npH3MBOM nocjieaoBaTb ero npHMepy: «CoBe™... ocraioTCfl chhohhmom 
npeacHero pexHMa h ciapOH uaeanonw. TecHbie paMKH 6e3HaaexHO ycrape- 
BaioiUHx 3aKOHOB, peryjiHpyiomHX pa6oTy npeACTaBHTejibHOH CHcreMbi, ... 

yCHJIHJIH OTOpBaHHOCTb COBCTOB OT peaJIbHOH )KH3HH...»5' BpeMfl 6bIJTO Bbl- 

6paHO oneHb yaanHO. 2 Hoa6pfl 1993 r. KasaxcTaH 3aaBHJi o Bbixojie H3 py6;ie- 
boh 30Hbi. B CTpaHe uapHT 3KOHOMHHecKHH xaoc. 51CHO, HTO B TaKOH cHTya- 
uhh «He jj,o napJiaMeHTa». 

196 



rioacoBeTCKMH nonHTMHecKMM pewHM Ka3axcraHa 



Aanee HHHUHHpyeTcs BOJiHa no,ao6Hbix caMOpocnycKOB MecTHbix coBe- 
tob. A lOaeKaSpa 1993 r. nojiHocTbiofleMopajiH30BaHHbifl BepxoBHbm Cobct 
(qacTb flenyraTOB k 3-TOMy BpeweHH ycnejw craib oiyxaiuHMH HcnojiHHTejib- 
Ho^BjracTH h HiaBaMH MecTHbixaflMHHHCTpauHH, Ha3HaHeHHMMH npe3HAeH- 
tom , a apyrwx noojiHHOHKe o6pa6aTbiBaj]H h 3acTaBJisuiH nHcaTb 3aaBJieHHH 
o cjioxeHHH no^HOMOHHH 61 ) npHHHMaeT npoTHBopenauiHe mnbKo hto npH- 
H3T0H KOHCTHTyuHH peiueHHH o caMopocnycue h o aejierapoBaHHH npe3H- 
aeHTy noJiHOMOHHH H3iiaBaTb yKa3bi, HMeromwe cmiy 33K0H0B. 

EOJIbUIHHCTBO Ka3aXCTaHCKHX^eMOKpaTOB, KaK H SOJIbLUHHCTBO pOCCHH- 

ckhx, pocnycK napjiaMeHTOB «paflH ycKopeHHsi pe<popM» noanepxa™. l"lo3- 
xe 0Ka3aBmHHca b TiophMe Ka3axcraHCKHH .neMOKpaTHnecKHH xypnajiHCT k 
no/mi™ Ceprefl JlyBaHOB flaxe ony6jiHKOBan 25 HOflopa 1993 r. b «Ka3ax- 
craHCKOH ripaBiie* craTbio noa Ha3BaHHeM «fl ayMaio, hto HCTopunecKaa ue- 
jiecoo6pa3Hoctb He noBpeAHTiieMOKpaTHH», rae c BOCTOproM nwuieT o ejib- 
uhhckom nepeBOpoTe h fobopht, hto earn napjiaMem- ctoht Ha nyra per 

(})OpM, TO era Hy)KHO 3aMCHHTb. «ripHHeM CHeJiaTb 3T0 CpOHHO» 6 2. 

Ha Mapr 1994 r. Ha3Ha<iajoTCJi HOBbie Bbi6opbi b napjiaMeHT - no koh- 
CTHTyuHH, npHHatOH BepxoBHbiM CoBeTOM 21 aHBapa 1993 r., KOTOpbie, npH 
OTcyrcTBHH napjiaMeHTa, MOrjiH 6biTb npoKOHTpojwpOBaHbi npe3HjieHTOM h 

Ha3HaHeHHbIMH KM TJiaBaMH MeCTHblX aaMHHHCTpaUHH. 

Ha3ap6aeB, TaKHM o6pa30M, iioGHJica no6eabi 6ecKpoBHo m Bpoae 6h 
jierne, neM EnbUHH. Ho 3-to HMejio o6opoTHyio CTOpOHy - no6e.ua EnbUHHa 
6biJia nojiHee. OHa oTKpbma eMy aopory ana coCTaBJieHHH h npHHHTHH Ha pe- 
(pepeH,nyMefleKa6pH 1993 r. hmchho toh KOHCTHTyu.HH, - c npaKTHHecKH He- 
orpaHHieHHbiMH npaeaMH npe3H,neHTa a hhhtoxhmmh npaBaMH napJiaMen- 
ra, - KaKaa eMy SbiJia HyxHa. B Ka3axcxaHe CHTyauHJi 6bma hhoh. Kohcth- 
TyuHS yxe 6bijia npHHsrra, h He cobccm Taicafl, Kaicaa 6bma HyXHa npe3PmeH- 
Ty. nosTOMy euH EnbUHH npoH3Beji nepeBopoT KpoBaBbiH, ho ojihh, Ha3ap- 
6aeBy npHiujiocb npOH3BecTH 6ecKpoBHbie, ho flBa nojipjm. 

8 

7 MapTa 1994 r. npoxoaaT Bbi6opM b hobmh BepxoBHbifi Cobct no koh- 
CTHTyuHH 1993 r. Ha3ap6aeB, Bbicvrynaa nepea Bbi6opaMH no TejieBHfleHHio, 

npH3BaJI TOJIOCOBaTb «33 TeX, KTO BHflHT Heo6x0£HMOCTb CHJIbHOH HCnOJTHH- 

TejibHofi BJiacTH npw npe3HZteHTCK0M npa&neHHH»«. 

Bbi6opbi npoxoflHT b cooTBeTCTBHH c npaBHJiaMH, onpefle^eHHHMH yKa- 
30M npe3HfleHTa. H3 177 aenyraTOB 135 H36HpajiHCb no o6biHHHM oaHOMaH- 
jiaTHHM OKpyraM (sto momh 6biTb h KaHjinaaTbi, BbiflBHHyrbie napTHHMH h 
o6meerBeHHb!MH opraHH3auHHMH, h caMOBbiiiBHxeHUbi), a 42 - H3 Kanan,aa- 
Typ, BHeceHHbix npe3HaeHT0M b «rocyflapcTBeHHMH cnncoK*, no 2 nejiOBeica 
ot o6;iacTH. CnncoK cocTOStn H3 64 KaHflHiiaTyp, TaK hto y H36HpaTejiefi 6bi- 
jia B03M0XH0CTb Bbi6paTb abohx H3 Tpex (a b oahoh o6jiacTH - aaxce H3 HeTbl- 
pex) KaHflHflaT0B M . BicuoMeHHbiM b Hero KaHflnnaTaM He h>okho 6mjio co6h- 
paTb HeoGxoiiHMbie ana BbWBHxeHHa no^nHCH. Oahoh H3 oco6eHHOCTeH 

197 



flMHTpHH <PypMaH __^_ 

npHHa-roro nopaasa noaciera ronocoB 6buio to, hto rojiocaMH «3a» cHHTa- 
jiHCb see He 3a4epKHyrbie M36npaTejutMH $mmm KaHaHflaTOB, b pe3yjibTa- 
Tenero kojihmcctbo noflaHHbix ro/iocoB npeBbiuiajio mhcjio H36npaTejieH. 

H36HpaTejibHaa KaMnaHHH ujJia b o6craHOBice npoH3BOJia H36wpaTe^b- 
hhx komhcchh, Ha3Ha<ieHHbix aKHMaMH o6jiacTefi, b cboio onepejy. Ha3Ha- 
neHHbiMH npe3mieHTOM. 3th komhcchh noa jhoGmmh npeaaoraMH 0TKa3bi- 
BajiMCb peracipHpoBaTb HeyroaHbix BJiacTHM KaHaHaaTOB^ QaHH H3 coTpya- 
hhkob annapaTa npe3HaeHTa, noxeaaBuiHH ocTaTbca aHOHHMHbiM, CKa3aji 
xypHajwcry: «Hama 3aaaia - htoSh b hobuh napaaMem He nonajiH paaw- 
KajiH Bcex MacreH»« fleaerauHa CBCE caeaaaa oieHb pe3Koe 3aaaneHHe no 
nOBoay HeaeMOKpaTHHHOc™ Bbi6opoB* 7 . 

TeM ne MeHee cocTaB napjiaMeHTa noayqmica He TaKHM, KaKOH 6mji Hy- 
xeH Ha3ap6aeBy. 3to pTajio hcho yxe npn BbiSopax cnHKepa. B otjihhhc ot 
cBoero npeaujecTBeHHHKa, npocTo H36paBuiero cnHKepOM HeyroaHoro Ha- 
3ap6aeBV C. A6aHJibaHHa, hobum BepxoBHbift Cobct see ace H36pajt noaaep- 
xaHHoro npe3Hflem-0M A. KeKHJi6aeBa. Ho 3a ero npoTHBHHKa, coiwajiHCTa 
T. AaaaMxapoBa, nporoaocoBaao okojjo 40% aenyTaTOB&s. Ha3ap6aeB hc- 
nojib3yeT 3iy caMocroaTeabHOCTb napjiaMeHTa KaK aoKa3aTeabCTBO Toro, hto 
npeieH3HH CBCE K Bbi6opaM 6buiH HanyMaHHbiMH h b Ka3axctaHe TopxecT- 
ByeT fleMOKpaTHfl 69 . 

BHeiiiHe cocTaB napjiaMeHTa Bbiraaaea 3HaHKTeabH0 6oaee npneMae- 
mhm flJia Ha3ap6aeBa, HeM cocTaB ero poccHHCKoro aHa/iora - AyMbi, H3- 
6paHH0H B Pocchh nocjie OKra6pbCKoro nepesopOTa, b aeKa6pe ! 993 r. , b ko- 

TOpOH SoJIbUJHHCTBO COCTaBJlflJIH KOMMyHHCTb! H «XHpHHOBUbI», - JWa 

EnbUHHa. Ho 6ojiee yMepeHHaa Ka3axcraHCKaa onno3HUna 6biJia, moxct 
6biTb, aaxe onacHee ana Ha3ap6aeBa, ^eM KpimaBLiiaa Ha cbohx mhthhhix 
«EaHay EnbUHHa - now cya!» h Ha3MBaBinaa eabUHHCKHH pexHM «OKKyna- 

UHOHHbIM» «KpaCHO-KOpHHHeBafl» Onn03HUHfl B POCCHH flJia EjIbUHHa. 

Bo-nepBbix, KaK mm yxe roBOpunw, ejibUHHCKaa KOHCTHTyuHa 6biJia npw- 
HaTa yxe noaie pa3roHa craporo napJiaMema h npeaeabHO orpaHHHMBana 
<j)yHKUHH HOBoro. B Ka3axcTaHe xe KOHCTHTyuwa 6bLia npHHaTa CTapbiM nap- 
^aMeHTOM h coxpaHSJia 3HaHHT&ibHwe npaBa 3aKOHoaaTeabHoii BJiacTH. B 
3toh cHTyauHH aaxe HenpHMHpHMaa h oGaaaaiomasi 6ojibuiHHCTBOM onno3H- 
UH3 b pocchhckom napaaMeHTe 6biaa Menee onacna ana npe3HaeHTCKOH Baa- 
ctm, MeM He cocTaBJiaBiuaa 6oJibiiiHHCTBa h 6o;iee yMepeHHaa Ka3axcraHCKaa. 

BTopaa npHMHHa - 6oJiee caoxHaa h, Ha Ham B3raaa, 6ojiee BaxHaa. KaK 

3T0 HH napaHOKCajlbHO, «3KCTpeMH3M» pOCCHHCKOH H «yMepeHHOCTb» Ka3ax- 

CTaHCKOH onno3HUMH aejiajiH nepByio cjra6ee m MeHee onacHOH ana BaacTH, 

neM Btopaa. 

«K.pacHO-KopHHHeBaa» onno3HUHfl b Pocchh b icaKOH-TO Mepe SbiJia Ha 
pyKy EnbUHHy, h6o aabTepHaTHBa, KOTopyio OHa aBJiajia, 6buia 3aBeaoMO He- 
npHeMJieMOH. flJia 3anaaa OHa 6buia a6co^iOTHo HenpweMJieMa, h oh totob 
6biJi c noHHMaHHeM OTHedHCb k jno6biM aeficTBHaM EjibUHHa, HanpaBJieH- 
hhm Ha ee noaaBJieHHe n yKpenjieHHe ero BJiac™. Jinn pocchhckoh 3^htm 

198 



flocTcoBeTCKHM nojiMTHHecKMH pe*nM Ka3axaaHa 



nepcneKTHBa npHxoaa k BJiac™ KOMMyHHCTOB a «naTpnoTOB» 6una HacTOJib- 
ko CTpauiHoii, ito, HecMOTpa Ha juoSbie moKHpyiomHe ee bmxoakh npe3H- 
flema, oh Bee paBHO ocTaBMca ma Hee «MeHbWHM 3tom». Bosmoxhoctb 

06-beaHHeHHa OCHOBHOft «KOMMyHO-naTpHOTHHeCKOH» Onn03HUHH H HHTeJI- 

jmrcHTCKoft Jin6epajibHo£i onnosHiwH (nap™ «fl6jioKO») 6wjia HCKnmeHa 
Ho «KOMMyHo-naTpHOTH4ecKaa» onno3HUHa 6buia nyraromen h jyia 6ojib- 

UJHHCTBa POCCHHH. XoTH E*b U HH 6bICT P yipaTHJl CBOK) nonyjiapHocTb H 

6ojibii]HHCTBO H36HpaTejiefi rojiocoBajiH na Bbi6opax B^yMy 3a onnosnuHOH- 
Hbie napraH, ohh 3hmm, hto sto - BbipaxeHHe nparecra, ho He rojiocoBaHne 
3a peajibHyio BJiacTb, KOTopaa ZlyMe He npHHaanejKHT. nepcneKTHBa ace no- 
6cabi KOMMyHHCTOB Ha Bbi6opax npeaHAeHTa H36HpaiejieH crapee nyrajia, 
h6o ohh noHHManH, mto raraa no6eaa Moraa npHBec™ k xaocy h rpaxaaH- 
ckoh BOHHe, nepcneKTHBOH kotopoh B^acTb 3anyrHBajia h 6e3Toro CTpauia- 
meeca ee HacejieHHe. no3TOMy xoTa 6ojibuiHHCTBo b 1993 r. Ha aymckhx bw- 
6opax OTBeprao noJiHTHKy E^bUHHa, b 1 996 r. (Kax h Ha pe^epefuyMe bcchoh 
1993 r.) oho Bee ace rojiocoBajio 3a EnbiiHHa, KaK 3a «MeHbuiee 3jio» no cpaB- 
HeHHio hjih c KOMMyHHcraMH, hjih c /j.ecTa6miH3aij.HeH, KOTopyio npHHecjia 
6bi no6eaa kommyhhctob. 

B Ka3axcraHe cHTyauna 6bina hhoh. 3/iecb He 6buio TaKoro nyrajia b jih- 
ue «KOMMy H o-naTpHOTOB»™. Boo6me coe/jHHeHHe KOM M y H H3Ma h HauwoHa- 
jiM3Ma - SB^eHHe cneuHCpHHecKH pyccKoe h poccHHCKoe. Coe/j,HHeHHa Ka- 
3axcKoro HauHOHanH3Ma h KOMMyHH3Ma He momo 6biTb npHHimnHajibHo - 
CCCP He 6bui noTepHHHofi «Ka3axcKOH HMnepweft», KaK oh 6bm noiepaHHOii 
«POCChkckoh HMnepHefl*, h HOCTajibrHH no coBeTCKOMy npomjioMy He oKpa- 
ujHBarcacb b Ka3axcTaHe b cneuncpHHecKH HaiwoHajiHCTHnecKHe Tona. 
B 1994 r. KOMMyHHCTHqecKaa naprna b Ka3axcTaHe BOoSme b BbiSopax He 
ynacTByeT - ee 3aperHCTpHpoB<uiH xojibKO nepe3 Heaejiio nocjie Bbi6opoB (ec- 
recTBeHHo, mto perHCTpauwio 3aTarHBajiH cneuHajibHo). Ho h Koraa KOMnap- 

THS BOCCTaHOBHTCS H C npHXOflOM K pyKOBOJICTBy B 1996 r. cnHKepa 

1991-1993 it. C. A6flHJibaHHa npeBpararca b KpynHyro nojiHTHHecKyio CHJiy, 
3to 6yAeT napraa 3HaHHTejtbHo 6ojiee yMepeHHaa h 6o;iee roiOBaa k coTpya- 

HHieCTBy C flpyrHMH, B TOM HHCJie M npaBHMH Onn03HU.HOHHbIMH CHJiaMH 

ieM KFIPO. 

Ha BbiSopax 1994 r., KpoMe nponpe3HiieHTCKoro Coro3a Hapo/iHoro 
eawHCTBa Ka3axciaHa, cbohx KaHannaTOB BbicxasHJiH CoiwajiHCTHHecKaa 
napraa (CFIK), npoB03rjiacHBUiaa cbohm HaeajioM «uiBe/jcKyK) Moaejib* h 
nepeujeauiaa b onno3HLuno?i, napTHa HapoaHbiw KOHrpecc KasaxcraHa 
(HKK) bo rjiaBe c nonyjinpHbiM noaroM h o6mecTBeHHbiM aeaiejieM Ojiaca- 
com CyjiefiMeHOBbiM, CToamaa Ha «pbiHOHHbix» h oflHOBpeMeHHo «eBpa3HH- 
ckhx» no3Huwax (0. CyjieHMeHOBiiaxe npH3HBaji k KOH<penepauHH c Pocch- 
efl), a TaiOKe paa 6o;iee MejiKHx napraii. H3 75 H36paHHbix AenyraTOB, bm- 
flBHHyrbix napraaMH h o6mecTBeHHHMH opraHH3auH3MH, 33 6bui'n ot 
CHEK, 8, HecMOTpa Ha npoTHBoaeftcTBHe BJiacTH, CMoraa npoBecxn CFIK h 
9 - HKK . Ho HJieHbi napTHfi 6buiH h cpeaw caMOBbWBHxeHueB, h b usjiom 

199 



flMHTpHH (PypMaH 



HJieHaMH CHEK 6hjih 47, H KK - 22, a CO K - 19 aenyTaTOB. HecKOJibKHMH 
aenyraiaMH 6hjih npeflCTaaneHbi h apyrae onno3HUHOHHbie chjih - pyccKoe 
ABHsceHHe «JIan», npocpcoi03HHKH h arpapHH 72 . Onno3nuHOHHO HacxpoeH- 
HbiejaenyraTH 6buiH h cpe/iH 6ecnapraHHbix caMOBbiflBHxeHueB, h aaxe cpe- 
flH npouiefliUHX no PocynapcTBeHHOMy cnwcKy. 

Hh CflK, hh HKK He 6buiH napTHHMH «pecTaBpauHH», KaK KflPO, ohh 

He 6HJ1H HH HaUHOHajIHCTHMeCKHMH (Hao6opOT, OHH 06BHHSMH BJiaCTH B 

ymeMJieHHH npaB pyccKoro Hace;ieHHa), hh anTHaeMOKpaTHHecKHMH, hh aH- 
THpbiHOHHbiMH. 3to 6buia.nocTaT04Ho yMepeHHas h «OTBCTCTBeHHaa» onno- 
3nu.ua. Ho HMeHHO 3Jiecb Tavuiacb onacHOCTb ana BJiacTH. TaKafl onno3HUHS 
He Morjia BbinojiHHTb pojib «yxacHOH anbTepHaTHBH», ana H36eacaHHa koto- 
pOH Bee cpeacTBa xopouin. BHyrpH Hee He 6bi.no Tex rpoviauHbix wieHHbix 

npOTHBOpeHHH, KOTOpbie pa3fleJlHJlH B POCCHH OCHOBHyK), «JieByio» h «He oc- 

HOBHyio», «npaByio» onno3MUHH, oHa JierKO Moma o6teiinHHTb caMbie pa3- 
HOponHbie 3JiewieHTbi, npoTHBOfleticTByioiiiHe npe3HaeHTCKOMy aBTopHTa- 

pH3My. 

Cpa3y xe nocjie Bbi6opoB co3.aaeTca onno3HUHOHHaa KoanHu.ua «Pec- 
ny6jiHKa», KoopflHHauHOHHbiH cobct kotopoh B03niaBJiaeT C. ASAmibflHH. 
B Hee bxoaht caMbiH uihpokhh Kpyr napTHH h opraHH3auHH - CFIK, KHK, 
HKK, comiaji-fleMOKpaTbi, pyccKHH «Jlan» h Ka3axcKHH «A3aT». npoB03ma- 
uieHHOH npH C03aaHnn KoariHUHH uejibto HBJiaexca nonroTOBKa k npe3HjieHT- 

CKHM Bbl6opaM, KOTOpbie flOJDKHbl 6blJIH COCT055TbCfl b 1996 r.« 

B napjiaMeHTe cxmaeTca onno3HiwoHHaa ippaKUHfl «riporpecc», b koto- 
pofi Sojiee 90 flenyraTOB. Onno3HUHa opraHH3yeT «TeHeBOH Ka6nHeT» bo rcia- 
Be c KaparaHOTHCKHM npeanpHHHMaxejieM B. Po3e« h BbiflBHraeT Tpe6oBa- 
hhh, KaK roBopHT Po3e, «HenocpeacTBeHHO 3aTparHBaiomHe HHTepecbi npa- 
BHiuefi 0JiHrapxnH» 75 : napjiaMemcKoro kohtpojis Haa pacxoaoBaHHeM hhoct- 
paHHbix KpeaHTOB h ycjioBHHMH hx npeaocTaB/ieHHa, npoKypopcKofi npOBep- 
kh pe3yjibTaTOB npnBaTH3auHH, orpaHH^eHHH npaB HcnoJiHHTejibHOH BJiacTH 
pacnopaxaTbca rocyaapcTBeHHOH co6cTBCHHOCTbio, paccMOTpeHHa napjia- 
MeHTOM yKa30B, npHHHTbix b ero oTcyrcTBHe. K onno3HUHH npHMwicaeT Bee 
6ojibiue flenyTaiOB, h 27 Man 1994 r. napjiaineHT bwhocht nocraHOBJieHHe, b 
kotopom Bbipaacaerca HeaoBepne Kypcy npaBHTCJibCTBa C. TepemeHKO h co- 
aepXHTca npH3biB «ao6nTbcfl KOMnpoMHeca h comacHa Mexay pa3HbiMH no- 
/iHTHqecKHMH CHJiaMH* 76 . Ha Bonpoc xypHanHCTa, He 6oHTca jih oh, hto ho- 
Bbifi napjiaineHT Moxei noBTopHTb cyw>6y cBoero npemuecTBeHHHKa h poc- 
CHHCKoro nap^aMeHTa, B. Po3e oTBenaeT: «HflyMaw, npe3HaeHTbi HauiHX ro- 
cyiiapcTB H3BneioiH ypoKH H3 npouuioro. Flo KpaHHefl Mepe rjiaBa Hauiefi pe- 
cny6;iKKn, nojiaraio, He pa3 noxajieji (h euie He pa3 noacajieeT) o npouuioM, 
Kyaa 6o^iee noKJiaflHCTOM napJiaMem-e. ^ocpomho H36paHHbiii cjieayiouiHii 
BepxoBHbiH CoseT HaBepHAKa oKaxeTCfl etue 6ojiee arpeccHBHMM h «Heyao6- 
hhm». AiiHKTaTypa- bjihdSoh cpopMe - b Ka3axCTaHe HeB03MO>KHa»". 

1994 rofl - caMbiH Taacejibifl njin Ka3axcTaHCK0fi skohomhkh, Korna no- 
cjie Tpex jieT HeyKJiOHHoro naaeHHa npOH3BoacrBa BBT1 CHOBa coKpaTunca 

200 



noCTCOBeTCKHH JlOJlHT HHeCKHH pe)KMM Ka33XCT3Ha 

no cpaBHeHHW c npouuibiM roaoM Ha 25,4%. Hmkhkofq kohue 3tomv naae- 
hhio, « CB eTa b KOHue TOHHwra. BHflHO He 6hjio. B crpaHe HaHHHaioTCs 3a6a- 
ctoeki^ ycHJiHBaeTca pyccKoe MppeaeHracTCKo-aBTOHOMHCTCKoe asioce- 
HHe«. Onpocbi noKaauBaioT, mto xoaom pe<po P M AOBOJibHbi TOJibKo 6 5% H a- 
ce^eHHH 7 '. 

B OKTaSpe Ha3ap6ae B MeHseT npaBHTejibCTBO, pw mhhhctpob KOToporo 
yxe SbiJiH OTCTpaHeHbi BpeayjibTaTe rpoMKHx KoppynunoHHbix aejiso. Bmccto 
Ceprea TepeiueHKO rjjaBOH Ka6HHeia Ha3HanaeTca AKexcaH Kaxerejiyu™. 
Ho 3to He moxct paaHKajibHo pa3pjmHTb o6CTaHOBKysi » aaxe moxct SbiTb 
BocnpHHHjo KaK npOHBjieHtte cjiaSoc™ npesnaeHTa h chjim onno3HUHH. 

B 3toh cmyauHH nepcneKTMBa npn6mx2nouxaxca Bbi6opoB npe3naeHTa 
&1996 r. cxaHOBHTca vm Ha 3 ap6ae B a Bee 6ojiee nyraiomefi. Te M Sojiee hto b 
1994 r. Ha Bi>i6opax noTepa™ BJiacTbUBa Kojuierti Ha3ap6aeBa - B Ke6HH b 
Eejiopycci™ h E. KpaB4y K b YKpaHHe. C 0Kra6pa 1994 r. b CMH HanHHaioT 
OTKpbiTO o6cyxnaTbca npe3HfleHTCKHe KammaTypH Ha 6yayux»x Bw6opax 
1996 r. Ha pojib ochobhoto onno3nuiiOHHoro KaHflH^aTa BbWBHraeica Oji- 
xac CyjieHMeHOB. nonyjiapHbifi host, aBTop khh™ «A3 h fl», BocnpHHHToii 
b MocKBe B 70-e it. KaK MaHH<pecT Ka3axcKoro HauHOHaan3Ma, h 4yn> He 
o6-bflaneHHbiH M.CycjiOBbiM aHccmeHTOM, ho BbiBcaeHHbifi n3-noa yuapa 
A-KyHaeBbiM h caejiaHHbw hm weHOM UK Kn Ka3axciaHa, nejioBeK 6o- 
poBuiHfics c Mockboh 3a 3aKpbtTHe ceMHnajiaraHCKoro nojiwroHa, h oaho- 

BpeMeHHO CTOpOHHHK KOHCpeflepaUHH C PoCCHefi H 06lHBJieHHH pyCCKOTO 

BTopbiM rocyaapcTBeHHbiM a3biK0M", oh o6jiaacUi t3khm «MHororpaHHbiM» 
HMHflxeM, KOTopbifi mof nprnneHb caiwue pa3Hbie couHajrbHbie, HauMOHajib- 
Hbie h HfleojioravecKHe rpynnw. CyjietiMeHOB roBopiiT, mo 5 jier - Hopruajib- 
hmh cpoK via jiK>6oro npaBMTejia, nocjie 5 Jiei npaaneHHa oh cTaHOBHTca 
TopM030M, h HMeHHO HecMeHaeMOCTb JiHflepoB nory6mia KT1CC h CCCPa. 
KaK npeanojiarajiocb, CyjieHMeHOB 6yaeT hath Ha Bbi6opbi b CB»3Ke capyrHM 
flenyraTOM, npejjceaaTejieM KoHTpojibHOfi najia™ napjiaMeHTa h conpeace- 
mreneM CnK T. AjiaaMxapOBbiM. Taxofi TaHaeM Mor 6biTb oneHb onaceH 
mn npe3HAeHTa. 

Ha3ap6aeB He crraji naccHBHOxaaTb 1996 r. h Ha6jiKxaaTb, KaK b co3HaHnn 
Ka3axcTaHCKoro oSmecrBa ncne3aer co3HaHHe ero «6e3ajibTepHaTHBH0c™», a 
napjiaMeHT npeBpawaerca b ujTa6-KBapTnpy ero 6yaymHx conepHHKOB. Cko- 
pee Bcero, KaKne-To ruiaHbi pa3roHa napjiaMeHTa 6bmn b npe3RaeHTCKOM ok- 
pyxeHHH nyib ^h He c caMoro Hanajia ero pa6o™s". Ho Koraa Ha3ap6aeB npH- 
hjui peuieHHe, oh aefiCTByeT b xapaKTepHOM urns Hero CTHJie HeoxHjiaHHbix 
onepexaromHx yaapoB h npocTbix, H0 3$4>eKTHBHHxxHTpocTefi. MHHUHaTH- 
Ba pa3rowa hoboto napjiaMeHTa CHOBa BHeiune hcxojiht He ot Hero. 

Mw yxe roBopHJw, hto Bbi6opbi b napjiaMeHT npoxo.mi.in c 6ecHnaneH- 
hmmh HapyujeHHflMH h no yrBepxaeHHOMy caMHM npe3meHT0M H36npa- 
xe^bHOMy 3aK0Hy, HeKOTopwe nyHKTbi KOToporo npoTHBOpenHJiw h kohcth- 
TyuHH, h flaxe 3apaB0My CMbicjiy. Bo3hhkuo mhoto cyae6Hbix hckob npowr- 
paBiiiHx KaHUHaaioB. Hckh 3th, ecrecTBeHHo, ^exajiH 6e3 /iBHxeHHa. M 

201 



ftMHXpMW OypMaH 

omvr c MaDTa 199 5 r no qhhomy H3 hhx, xypnajiHcxKH T. KbhxkobckoK, 
SthSohS cya n PH H» pemenne, no KoxopoMy BuGopu b cjcpy- 
fe b koZom ""a npLpV few n PH 3HaHbi HeaeHCiBHTe^HMMH. M j« 
KaKHettSrxe^HHMH ohh 6 M M n P H3HaHH He H3 -3a HapyineHHHnpaj™, 
S™eHHB lx UMKMR Bb,6opo B> a H3- 3 a npoTHBope™* icoHcmyuHH «- 
SSiin, 3to Peuienne o3HaHa J ,o n P H3HaHHe Bcero hobopo nap.a- 

"^STb 1993 r. - b ctopohc xobopht, hto «npHH»xoe cyaoM 
pe Ifci iu» nac ho.hoh HeoOTHOCT^, h aaxe ;B03pa*aex» 
nooTHB pe'uie HHa cyaa (o<pHUHajibHoe B03pa*eHHe npe3Hi I eHTa Shjio noaano 
TcZT^MhI noc,e peiuexiu cyri, ho apryMeHxauHs b hcm 6bura 
o «oTa6a a)S5 . Cya, aanucD. ne np—x -Jl^";™^ 

rnXre^eeZ— h Bo^Le Op™* BepxoBHoro 
CoBeH ™ BaM npaMO h ox.cpb.xo, hxo peiM uiecxoro <mou 6wo 
S^Shh coTp^hhoh Heo^HHOCTbK, Bb. Moxexe no- P a3H0My pobo- 

HasSHe/cxByex™ , hobo* CHxyauHH »™ , jO ' -P"^^. 
^ H neficxBvex npeswieHX Moxex npHHHMaxb yuasbi, HMerauwe cnjiy 33ko- 

ocHO B a H H H KoaeKca o Bbfiopax, Koxopb.H unacr <n*3HM^. cxdoh;ih» 
nenyxaxbi ecTecxeeHHO, «roBopnjm no P a3HOMy», «flOMwaibi cxpoM™* 
h n P ™ oepa^HHe k Hapoay Ka 3 axcxaHa. 4acxb **^£»£*£ 
mm rojioaoBKy h oxKasbma^cb noKHHyn, ^aHHe BepxoBHoro Cowm 
Toma b neM ox«* xe^OHU „ cxa^ cdohho -J^^S^ £ 
conooxHB^eHHe aenyratoB 6bUio He oihuikom cmhnuu. Mx MopaJibHbie no 

Sk CaSb, - BCb BH60PB! fleftCIBKI^HO "POXO fl H,H C MHOrOHH - 

MHHbiMH h P a3HOo6pa3Hb.MH HapyiueHHHMH, h 6bWH npoxecxb. CBCE , ko- 
rooSe ohm HTHopHpoBajiH. M aa*e HenoHHTHo, npoxnB Koro mm npoxecxo- 
bT - se fl b np^eHx B po*e 6u caM »a hx cxopone. Mmhhhct^uhh 
noe^eHxa cxa,a cpo.HO xpynoycxpaHsaxb ocxaB.™ 6e3 P a6oibi ^enyxa- 
S^S^h™ aanySaa crponxHBbix oGbhhchhhmh b P a3Horo poaa 
SoHOMHMecKHX npecxynjieHHax*. A orhh h3 hhx, HanSoJiee pe3KHH h ne- 

n7 K ynHb,fi npoTH P BHHK n P e 3Hfl eHTa, n P ouie,u,HH 4epe3 cxa^HCKne ,are P H 

R MeoHbiujeB 6 bin cHJibHO H36ht «HeH3BecxHbiMH». 

SScyi.eflMeHOB, Koxopoxo xyx *e cnu.*. ofiBMH-rB b Hen P aB = M 

6b.cT P o ycnoKaHBaexca h oxnpaB^exca hocjiom b Mxa^nio'-. Aajee : oh bmxo 
^t H3 nonHx^ecKOft Hipbi, a ero HKK norpyjaexc, b «£&k« » CHK 
narKanbiBaeTcfl Ha pesKO aHTHnpe3HfleHTCKyio rpynny C. A6flHJib fl HHa ^axeM 
rSbSn nep'exoHHX b KHK) h nepeme.myK) na nponpe3H fl eHXCKHe 



202 



nocTCQBeTCKHH nojiHTHMec KHM pe*HM Ka3axctaHa 

nosHUHM ipynny E. E P Tbic6aeBa h qepea HeKOTopoe Bpe Mfl caMopacnycKaei- 
cfl. BoJibuiHHCTBO onno3nuHH «cflaeTCfl», h cJ>aianHecKH ocraercs eanHCT- 
BeHHaa onno3HUHOHHaa cuna - KUK. 

9 

I Mapra 1995 r. npeanaeHT mmi Yicaa «06 o6pa30Ba H nn AccaM6/ieH 
HapoaoB Ka3axcTaHa», opraHa c HeonpeaejieHHbiMH (pyHKUHHMH, cocraB ko- 
Toporo jTBepxaaeTca caMHM npesnaeHTOM. Otcbiwho, AccaMQjiea 6buia co- 
3B3Ha HMeHHo nepea «Heo)KH/iaHHbiM» peuje H neM KoHCTKiyuHOHHoro cy/ia 
ot 6 Mapia cneuHa^bHO a/i* roro, w TO 6bi noc^e pocnycKa BepxoBHoro Coie- 

T3 HMeTb B03M0XHOCTb OnHpaTbM H3 OpraH, KOTOpblK OHeHb yC/IOBHO MOXeT 

paccMaTpHBaTwa K a K «npeACTa B HTe/ibHbiH». Ha nepBow xe cBoefi cecc™ 
11 Mapra AccaM6;iefl BwcrynaeT c HHnunaraBo* npoBeaeHHa peiepeHflVMa 
no Bonpocy: «CorjiacH M jih Bb. npcwmrb ao 1 /je K a6p 3 2000 roaa fiojihomo- 
•ma npeaniieHTa PecnyojiHKH KaaaxcraH HypcyjiraHa ASmiieBfm Ha 3 a P 6a- 
e B a, BceHapoflHo H 3 6paHHoro 1 fl eKa6pji 1991 ro fl a?» (Earn b 1993 r Haaap- 
6aeB cjieaoBaji 3a Pocchch, to renepb ero mo/j^k) craHOBHTcs y 3 6e K HCTaH 
K 9T0My BpeMeHH pemeHne 06 aHanoriiHHOM pecpepeHayMe yxe 6uno npn- 
Hfl-ro b ysSeKHCTaHe, a ca M pe<pepennyM 6nji npoBeaeH 26 Mapia" ) Ca M oe 
CMeuiHoe, mo H npo 3iy KHHUMaraBy Ha3ap6ae B cKaaaji, mto o H a 6buia juia 
Hero HeoxMflaHHOH h oh aaxe 6mji eio nopasceH''' . 

ByKBajibHO Ha caeayroiUHH aeHb npesnaeHT n3Aae T y K a 3 o petpepeHayiue 
gaKOHa o pecpepenayMe He 6biao, ho b oxcyrcTBHe aaKOHoaaiejibHOH BjiaciH 
Ha3ap6aeB Mor KsaaBaTb yKaabi, HMeiomHe cwjiy 3a K o H a) h apyroH y K a 3 Ha- 
3HaHaK)m H ft pecpepenayM yxe H a 29 anpeji* 1995 r. «Pe<pepeHayM - tobopht 
oh, - jieniTHMHM, caMaa aencTBeHHas npHMaa tfcopMa HapoaHoro B ojien3- 
snuieHn»«. Ha3ap6aeB cneuiHT, HTo6bi He aa T b onno3Hunn onoMHHTbca Sa- 
naa npoTecTye-r, ho aoBoabHO aia6o». 

Bot o6pa3eu 0(pnu,HajibHOH arm-auHH nepea pe<j>epeHAyMOM- « «fla» - 
nojiHTHHecKofl h 3K0H0MH4ecK0fi ctaSmibHocTH b KasaxciaHC «jla»"- 6yny- 
mewy MauiHxaerefl h BHyKOB. «£a» - no/iHTHice Mn P a k coraaciw, nojiHTHKe 
5e 3 bohh, 6e 3 xepTB m k P obh, 6e 3 coreH TbicflH 6exe H ueB. «Ha» - cnoKoftcr- 
bhh) b HaiiiHX aoMax h KsapTHpax. «fla» - 6ynymeMy npouBeraHHio Kasax- 
cxaHa. «fla» - sthm ohth roaaM, KOTopbie npocni Uptzmtm y H ac a™ to- 
ro, htoSh sajioxHTb ochobm Syaymero pecny6jiHKH, mctko onpeaejiHTb rvth 

BbtXOAa H3 3KOH0MHHeCKOr0 KPH3HC3*. «fla» - EB P a3HMCKOMy coiosy »» 

B pecpepeHayMe, no o<j)HunajibHbiM aaHHMM, yqacTByei 91,3% M 3 6HpaTeaeH 
h «aa» oTBevaer 95,4%, Cxo^bKO H36H P a T eaeH fleKciBHTejibHO npHiu™ H a 

y^aCTKH H KaK OHH TOJIOCOBa^H - HeH3BeCTH0. 

Bcaea 3a bthm HaciynaeT onepeab KOHCTHTyunH. KoHcraTyuHJi 1993 r 
noaroraMHBajiacb KOMnccHefi bo Me c HasapGaeBbiM, h b cBoe BpeMJi Ha- 
3ap6ae B roBopn^, hto np H ee cociaBJieHHH 6uji ymeH onwr ^yrb jih He scex 

CTpaH MHpa M HTO «MM TOTOBHM KOHCTHTyUHK) Ha a/IMTeJIbHblH cpoK»» Ho 

npHHHTafl b pe3yjibTaTe KOMnpoMwcca c nap/taMeHTOM KOHCTHTyuHa ero He 

203 



flMHTpHM 4>ypMaH 



ycTpaHBEUia, h xoth oh, ecTeciBeHHO, roBopuji o cBoeH BepHOCTH e«, oh ne- 
DHOflH^ecKH ee cnenea KpHTHKOBaJi («"4eMOKpaTH<iecKHH yrap , HanaB- 
uiHficfl b 1985 r., 3a H ec Hac cjihuikom aajieKO*"), a ero BHue-npesnaeHT 
E AcaH6aeB KpHTHKOBaJi 3H aHHTe;!bHO pe 3 He™. Tenepb OHa SbiJia oSMBJieHa 
« H e cooTBeiCTByioiueH ayxy BpeMeHK» h sacxpflBuieH «Ha nojiny™ ray co- 
UHEUiHCTHMecKHM nponwuM h pbiHOHHHM 6ynyuiHM». B hiohc 1995 r. Bee xa 
*e AccaM6;iefl HapoaoB KasaxdaHa oaoopaeT HHHUHaTHBy pyKOBomcrea pe- 
cny6JWKH no cosaaHHKD hoboh KOHcnrryiuiH«». TeKCT noflroraanHBaerca 
6bicTpo h Sea jiHWHero myina ( ohcbhuho, MepHOBHKyxe 6wji noaroTOB^eH). 
HaKOHeu sto Ta KOHCTHTyuHH, KaKaH Hy*Ha HasapSaeBy, h iiaxe «nyq- 
uie» pocchhckoh. npe3HAeHT b Heft HMeHyeTca «chmbojiom h rapaHTOM 
ewHCTBa HapoaaH rocyflapcTBeHHOii BjmcTH, H e3bi6jieMOCTH Kohcthtvumh, 
npaB h cbo6o/ji 4ejiOBeKa h rpaxxiaHHHa»'« rTojmoM04HH np&smtma ormca- 
Hbi b 22 nyHKTax, «ero necTb h aoctohhctbo HenpvtKOCHOBeHHbi*, a «o6ecne- 
4 eHHe o6c^yxcHBaHHe h oxpana npesH/ieHTa ... h ero ceMbH ocymecTBJiaiOT- 
ca 3a cmct rocyaapcTBa» IM . Oh Moxer 6biTb OTpemeH ot jkhixhocth TOJibKo 
no 6ojie3HH hjim no o6BHHeHHio b rocyaapcTBeHHOH H3MeHe (b pocchhckoh 
KOHCTHTyuHH - «h 3a HHoe ™*Koe npecTynjieHHe»). YnpasflHaeTCfl, KaK h b 

POCCHHCKOH KOHCTHTyUHH 1993 r., flQIDKHOCTb BHUe-n P e3HiieHTa. PjTOOM c 

nocTCOBeTCKHMH «6e3ajibTepHaTHBHbiMH» npesHiieHTaMH He moxct 6biTb 
BTopux «BceHapoflHO H36paHHbix», h ohh xoTHT HMeTb nojinyio cBo6ojiy pyK 
npH Ha3HaMeHHH cbohx npeeMHHKOB <6biBWHH BHue-npe3HiieHT E. AcaHSa- 
eB oinpaBJiaeTCfl nocjiOM b TepMaHHio 104 ). 

napjiaiweHT no hoboh kohcthtyiwh coctoht H3flByx najraT - Maacvumca, 
H36HpaeMoro no onHOMaHnaTHbiM OKpyraM, h ceHaTa, H36npaeMoro no flBa 
nejiOBeKa ot o6Jiac™ Ha co6paHHsx /jenyTaTOB npeacTaBHTejibHbix opranoB 
o6jiacTeH, npH^eM 7 ceHaropoB npocTO HasHanaiOTCH npe3HfleHTOM"». Ecjih b 
napJiaivteHTe 1990 r. 6bi.no 360 aenyraTOB, b napjiaineHTe 1994 r. - 144, to no 
KOHCTHTyuHH 1995 r. - 1 14 , H3 hhx 47 b ceHaTe h 67 b hhxhch nana-re, Ma- 
jKHJiHce (neM MeHbine flenyraTOB, tcm jierne hmh ynpaBJiSTb, TeM 6ojiee earn 
ohh pa36HTbi Ha ABe nanaTbi). JJjiJiBOTyMa HeaoBepHa npaBHTejibCTBy othm- 
ne hjokho Ha6paTb jiBe TpetH fojiocob b Kaamon H3 najiaT. 

KoHCTHTyuHOHHoro cyna BOo6me HeT ( xots nepeBopoT Ha3ap6aeB npo- 
H3Beji onnpaacb Ha KoncTHTyuHOHHbiH cyji, oh, oneBHflHO, caM wcnyrajica 
ero BJiacTH), ho ecTb KoHcmnyuHOHHHfi coBeT c orpaHHneHHbiMH no cpaB- 

HeHHK) C KOHCTHTyUMOHHbIM cyflOM nOJIHOMOHHHMH, C0CT031UHH H3 7 HJIfr- 

hob H3 KOTOpwx Tpex, b tom HMCJie npeflceaaTena c npaBOM pemaioiuero ro- 
jioca, Ha3HaMaeT npe3H/j.eHT, a no asa - npeaceflaTejiH ceHaTa h MaxmiHca. 

KoHCTHiyuHa npHHHMaeTca Ha hobom pe^epeHflyMe 30 aBrycTa 1995 r. 
ynacTBOBanH - 90% ( no yrBep>wieHHflM onno3HUHH - 34%), npoTHB nporo- 

JlOCOBa^H TOJIbKO 9,9%. 

HaKOHeu b aeKaSpe npoBoaflTca Bbi6opbi b HOBbiii flByxnaJiaTHWM napjia- 
MeHT, KOTopbiH Ha 3T0T pas Bpoiie 6bi nojiynaeTCfl TaKHM, KaraA Hyxen. On- 
no3Huna b Bbi6opax (paKTHHecKH He ynacTBOBajia 106 . 

204 



FlQCTCOBeTCKHH nOJIHTHteCKHM pO KHM K33aXCT3Ha 

10 



Ecjih b 1993 r. Ha 3 ap6aeB okhobm b nocTpoeHHH csoero pexHMa 3a 
bJituHHbiM, to renepb oh c ropaocTbio tobopht: «Mbi o6or H ajin Pocchio b 
TeMnax papopMHpoBawui bcpthkjjjih HcnojwuTejibHOM B jiacTH»io' 

Onno3 HU HOHHbie napiHH (CnK, HKK), JwiiieHHbie bosmoxhocth 6o- 

nnl™ BJiaCTb " m - 3a P ™ 3M1 ° BJiacTH B *°P Me napjraMeHTCKoro 
npejzcraBHTe/ibCTBa b ycnoBHax yJibxpa-npesHaeHTCKofi cHcreMbi, cxojwt Ha 
Her. KaKoe-To BpeM* b KaaaxcraHe onno 3 nunM, tcpoMe kommyhhctob npa K - 
THiecKH Boo6me HeT. ' H 

npaaaa, b anpene 1996 r. B03HHKaeT HOBoe onno3nunoH H oe ABHxeHHe 
(3aieM napiHH) «A3aMa T » <«r P a*aaHH H K HHTejumreHTCKoe no coujrajibHo- 
My cocxaBy h HMetomee ocHOBHyro 6a 3 y b An M a T wi« «A3aMa T » BbUBHraer 

Tpe60BaHHH fl eMOKpaT H HeCKHX pecpopM (Bbl60 P H0CTH 3KHMOB, FOJlOCOBaHHS 
™ P ™ Mem n ° nap ™* Hb,M cnHCKaM > «o6oa H CMH)™ H CTpeMHTCa 06M- 
AHHHTb see pa 3H oiiiepcTHb.e onnosMUHOHHbie rpynnbi B «Hapojwbift 
(ppoHT». Ho pea^bHoii yrpo30H ajw npesnaeHTa oho He aBjiaeTca'io 

KoHtpo^b B^acra Haa o6uiecTBOM yc^HBaercfl. npoKyparypa Tpe6veT 
oiKaaa or npaKTHKH npoBeaeHJw saxpbiTbix aaceaaHH* o6mecTBe H Hb.x opra- 
™ M ' Ha K0T °P b[x M0I ^ T °6cy*na T bca aHTMnpaBHiejTbCTBeHHbie nV 
Hbim. Mhthh™ 3 anpemaK)TC H hqujhoShmh npej^oraMH, Bruioib ao yrooaw 
annaeMMH. VxecTonaeTCH kohtpoju Ha* CMH, h npeacae Bcero Haa TeneBH- 
JieHneM, rae xeHjiep Ha npaBo BemaHH* ycTpaHaex HeaasHCHMbie KaMna HH n 
npHneM KaHMM h -racroTbi no^aex KOMnaHHa «Xa6ap», KOHTpo/inpyeMaa 
jonepbio Ha3ap6ae B aiIap H roH>i2. P m pa H ee onno3HUHOHHbix HaaaHHfi ne- 
pexoiwx b pyKH BepHbix jtkwh, npexne Bcero toh xe flapHru h ee M yxa 
(B Pocchh aHEuioraTObie Mepbi no yciaHOBJieHHro koht P ojih Haa CMM mjH- 
HHMaioTCH 3Ha4HTe^bHO no3*e, yxe np H npeeMHHKe EnwuiHa ) 

BjiacTb Ha3ap6aeBa npaKTHnecKH He orpamweHa hh<«m h hhmm H a 
He H 3Me P HM0 Swibuie, He M Bjiacib nepBbix ceKperapefi, noiWHHeHHbix Mock- 
Be h CKOBaHHbix napTHHHofi HAeojioraeH, h km BJiam Kasaxcox xanoBaa- 
JieKoro npoujjioro. H a Bojibuie, h km B*a CT b ero poccuficKoro « K ojuie™» 
KoxopoMy ece-iaKH npuxoflmca b kekoh-to Mepe cwaTbca c napj.a H eHTOM' 
hath Ha wranenbuyioaw Hero Bbi6o P Hyio KaMnaHHio 1996 r nocjie koto' 
POh oh cner b 6o^bHH U y (n^aHbi hohtm «no KasaxcxancKOMy nyrn*, 3 aMeHHB 
BbiSopbi Ha pe<pepeHflyM o npoiweHHH no^HOMO-Juft, b oxpyxeHHH E^bUHna 
6bMH, ho peajin30BaTb hx oh He pemnjicfl) H KOTopb.fi H e Moscex nasHanaib 
ry6epHaTopoB, KaK Ha3ap6aeB aKHMOB. 

HpoBeaeHHbiH b KOHue 1997 r. onpoc noKasM, hto 77,6% onpouieHHwx 
cHHiajiM anacTb npe 3 HiieHTa HeoipaHMieHHoft'". H TaK ee BOcnpMHHMaeT He 
xo^bKo MaccoBoe co3HaHHe. B KasaxcxaHCKOH wpHflH^ecKOH Hayxe aKTHBHO 
nponaraHflHpyeica Mbicjib (HecoMHeHHO, cooTBeTCTByiomaa k 3 k cthxhhho 
B03HHKiueH mcononw KasaxcTaHCKoro npesHfleHTa h ero np H 6flH)KeHHbix 
ia K h peajibHOMy nojioaceHHio Bemefl), mto tuiacTb npeafweHTa - BH e cn CT e- 
mh pa3AeneHH5i B^acTen h Has H e H . ^yMaerca, 4T0 BcenapoitHO HtfpaHHufi 



205 



flHHTpnH (DypMaH 



rbesHaeHT o^uetBopaeT ewHCTBO KasaxcxaHCKoro Hapoaa k 3 k «CT04HHKa 
SStLhhoh wiacTH, coneTaa b ce6e bco no/moiy BJiacxn, HesaBHCHMO 

^1^X3™!' hxo ochwwich *y»T ™,hoct H » npe3 H AeHxa. E M y 

SxeraSa Ka K cbctckoh h fl eM0 K paxH4ecK0H aepxaBb,, HMsexca n P e 3 H- 
„cny6™KH HypcyjiraH AShidcbhh Ha3ap6aeB... Ero mmujieicr, kom- 
nei hthoctI noMHoxeHHbie Ha pauHOHUiro, uozmn*™ e M y Gun. ^acxo- 
ITwom*"*. ^eHOMeH H. HaaapSaeBano KOH U a He H3yseH... Oh rap- 
mohhhho co^Taex rcecm W a h bocxohhopo, k 3ana flH oro cmji^. 
SpK) b ceronHH, nrfmo Hypcy.xaHa, oh onpatw Bepy Hapo,a ™a- 
K)iuero c hhm gboh HaaexAbi*'". «PajuiiaJibHaa SKOHOMHMecKas P^mJ b 
EaxcxaHe - sxo npexae Bcero bojih HasaptoeBa."'. «Mw wwi*hu 6b m, 
SoSphh BceBbimHeMy 3 a to, mto y namero napo*. ecrb t 3 koh cuh^. 
S SxcxancKHX MycynbMan roBopnx: **^*V™^™*£ 
™ a oeasbiBaer Men* OKaabmaxb BceMepnoe coaencxBHe peajiHsauHH crpare 

SaxcT ne apxMenHCKon AcxaHHHCKHft h AnMaaxHH™ Ajiocchh . HJCT 
emeLbiue Oh roBop H x 6yKBMbHO oieny.oiuee: «Eor.&iarocnoBWi Ka3ax- 
ct1hu™6oh mwioSfwo. Kor fl a «3 Heap Hapoaa B 03SBMr xaKoro cbina, k 3 k 
HvDcvJiTaH Ha3ap6aeB» 121 - , 

KaKxe ncnojibsyexca npesHaenxoM ero HeorpaHHneHHaa BJiacxb? 



11 



Oahhm h3 maBHb.x apry M eHxoB b no;ib3y ycxaHOBJieHHH CBoero , bccbm*- 
thh Ha 3 a P 6aeB Bceraa BbiaBHra, Heo6xo flH MocTb ^^^X"™ oh 
nvra dmhothhx ped>o P M. Ha 3-fi ceccHH AccaM6JieH HapoflOB KasaxcxaHa oh 
™t "S" xopomo %o Hex HHKaKHx Bb,6opoB, HHaMe «Hac oxwh 6b, 
™a roTa wLpHbix Sara,™.. HaM 6b, eceM 6bu,o He w 3K0H0MHHecKHX 

Pe<t>0 M P fleflCTBHTejibHO, Ka K KasaxcxaH snanHxejibHO aaJibuie, ^m Pocchh, 
npo^raexc b 3xot nepnoa no nyx H cawm* »«nopi^«« caci«™. ™* 
oh aaJTbiue Hee npoABuraexcs h no nyx H P hhothhx peiopM. Ha Bonpoc poc- 
cH«CKoro HHxepBbroepa, hto oh aywaex o npHHunax 3a fl ep>KKH pe<popM b 
SS Haaaptoai oxBenaex: «M H e npeacxaB^exca, hxo ne nocmmiKMO 
poL 3*ecb JpanH - nojiHXH.ecKaH 6opb6a, paucoji pocchhckoh nonKiH- 
SecKOH 3.HTU.! a xaKxe nepMaHenxHHe H36 H paxe,bHb [e . ^iroHin ^ koxo- 

Dbie K3K H3BeCXHO, OXHHMaiOX OHeHb MHOFO CHJ1 H CpCflCn*'". H, OHeBHflHO, 

H 3ap6ae B b 3 Ha,Hxe,bHOH Mepe npae. Oh .yBCXByex ce6« yBepeHHee ^ eM 
FjTbUHH nocjie pasroHa Bxoporo napjiaMeHxa h npoiweHHH hojihomo^h oh 

B006UIC HC HCTHTMBaCT KaKOrO-^60 ^HCXHXyUHOHa^bHOFO* npOXHBOiteH- 

™r« MO^cex npaKT H Hec KH He cHHxaxbc a c oem^j^M MHe = 
B 3xox nepHOfl npesHfleHX no^nncbiBaex Maccy noflroioBJieHHbix ero mmh 



206 



nocTcoBeKKHH nojiHTHHecKHH pe«HM ItoaxcTaHa 



HHCTpauHefl yicasoB, hmcioiuhx CHJiy saKOHa h cosaawiUHx npasoByjo 6a 3 v 

pBIHOHHOH 3K0H0MHKH. 29 ,HBap fl 1996 P., B*eHb nq^BoKSS 

y^S *' * Ka3aXCTaHCK ^ U P*™» nyttaHicyer w m hobux 

MHnP ™ 3aXCTaH 3KTMBHee P0CCHH 0TK P WBaeT <=BOH 60raTCTBa HHOCipaHHMM 

HHBeciopaM, K0TO P b.e npowHO o6ocHOBb.Ba.oTc;. b TonjiHBHo-aHeprWc 
kom KOMrweKce. npoHcxomn- npHBaiHaauHH aneinpocraHUHfl^S ™ 

irauier yxe b 1997 r. pocchhckhh xypHajiHcx, Bnojme BeposiHO HCKpeHHe 
Bocx^eHHHM ycnexaMH KasaxcraHa, ,,..„ KaaaxcTane („e 6e 3 ochoLTh) 
nonanuor to «a HeKOTopbix HanpaajieHHHx y*e He Kasaxcrany np££S 
joroHHTB Pocc™, a Pocchh KaaaxcraH,-. OocieneHHO Kaaaxc/a "npespa 

ZSnT l ^ ,CCHH B nP ™ eP CT0J,b 6 ™* P° cc ^^^y coaHaHHK) a ?o- 
pHiapHOH MoaepHnaauHH, e flBa jih He omens* nonyjiapnoe b Manage 

90-X IT. FlHHOMeTOBCKOe HhJIH. no^djic 

n nnrt ECTeCTB ^ HH °' HT ° n P HBa ™ 3a «"H, npoBO^HMaa <paKTH^ecKH hhkomv He 

Z ST™ ' " e MOraa HC B6C ™ K o5ora >™ npe^e BcerTa- 
moh 3toh M acT H> to ecTb n P e 3HjI e H Ta h HanSo^ee 6jih 3K hx k H e M y jihu Ta- 
Koe oSorameHHe fl a*e He npeanojiaraex Ka K oro-To ocoSoro Kopbiciojuo- 
oh* - oho npoHcxoflHT ecrecrBeHHHM nyre M , «ca M o co6ofl»i* H B n 0J1He «. 
£SS ™ B0CnpHHHMaeTCfl "P«HAe H TaM H KaK hchto HesaKOHHoe h 
B KasaxcTane, KaK h b Pocchh (h K a K npa K THHec KH bo Bcex pecny6;iHKax 

v ™r™T r 0Hfl ™ e ' CeMbHv> H ceMe » Horo ™<™a. Bhoc^ctbhh 
y KaaaxcTancKOH «Ce M b H » boshhkhyt HenpwaTHoc™ b cbjbh c paccjieaoBa- 
hhhmh «0TMHBaHH fl fl e He r» Ha 3anMe.(«Ka3axrefri»)»2.. Ho b cepwiiHe 
90-x rr. ao 3Toro ewe fl a*e K o. coctohhhh caMoro H . HaaapSaesa h ero ace- 

SiS^o^S^i?" 01 ™ " er ° CeMbH) ' eCTeCTBeHH0 ' HHHero TOHHO 
Znfu ° e TP " fl0l)epH n P e3H aeHTa - aaMysceM 3 a snojiHe «ocp H - 

UHajlbHblMH* MHJI^HOHepaMH H A H0B P eMeHH0 KpynHblMH «4HH0BHHKaMH- 

nojiHTHKaMH*. XlapHra - ca M a waea CoeeTa iinpeKTopoB KpyrmeBmero Ka- 
saxcTaHCKoro MMHa-xow™ «Xa6ap». Ee M y* Paxar A^h^b re H paJ1 B 

HauHOHajibHon 6e 3 onacHocTH, laiace 6n 3 HecMeH-MHMHOHep. MyxjlHHa- 
pw - ooth H3 caMbix KpynHb.x He^THHbix «ojiHrapxoB» T HMyp Ky™6ae B 
(He<pTflHbiM «cuiHrapxoM» HB^eTCH h imeMHHHHK Ha3ap6aeBa Kafipax Ca- 

Z T^ r H " M ^ ^ HH ~ CbIH KH P™3C K oro npe 3H ieHTa Ac K apa Ak 3 - 
esa Awaap, paSoTaBuinn b An M a™ b Ka3K0MMepu6aHKe, a bto P oh mv^k - to- 
xce K P ynHbiH npeanpHHUMaTejib ^aHHJip CaKeHOB'30 
p„ J 0JI n, CeMe " HbIX H P°WTBeHHb.x CBaaefi b Ka3axcTa H e eonbiuc, new b 

POCCHH»], M, OqeBHflHO, ny6jIHHHa fl po^b P 0flCTBeHHHK0B n P a B HTe^ 3 BOC- 

npHHHMaeTCfl KasaxcKHM co3HaHHe H 6ojiee «cnoKoftHo», neM b Pocchm k 3 k 
HeHTO ecTeciBeHHoe. ^omkh h shtbh EjibuHHa ^epxa/iHCb b T e HH h ne 3a HH - 
MajlH oco6 ° BaxHHX noc TOB (nepHoa ny6jiHHH0H P oj.h TaTbHHbi flwmeHKO - 



207 



flMHTpnii OypMaH 



oneHb Hejv»rHfl}. B Kasaxctane flapHra h Bee son* Ha3ap6aeBa - KpynHbie 

.,.™ nSii b KasaxcKOM o6wecxBe nrparot cbsbh KMJiJwecKHe, njieMeHHbie h 
™* B 3™ acxv. « ooeciBeHHOc™ Bxo flfl T Bee fl a*e caMbie flUtbHK 
S^HHfflVcBoftciBeHHHKH npeMWina'» h npocio ero o fl HocejibHa- 
P H e - BbZuT, H3 ero poahoh fl epeBHH HeMOJiraia (b KasaxciBHC aaxe B03- 

' ero c^ ToHTpo^py^ 6yKBa»bHo see cftepu 3 kohomhkh h o6u»cibch- 
"hm -. Ec-tLho, hto b 3, H Te «P"A™£^^ 
-«n6aeBCKoro Crapuiero xysa, AOMHHHpoBaHHe KOToporo b KasaxciaHCKOH 
SSSSnci k 60-Mrr., K oraa bo r.ase Kaaaxcnwa sera, Bbixoaeu h 3 

^^SJ.'S^ h npHtoH^HH.ax, b «CeMbe» b uhpokom 
cJL" SiOBa liS) Po^b Hrpaiar sooSuie He Ka 3 axn, HanpuMep 

TeJibHefluiHXJ!K>aefl Kasaxcxana «ajnoMHHneBbi H Kopo;.b» eepeM A.MauiKe 
^taaraex^axcxaHCKHft Hcoieaosaxeiib, 3th j.»iih <™« <*™» 
k ^Un»my, noxoMy mto «b cmiy cBoefi 3THHHecK0H HejienmoiHOCiii 6y- 
n^ BeDHO OTTb naxpony^, h hx np H 6;iH>KeHHe h o6orawe H ne - aBJie- 
S To xe nop aW a, «k h nepeaana HaH6o.ee cTparerMHecKH hkhux h 
ZoZ* cupbLx oipacncft b pyx* H HocT P aHHoro, a He K a3axc K oro KanH 
S SacTb crpeMHTca, HXo6b> caMbie aoxoflHbie m caMbie BaxHbie aw cxpa- 
™nafe£S Ha 3Kcnopx orpaoiH Sunn «ih no* npsMb.M KOHxpojieM 
IeS" no fl ee a»^» KonxpeeM nocpw™^^ 
H ejiHrHTHMHbix» mwenxoB, noJiHOCTbK) saBHcaiuHx ot npe3HAeHTa h ero ce 
m" Z no, KOHTpo-eM HHoapaHHBU KOMnaHHH, f™»™™™° m 
obix HeiA^ano BHyipeHHefi noJiHXHKH KasaxcxaHa. Hanponffi, flocxyn He 
.ceMeSoro* HauHonaJibHoro KanHtajia k npinaTKaaiuiH Ha H 6o;,ee «ia K o- 

^ZT^Z^T.Ce^ » . -POkom cMHC^e OT , 
BHimanueii enn ecex juuibHHX poacxBeHHHKOB h 6 ™ r ^f™^ 
tob, KOHeHHO, Jimiib nacTb np H BaTH3H P oBaHHbix 6oraTcrB>*. noafflHee 
M AV330B cxaacex 06 sxom BpeMenn: «...EbUio raxoe 6ecne™oe... BpeM*, 
KorS BnacTH npaBH, xBaxaxeJibHHH hhcxhhkx. H Bee H a6 H pa™, Ha6HBa- 
^h KapMaHb.. Becejio h 6e3Max e >KHO»>3 6 . OGoramarcxca see KpynHbie rocy- 
ZcTBeHHbie .hhobhhkh, npviSjTHxeHHb.e k npe 3 HiieHx y . Mmi.HOHepaMU 
SJSSi npeMbepu Ceprefi Tepeme HK o (1991-1994)". AM Kaxe- 
SZh 099T-199?), hpoxo^h no «Ka 3 axreH T y ; ^^^ 
M 997-1999) npo npeMbepa H .TacMaraM6eT0Ba (2001-2003) H3Bec™o, hto 
oh KOMeKUHOHep roBCJiHpHNX H3 fl e. H ft H3 cepeSpa h ciapHHHbix aBTOMa- 
uTHH^Booeuw, co 3fl aeT Cfl Bne^eHne, mto creneHb cnHRHKn b™<™ " 60- 
mcTBa b Ka3axcTaHe Bbime, MeM b Pocckh. np H xo fl H3 naciHoro 6H3Heca H a 
ocywcTBeHHyK, cy>K6y h B03B P ai« H3 cyx6b> b 6H3Hec ; K aK H *aK- 



208 



flocTCOBeTCKMH nojiMTimecKHH pexuiM Knaxaam 



TH^ecKoe coqeTaHHe cnyx6bi m 6H3Heca, 3flecb aaieHHe coBepmeHHO Hop- 
MajibHoe, h npo MHorae Ka3axcTaHCKne ny6jiHHHbie?<JiHrypbiTpy,nH0CKa3aTb, 
kto ohh - cKopee 6H3HecMeHbi hjih CKopee hhhobhhkh. 

BoKpyr Kaxnoro Ha3HaneHHoro Ha3ap6aeBbiM MHHHcrpa hjih aKHMa - 
CBOH «CeMbH», CBOfl CHCTeMa KJlHeHTOB, h Ha3HaMeHHe hoboto aKHMa oveHb 

Macro BJieqeT 3a co6oh nepeae/i co6cTBeHHOCTH l4 i. KoppynuHOHHbie CKaHjia- 
jih, KaK npaBHJio, cBsmHHbie c 6opb6oH xjraHOB 3a npHBara3HpyeMyro co6- 
CTBeHHOCTb, coTpjicaioT Ka3axcTaH, ho Ha3ap6aeB b stot nepnoa othochtch 
k KoppynuMM AocTaTOHHO cnoKOHHOi«. )lo3xe 6opb6a c KOppynuHefi o6t>hb- 
juieTCfl oahhm H3 ocHOBHbix npnopnTeTOB rocyaapcTBa, ho cneuH(j)HqecKH 
Ka3axcTaHCKHM h rpoTecKHbiM acneKTOM stoh 6opb6bi flBJiaeTCJi to, hto py- 

KOBOflJfT aHTHKOppyilUHOHHblMH KaMnaHHflMH 6j]H>KaHUIHe pOflCTBeHHHKH 

Ha3ap6aeBa PaxaT Anmn 11 Kaftpar Ca™6ajiflbi, b pe3yjibTare nero 3th Kani- 
naHHH oiyacaT npexae Bcero ycTpaHeHHio KOHKypeHioB ceMefiHoro 6n3Heca 
h yKpenjieHHK) kohtpojia «CeMbn» Han 3kohomhkoh. 

npHBara3auna b Ka3axcraHe, KaK u b Pocchh, npeoneayeT He TOJibKO 06- 
inne couHa^bHO-3KOHOMHMecKHe uejiH, a TaioKe uejin Jimnoro o5orameHna 
npMBaTH3aTopoBHHx6jiH)KHHx, HOHuejinnojiHTimecKHe. EmeB 1991 r. Ha- 
3ap6aeB roBopmi Ha iweHyMe LJK Kn Ka3axcTaHa: «caMH KOMMyHHCTbi 
aaiDKHH nOKa3aTb npninep h cMejiee B03rjiaBJisTb npHBairoHpyeMbie o6teK- 
Tbi...»i« . H 3tot npH3bm 6bui ycjibiuiaH 14 *. HoMeHKJiaTypHaa sjiHTa (h b jiHue 
ee HenocpeflCTBeHHbix npeflcraBHTejieii - h oco6chho b Jinue hx /WTeH h 

6JIH3KHX pOflCTBeHHHKOB - B Ka3aXCTaHe B03HHK nOJiyWyTOMHblH TepMHH 
«3K0H0MHKa njieMJWHHKOB») 6bICTpO npeBpaTHJiaCb B 3JIHTy C06CTBeHHH- 

kobi«. H nocKOJibKy npHBaTroauMi b rpoMEumoH Mepe HfleT «H3 pyK Bjiaciw 
h npH MHHHMajibHOM yiacraH 3aKOHOB, 3to nopoamaei 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb 
3JiHTbi bo B^acTH, ee KOHCojiHaaunio BOKpyr npe3HfleHTa. Bch ajiirra HanHHa- 
er npeacTaBJiHTb co6ofi rpoMaaHyio h onoacHyio CHcreiwy, b kotopoh ecTb 
rpynnu kjihchtob pa3Hbix HaH6ojiee BJiHflTejibHbix jihu, KOTOpwe b cboh> 
04epe;ib o6pa3yioT rpynny kjihchtob -sioiaHa Ha3ap6aeBa», h b kotopoh Bee 
CBS3aHbi CBoero poiia KpyroBoii nopyKOH. Flpw 3tom conepHHnecTBo h 6opb- 
6a 3a co6cTBeHHOCTb oraejjbHbix rpynn npHHHMaer (popMy 6opb6u 3a BHHMa- 
HHe h MHJiocTb npe3H,aeHTa, h caM« pacKOJibi b 3JiHie, xaKHM o6pa30M, b *a- 
kom-to Mepe cjiyxa? ero BJiacTH, yKpenjiaiOT ee. 

KaK h b Pocchh, pbiHOMHbie pe«J)opMw, npHHecuiwe o6orameHHe Bep- 
xyuiKe, OflHOBpeMeHHO npHHecjin o6HHiuaHHe ochobhoh inacce Hace^eHHn, 
b pe3y^bTaTe wero no cpaBHeHHio c cobbtckoh siioxoii 3HaHnxe;ibHO Bbipoaio 
couHajibHoe pacc^oeHHe, h conpoBoxonajmcb pe3KHM naaeHHeM BBFI. Ho 
3to naaeHHe paHo hjih no3AHo jkwdkho 6buio npeKpaTHTbcsi m HanaTbca nocT- 
TpaHC(popMauHOHHbiH pocT. B Ka3axcTaHe oh HaHHHaeTca b 1996 r. ( +0 5%) 
h npoAOJTxaeTCH b 1997 r. (+1,7%). B 1998 r. Kasaxcran HcnbiTbiBaeT no- 
cjieaCTBHa a3Ha-rcKoro h poccHHCKOro kph3hcob - BBn BHOBb naziaeT Ha 
1 ,9%, ho 3areM oh BCTynaex Ha nyrb 6bicrporo pocia h c 1999 no 2004 r. BBn 
yBejTHHHBaeica Ha 45% ! «. 



209 



flMmpHH 4>ypMaH 



06maa iiHHaMHKa naneHHa h pocTa BBfl b Pqcchh h Ka3axciaHe cxo- 
jkm, ho Ka3axcraH pe3Ko o6roHaeT Pocchio no reMnaM pocia h ceHnac aBJis- 

eTCH «CaMOH flHHaMHHHO pa3BHBaiOWeMCfl CTpaHOfi C pblHOHHOH 3K0H0MH- 

koh Ma BceM nodcoBeTCKOM npocrpaHCTBe» W7 . Bojiee Toro, Ka3axcraHCKaa 
3K0H0MHKa - oflHa H3 Han6ojiee 6bicTpo pacrymnx skohomhk MHpa. OMe- 
bruho, MoryT 6biTb caMbie pa3Hbie mhchmm o npKHHHax oTHocHTe/ibHbix yc- 
nexoB Ka3axcTaHa, b 3HaHHTejibHOH Mepe, hccomhchho, CB33aHHbix c 6jia- 
ronpHHTHOii b BbicmeH creneHH KOHUOHKtypoH ueH Ha HecpTb (h xeM SoJiee 
06 hx npOHHOcTH). Ho BnojiHe BepoaTHo, hto oahoh H3 hhx Ha caMOM aejie 
SBJiaeTca nocjieaoBaTejibHOCTb pe(jx)pM, KOTOpyro oSecnenHBajio xecTKO aB- 
TopHTapHoe npaaneHHe neJiOBeKa, aeMCTBHTejibHO BOcnpHHHBiuero «pbi- 
HOHHyio naeojiornio», TeM 6ojiee hto OHa, b ee no3/wecoBeTCKOH-nocT- 
coBeTCKOH HHTepnpeTauHH, nojiHOCTbio cooTBCTCTBOBajia ero jihhhhm hh- 
TepecaM. 

12 

HaBepHoe, 1998 tor Hanajica KaK caMbift cHacniHBbift ron. Ha3ap6aeBa. 
B 3tom rojiy oh ocymecTBJiaeT cbow BejiHKyio Memy. 

B HKUie npoHcxojiMT nbimHaa npe3eHTauna hoboh ctojihuh - AcraHbi, 
KOTOpaa npH3BaHa yKpenHTb HOBoe rocyuapcTBo (OHa pacnonoxeHa He Ha 
k»khoh OKpaHHe, KaK AjiMa-ATa, a b ueHTpe, nepeHeceHHe cTOjmubi hojdkho 
cnoco6cTBOBaTb KaK «Ka3axH3auHH» ceBepHbix perHOHOB, raK a oCBo6oxcae- 
hhk> Ha3ap6aeBa ot aaBJieHH« nojwTHnecKH aicrHBHoro h cooHHoro k on- 
no3HUHOHHOCTH ajiMaaTHHCKoro HacejieHHai^)- tom, hto 3HaHMTAJia Hero 
AcTaHa, oh no3*e roBopHT b ohhom HHTepBbio 3anaaHHM acypHaiiHCTaM: «Ha 
BocTOKe Hapoii othochtch k cbohm pyKOBonHxejiflM c 6oJibiiiHM yBasteHHeM, 

H KO MHe nOflXOJIHJIK JIKIW H TOBOpHJIH, HTO HM XOTeJIOCb 6bl nOCTaBHTb MHe 

naMSTHHK, KaK 3T0 cjiejiajiH b TypKMeHHcraHe b necTb TypKineHSaiun. fl CKa- 
3aji: 3aneM? AcTaHa - 3TO h ecTb naMHTHHK... % jmhho ynacTBOBaji b npoeK- 
rapoBaHHH Kaxiioro flOMa... SI - apxHTeKTop.... MHe npmujiocb crpOHTb 
cTpaHy* 14 '. HaropxecTBax npe3eHfaunn noflBbinHBiune Ha3ap6aeB, AKaeB h 
Kynina TawuyiOT BMecTe c O. KnpKopoBbiM Ha otkphtoh ahckotckc, hto 6m- 
jio 3acHflT0 h nepeaaHO pocchhckhm TejieBHfleHHeM. 

M b 3tom ace roay Ha3ap6aeB BbinaeT cboio noHKy Ajihkj, ynHBmyiocfl b 
nacTHOH uiKOJie b UlBefiuapnH, 3aTeM CTaBiuyio cTyfleHTKOH-HCKyccTBOBe- 

flOM B OflHOM H3 aMepHKaHCKHX yHHBepCHTCTOB, 3a CTyfleHTa-3K0HOMHCTa 

yHHBepcmeTa uiTaTa MepnneHa b CUJA Aftaapa AKaeBa, cbiHa npe3HfleHTa 
KnprcnHH AcKapa AKaesa. 3tot nepBWH h noKa eflHHCTBeHHbiH 6paK Mexay 
npeacraBHTeJiaMH npaBatuwx b CHr jiHHacTHii OKa3ajica HeyaanHbiMiso, ho 
Toraa, ecTecTBeHHO, oh 6bm 6ojibiuoft paaocTbio aJia npe3HnenTa. 

CBaflb6a npe3H!ieHTCKHX jieTeB onwcaHa b craxbe npHcyrcTBOBasuieH Ha 
Hew MOCKOBCKOfl xypHanHCTKH C. LUepMaTOBOH'51, xopouio nepeiiaBuieH ee 
aTMOcqbepy, b KOTopoii ecTb h hchto ot TpaflHUHOHHoro cpeflHea3HaTCKoro 
rmpa no cjiynaro 6paKa ztByx xaHCKHX AeTen, h eme 6ojibiue ot npa3iiHecTBa 

210 



'. nocTCOBeTCKHti no^HTHMecK Hti peiKHM Ka3axaaHa 

coBercKOfi HOMeHoarypbi, craBiuefi xenepb «hobwmh xaaaxaMH*. B xopxe- 
CTBe iniacTByjor <fc Kh P ko P ob, 3. IpHropoBHH H toa flbexa, a ca M cvacT- 
jiubhh oieu HeBecTbi hcikwihjui necHH h 3 KHwxpHJibMa «Bec H a Ha 3apeH H oft 

S 69 " " a ™ 0C(|)epa BeceJIba > AOBonbcraa h paaoc™. H Kaxexca, ao- 
2WU r. moxho Boo6me hh o hcm oco6eHHO He 6ecnoKOHTbca 

O/waKO s 0KTJi6pc 1998 r., Bbiciynaa H a 3aceaaH HH o6e HX na^ai nap^a- 
MeHTa Ha 3 ap6aeB HeoxnaaHHO BbiABHraeT «nporpa M My fleMOKpaTM3a- 
uhh». Oh roBopH-r: «C K axy wecTHo: nepconajibHOiyiH nera... HeT HHicaKHx 
BHeuiHHx npHHHH hath H3 Ta K yK> aeMOKpa™ sauna, orpaHHHHBaa co6ct- 
Be HH yio BJiacTb*, ho «mo» napoa BbicTpa^ui c B o6o fl y». fleMOKpaTHsauna 
BK^roqaeT BBeaeHHe lOaonojiHHTejibHbix mcctb Maacujince^HaenyraTOB 
H36 H paeMbix no napTHHHbiM aiHCicaM, npeaocxaBJieHHe napjiaMeHiy npa B a 

H3MeHHTb KOHCTHTyUHK), ecJIH 33 HSMeHCHHA - 80% AenyraTOB B KaXflO* H3 

najia-r h t.a. Bee 3to He ia K ne yx 6ojibWHe H3Me H eHHH, ho rjia BH oe - He b 
hhx. 1 jiaBHoe 3HaneHHe 3thx «AeMOKpaTHHecKHx» HOBOBBeaeHnti - SbiTb b 
eflHHOM «na>ceTe» c aefiCTBHTejibHo bbxhhm, ho He cjihiiikom aeMOKpa™- 

Ha 3 ap6aeB pemaei HapyuiHTb nocTaHOB*eHHe He Tan mbho npoBeaeH- 
Horo pe<})epeHflyMa h noflra Ha aocpOTHbie npesHfleHTCKHe BbiSopbi oaho- 
BpeMeHHO y^HHMB cpoK npe3fweHTCKnx nojiHOMOTHfl c 5 no 7 Jier (0™eHa 
pciucHHeM najwaMema peiue H na pe^epewiyMa, Koxopbrn bo BpeMa era npo- 
BeaeHiw oeiHBJiajica BbicweH HHCTaHUHea, npaMbiM BbipaxeHweM napon- 

HOK BOJIH, Bblllie KOTOPOH HHHerO, 6b.Tb He MOHtd'H, HeCOMHeHHO, HeKOH- 
CTMTyUHOHHa. Ho MS J1HHHOH BJiaCTH TeCHbl JIK>6bie 3aKOHM, B TOM 4HCJie H 

Te, KOTopbie (paKTHHecKM npHHHJia OHa caMa.) 

GiyxH o TaKHx ruiaHax npe3HaeHTa xoahjih eme JiexoM 1998 r Ho Toraa 
Ha 3 ap6aeB meropiMecKH hx orpimaji: «He T . Eoih Moero kopotkofo HeT 
HeaocraTOHHO, eiue pa 3 noBtopio - H e T . Bbi6o P b. 6y flyT npoxoAHTb con,ac HO 
KOHCTHTyuHH: b 1999 roay H36H P aeTca napjia M eHT, b 2000-m - npeuwem** 
lenepb BbiacHmocb, kto cyiyxH Bee xe Sbuia BepHbi. 

Bee aejiaeTca b yxe 3HaKOMOM HaM cneumJMnecKH Ha3ap6aeBCKOM cth- 

Jie HeCKOJIbKO H3HBHbIX H «WHTbIX 6e^bIMH HHTK3MH* XHTpOCTeH OnaTb D3- 

3birpb.BaeT CSI usjiuH cne K Taioib. npe^oxeHne o aocposHbix BbiSopax h 
npoflJieHHH cpoKa hcxo^ht, ecxecxBeHHO, He ox HasapSaeBa, a OTflenyraTOB ' 
Ha3ap6aeB xe tobopht: «...^aBa H Te He pasBHBaTb 3T y TeMy, 3T o moh HacToa- 
T^bHaa npocb6a»'^. Ho aenyra™ «6pocaiOT Bbi30B» npesnaeHTy h non™ 
eflHHorjiacHO 7 oK^epa npoBajiHBaioT npesmxeHTCKHe npe^oxeHHH no ne- 

M0K P aTH3aUH H . n P e3HfleHT rOBOpHT: « H He CKpWBaiO, HTO Bb! MeHfl EOCTaBH- 

jih b oieHb Tflxejioe nojioxeHHe. H stofo He oxman». TojibKO nocjie topo 
KaK npesnaeHT ycTyn»u mhchx ipe6oBaHHeM aocpohhhx Bbi6opo B corjia- 
CHJica, JienyTaTbi npHHajin naKeT nonpasoK k KOHCTHTyuHH b ue^oMiss 

Aia nero OKa3ajincb HyxHbi aocpoHHbie Bbi6opbi? 

flejio b tom, mto Ha caMOM ™xe cBoero MorymecTBa Ha3ap6aeB oiuyr^ 
HOByio cepbe3Hyio yrpo3y cBoefi B^acTH. 

211 



flMHTpHM *VPHaH 

13 

3ra HOBaa ymosa, Ha Ham nanism, npHHUHnna^bHO oTJiimeTca ot Bcex 
npefluieciBOBaBUiHX. OHa B03HHKaeT He H3 co™HO-3KOHOM H HecKoro 
KDHSHca, a cKopee HaoSopot, b cb*3h c buokqm h3 Hero, h ne «3 conpoiHB- 
i* « H cxoJoro Ma T e P Ha,a», rex couna^Hnx oa, ™™^™«*™' 
saxcraHCKOM o6iuecTue b momcht ciaHOBJieHHfl pexHMa, a ot hobmx couh 

LbHUX CHJI, nopO^eHHblX caMHM POHHOM, CaMOH HOCTCOBeTCKOH TpaHC- 

cboDManneH o6mecTBa. 

Pa 3 BHTHe Kasaxciana h pasBHine Pocchh myr OTHOcnTe^HO napaji- 
jiejibHO Ho HeKOTopbie npoueccb. h sBJiemw, HMMaHeHTHbic m KasaxcraH- 

CKOH H POCCHHCKOH CHCTeMaM, npOHBJlJiWTCfl B OflHOH H3 STHX CtpaH C 60JIb- 

uSi ^pKocibK) h paHbiue, neM b flpyroft. H xot* m* KasaxcxanueB, k 3 k >. u» 
XHTOieft flpymx nocTcoBexcKHX pecnyfininc, cbohctbchho yHaciieWHoe c 
« H Mrie P ™» BpeMeH npencTa^eHHe o tom, mto Pooch* Bcema B nepw« - h 
b xopoiueM, h b iinoxoMi*, «a caMOM ae*e 3io *me K0 »e Bceraa rax 

KoHfbjiHKT npesHfleHTCKOH B^acTH h hoboh 6ypxya3HH, b Pocchh npo- 
hbhbuihhch JiHuib nocJie npHXOfla k B^ac™ BToporo npewfleHia - nynma h 
oco6eHHO hpko - b 2003 r. c apecxoM M . Xo fl o P KOBCKoro, b Ka 3 axcTa H e npo- 
aBH jic« sHaHHieJibHO panbuie. Koh^hkt 3tot, oneBHAHO, aBJiaexca saKOHO- 
uZuu ana pexHMOB Hamero nrna. HoKa uuia npHBamauHH, HOBue 6ora- 
mh nonyiaBiuiK cocToa HH e b rpoMaflHOft Mepe «H3 py K » npeMnetmttOH ma- 
mi KOHCOJiHflHpyiOTca BOKpyr Hee. Ho Koraa coctokhmsi yxe co^hm, <pop- 
MHpyoTCH HOBb,e HHiepecbi. HoBaa 6yp»cya3Ha "anHHaer noHHMaTb, hto b 
ycjTOBHax aBTopHiapHofl CHCieMbi ee co6 CT BeHHocTb 3aiHHme H a oneHb aia- 
60 Gihuikom ^ereo npHo6pe T eHHbie npn homoiuh B*ac™ H e 3 aKOHHb.M h 
«KBa3H3aKOHHbiM» nyreM 6oraTCTBa Moryr 6b.Tb ia K xe jienco stoh ace wiac- 
Tbio 0T06paHbi'». Bo3HHKaiOT npoTHBopeMHR Mexay 3 KOH0MHMecKMM 3HaHe- 
HH eM hoboh 6yp*ya3HH, ee GoraictBOM h ee BecnpaBHeM - h cipeMJienMii 
GYPJKyaanH KorpaHHHeHHK) npesHfleHTCKOro BceB^acxHa. MeHaexca k moth- 
Bauna 6omett. n P H onpeaeJieHHOM ypoene A ocTMr H yroro 6oraTCTBa bo3hh- 
Kaer xe*a HH e KOHBepxHpoBaxb ero b o6mecTBeHHoe np H 3HaHHe h ysaxeHHe. 
C npyroii ciopoHbi, caMa BJiacrb Bee 6ojibuje Ha^naei HcnbiTbiBaib onace- 
HMa nepea KOHueHTpauweH MaiepHajibHbix pecypcoB b pyKax Jiroaen, Bce-xa- 

KH OTHaCTH He3aBHCMMMX ot Hee' 5! . 

H Koma Bpoae 6u o6mecxBO yxe npHHHJio y fl o6Hbie a^a hoboto pesKHMa 
dwpMbi - npaKTHHecKH cxojiht Ha neT cxapaa « H HTenJiHremcKaji» moepajib- 
L onno3HUH fl , djaKTHMecKH nepeuieauiaa b HOBbie chctcmh H3 noMHeco, 
sexcKHx speMen, h necKO^bKo ycnoKansaeTca, b pesyjrbTaTe Bbixoixa m 

TpaHcbopMaUHOHHOrO KP H3 H Ca H npHBblKaHHfl K HOBHM yCJIOBHflM, COUH- 

aibHbifl npoxecT HapMHbix Mace, - HeoxHiWHHO noflsnaeTca Hosaa, oGna- 
T^aa tpoMaaHMMH MaTe P Ha,bHMM H pecypcaMM onno3HUHa c<Do P M H po- 
BaBUjeftcji 3a 3TH roflbi 6ypacya3HH. 



212 



nocTcoBeTCKMii noiiHTHHecKMH pewHM Ka3axaaHa 



OStsiCHHTi,, ncneMy b noaBJieHHH h pa3BHTHH hobom onno3HUHH Ka3ax- 
CT3H OKa3ajica Bnepejw Pocchh, aoBOJibHO TpynHO, h aaecb mojkho Bbicica- 
3a?b HHuib HeKOTopbie ranoTe3bi h coo6paxeHHa. 

npexne Bcero, Haao yKa3arb Ha OTCyrcTBHe b Ka3axciaHe moiuhoh kom- 
MyHo-naTpHOTHHecKofi onno3HUHn (oTcyTctBHe, KaK Mbi yjKe tobophjih, He 
c^ynaHHoe, a nopoacaeHHoe otjimkhsmh pocchhckoh h Ka3axcKOH hctophh h 
KyjibTypu), ncxoaamaa ot kotopoh yrpo3a 3acTaM3^a b Pocchh HOBbix co6- 
CTBeHHHKOB TecHee cmraHHBaTbca BOKpyr npe3HfleHTa, kbk 3to HaH6ojiee ap- 
ko h b noHTM rpoTecKHbix (popMax npoflBHJiocb bo BpeMH poccKHCKHX npe3H- 
iieHTCKHX Bbi6opOB 1996 r. Ka3axcTaHCKaji 6ypxya3Haa 3JiHTa HeqyscTBOBa- 
jia ce6a noil TaKHMH nocTOHHHbiMH aaaneHHeM H.yrpo30H, KaK poccHftcicaa. 

OnpeaejieHHyio paub b 6oJiee 6mctpom pa3BHTHH Ka3axcTaHCKOH 6ypacy- 
a3Hofi onno3HunoHHOCTH Moryr Hrparb h njieivteHHOH h acy30Bbifl (jraicropw. 
JIkwh, Koxopbie oiuymaioT njieMeHHyio h acy30Byio jiosuibHOCTt h Moryr pac- 

CHHTblBaTb Ha HHCTHHKTHBHyK) COJlHAapHOCTb COKpOBHHKOB, He T8K OflHHO- 

ku. Ka3axcKoe o6mecTBo, coxpaHHiomee ruieMeHHbie h acy30Bbie CBH3H, He 
cranb «aTOMH3HpOBaHO» h 6e33auiHTHO nepea BjiacTbio, KaK pyccKoe. 

flpe3HAeHT CTapaeTca onepetbca Ha cojwflapHocTb h jioa^tbHoCTb k Heniy 
«cbohx» - pojoicTBeHHHKOB, 3eMj]aKOB, coruieMeHHHKOB, jiromeH H3 ero Crap- 
mero xy3a. Oh ciapaeica 3anojiHHTb hmh Bee Han6ojiee BaacHbie nocTbi b ro- 
cyflapcTBeHHOii HepapxHH h sepe3 hhx ycraHOBHTb KOHTpo^b Han ioiio4eBbi- 
mh, npexae Bcero cbipbeBMMH, SKcnopTHo-opHeHTHpoBaHHbiMH oTpacJiaMH 

3KOH0MHKH H HZR CM W®. Ho 3T0 HMeeT H o6opOTHyK) CTOpOHy. IloCKOJlbKy 

npeacTaBHTejiH apyrax njieineH h acy30B omymafOT ce6a «OTjiyneHHbiMH» ot 
Mac™ h ot Han6ojiee jiaKOMbix KycKOB co6cTBeHHOCTH, 3to ae^aeT hx no- 
TeHUHajibHbiMH onno3MUHOHepaMH. M ohh raxe MoryT pacciHTbiBaTb Ha 
«cbohx». ABTopHTapH3M HaTajiKHBaeTca na conporaBJieHne xy30Bbix h ruie- 
MeHHbix JiosjibHocTefi 160 . B Pocchh nepemeaiiiHe b onno3MUHio ojiHrapxw - 

OJHHOHKH H «3THHqeCKHe MaprHHajlbI», KOTOpblM KpafiHe Tpy^HO HaHTH co- 

npcTBHe h onopy b pyccKOM o6mecTBe, B Ka3axcTaHe - sto Ka3axn, koto- 
pue MoryT pacciHTbiBaTb xots 6bi Ha co4yBCTBne coruieMeHHHKOB. 

B KaKOH-To CTeneHH, ohcbhuho, onno3HUHOHHocTb 6ypxya3HH nojio- 
rpeBaex h oSmeHauHOHanbHbifi naTpHoranecKHH (paKTOp - HeaoBOJibCTBO 

TeM, 4T0 3K0H0MHKa B 3HaMHTeJ1bHOH Mepe B pjTtaX HHOCTpaHHblX KOMnaHHH. 

14 

3apoacn.eHHe hoboh onno3HUHH b Ka3axcTaHe CBH3aHO c JiHHHOCTbio 
npeMbepa 1994-1997 rr. My^bTHMHAriHOHepa AxxmHi KajKerejibUMHa. 

npHMoro aHajiora Kaxere^biiHHy b pocchmckoh hctophh HeT. 3to, He- 
coMHeHHO, apKHfi h yMHHH Me^OBeK, BbmBHxeHeu 6ypHOH snoxH Hanana 
90-x rr., coHeTaiomHH b ce6e MepTH h HauiHx npe6biBaBUJHx bo BJiacTH pe- 
4>opMaTopoB-npHBaxn3aTopoB rana TaHiiapa h My6afica (caM oh c ropaocTbto 
Ha3biBaji ce6a «Ka3axcTaHCKHM rafiflapoM» l6t ), h HauiHx ojinrapxoB THna Be- 
pe30BCKoro h TycHHCKoro. 

213 



flMHTpHM *ypHaH _ ___ 

TeHe3HC KaxerejifcUHHa h ero 6oraTCTB flocraTOHHO TeMeH ! «. B ero npo- 
uijioM ecTb h cjiyx6a b KrB, h yHacTHe b pocchmckom aeMOKparaqecnoM 
ABHJKeHHH b 1989-1990 rr. Bo BJiacTb oh npmiieji H3 6H3Heca, c nocra npea- 
cenaiejifl CoKwa npoMbiuuieHHHKOB h npennpHHHMaTejieft Ka3axcTaHa (Ha 
3TOM nocxy oh cmchhji nepe6paBiueroca b Pocchio Ojiera CoocoBua)'" ho, 
OMeBHAHO, ocHOBHoe coeroaHHe ckojiothjt yxe bo BJiacTH. Ha3ap6aeB, 6e3yc- 
jiobho, 3Han, mto, ynpaBJiaa 3kohomhkoh, ero npeMbep He 3a6biBaeT o ce6e, 
ho ao nopbi so BpeMeHH ero 3T0 He BOJiHOBajio. Koraa xypHajmc™ k3k-to 
cnpocmiH Ha3ap6aeBa, yBepeH jih oh, hto see BoaabmaioiUHe b Ka3axCTaH 
Ha oneHb BbiroflHbix yaiOBHflx aeHbrH HHOCTpaHHbie kommhhh - fleHCTBH- 
TejibHO HHOCTpaHHbie, a He noacTaBHbie, 3a kotopmmh npsrcyrca Ka3axcKHe 
jieHbra, oh OTBeraji: «ct)yHT ciepJiHHroB b pyKax KaacerejiwwHa h PoTiiinnb- 
na HMeex oaho aoctohhctbo* 164 . 

KaK npeMbep KascerejiuwH 6biJi paawKanbHbiM h «6e3xajiocTHbiM» npH- 
BaTH3aTopoM h M0HeTapncTOM, BHecuiHM 3HaHHTejibHbiH BKJiaa b npnujieHe- 
HHe HHOCTpaHHoro {m jierajiH3auHio nceBaoHHOcTpaHHoro) Kanwia^a. On- 
no3HUHa o6BHH5uia npeacae Bcero HenocpeacTBeHHO ero b co3HaTejibHOM He- 
AonymeHHH HauHOHajibHbix KOMnaHHfi b HaH6ojiee aoxojXHbie cbipbeBbie ot- 
pacnW". HHKaKHxaeMOKpaTHHecKHX nonojOHOBeHnii 3a roflbi npeMbepcTBa, 
Ha KOTopbie npHxojWTCJi BTopoii pa3roH napnaMeHTa w pe$epeHayMbi o npo- 

jUieHHH nOJIHOMOHHH H no HOBOH KOHCTHTyUHH, 3a HUM He Ha6jIK)jiaflOCb 

{KpoMe, moxct 6biib, 6ojibUieH, neM y .apymx bhcujhx Ka3axcraHCKHX iiesTe- 
jieK, OTKpbiTOCTH juin npeccbi). Y Ka3axcTaHCKHx jm6epaJiOB oh Bbi3biBa* 
xryMyio HeHaBHdb 166 . 

OTCiaBKa KaxerenwwHa (10 OKTa6pa 1997 r.) 6biJia CBH3aHa c paflOM 
npn4HH. npextue Bcero, nepHOjnwecKHe cmchh npe3HfleHTOM npeMbepoB 
Boo6me aBJiaKyrca oahhm H3 HOpMajibHbix MexaHH3MOB npe3HiieHTCKoro yn- 
paBJieHHH KaK b Pocchh, tbk h b Ka3axciaHe. Ohh nam npe3WieHTaM B03^ 
MoacHocib «cnncaTb» Ha hhx nacTb TpyflHOCTeK h 6ea, nocraruiKX o6mecTBO, 
h «pa3pjwnTb aTMOc<pepy», B03§yflHB Hanexjibi Ha HOByio, 6ojiee cooTBeTCT- 
Byioiuyio o6mecTBeHHbiM crpeMJieHHAM nojiHTHKy. KaxerejibflHH cian npe- 
MbepoM b 1994 r., Kortfa Ha3ap6aeB nonyBCTBOBaji, mo HaKa* HeaoBOJibCTBa 
flOCTHr TaKoro rpaayca, mo Haao noaceptBOBaTb cbohm crapwM h sepHbiM co- 
paiHHKOM C. TepemeHKO. B 1997 r. HaciaJia onepeiib KaaterejibflHHa. npH 
ero CMeuieHHH h Ha3HaneHHH hoboto npeMbepa H. EanrHM6aeBa Ha3ap6aeB, 
BbicTynan b napjiaMeHTe, ynpeKHyji npaBHTejibCTBO KaacerejibflHHa b tom, 

MTO, yBJieKUIHCb pe^OpMaMH M MaKp03K0H0MHHeCKHMH noKa3aiejisiMH , OHO 
3a6buio o npocTOM qejiOBeKe. «Bbi He 3a6biTbi! - o6pamaeTca oh k 3Thm npo- 
CTbiM jnoaaM. - % BaM HCKpeHHe coMyBCTByio, noHHMaio Bame Taxejroe no- 
jio>KeHHe» 167 . Ho 6biJiH, oneBRHHO, h apyrHe npHHHHbi. 

SHepraHHbiH h KOMnereHTHbift KaxerejibflHH 3a6pa^ b cboh pynn c^hui- 
kom SoJibuiyio BJiacTb 168 m cxpeMHJica B33Tb nofl cboh KOHTpojib h caMyio npM- 
SbiJibHyio (h caMyio «ceMettHyio») orpaoib 3KOhomhkh - He4)THHyio. KaK 

nHEieT pOCCHHCKHH JKypHa^HCT, «06teKTMBHbIM (XOTSI H BeCbMa yCJIOBHblM) 

214 



nocTcoBeTCKHii nojiHTHiecKKH peww* Ka3axoaHa 



npoTHBOBecoM HeorpaHHieHHofl npe3HaeHTCK0H iwacTH b nocnemm rojibi 
cnyxnji He nap^aMeHT (tpcthh no cneTy h noTOMy aocTaTOMHO JiojuibHbiH), a, 

KaK HH CTpaHHO, 6bIBliIHH npeMbep-MHHHCTp, HbJI 3K0HOMHHeCKaa nojiMTH- 

Ka6biJiaaocTaTOHHOHe3aBHCHMOH»iM. B Hanajie 1997 r. npramem npeanpH- 
HHMaer mara no oaiaSjieHHio no3HUHH npeMbepa - np0H3BOflHT coKpame- 
HKe KaSHHera mhhhctpob, BbiBejw 3aojH0 M3 noflHHHeHHa KaxerejibflHHy 
ynpaBJieHHe HecfmmoH oTpaaibio. 

EcreciBeHHO, hto OTcraBKa KaxerejiwiHHa, KaK h;ik)6oh BascHbift nojw- 
THHecKHft mar b peacHMax, noaofiHHX KasaxcrraHCKOMy, conpoBoacaa^acb 
«6opb6oH SyjibfloroB noa kobpom». npoTHB KaxerejiwuiHa ono;iHHJiHCb Pa- 
xaT AjineB H^apHra. Paxar, KaK rjiaBa HajioroBOii cjiya&u h niaBHbiH «6opeu 
c KoppynuHeH», cTaji «pacKpyHKBaTb» pa3Hbie naTHaiowne npeMbepa o6bh- 
HeHHg b 3K0H0MMiecKHx npecTynjieHHax, a Hapwra, KOHTponHpyiomaa 
CMM, cTa^a hx TnpaxnpoBaTbi'o. 

Ho raaBHbiM o6BHHeHneM npOTHB npeMbepa 6m*o ooBHHeHne He b Kop- 
pynuHH, a b npeanfleHTCKHx aMSHuwax. H oho hmcjio noa co6oh ocHOBaHna. 
KaacerejiwuiH He 6bui cepBwibHO npeaaHHbiM Ha3ap6aeBy, KaKero pyccKHH 
npeauiecTBeHHHK C. TepemeHKo (nocjie^HHfi Mor cKa3aTb 6yKBajibHo: 
«fl aiyxy oanoMy nejioBeKy..., noTOMy hto oh - BejiHHaHiuee Sjiaro .una cTpa- 
Hbi h juiji Hapofla»i^i). Oh bbho crpeMHjica cosaaTb ce6e 6jiaronpH$nmiH 
«hmhjdk» b CMH, npH06pec™ MHSTejibHbix apy3eM b Pocchh h Ha 3anaae. 
Bot KaK nHcajia o Kaxerejimnne too ero OTCTaBKM) poccufiCKaa raaera «Ce- 
rojiH3»: «ripoiiiMiuirii 3anaaHyio uiKOJiy 6M3Heca h BecbMa aajieKHH ot mia- 
HOBoro MeHTajiHteTa, oh Boome Mor 6bi crarb ieM nejioBeKOM, Ha Koxoporo 
Poccna CMoxeT onepeTbca b 6yaymeM. TeM 6o;iee mto, xotk Btyiyx, KaK h no- 
jioxeHo Ha BocTOKe, KaxerejTMHH BcanecKH OTpHuaeTB03MO*HOCTbconep- 
HHHaTbc Ha3ap6aeBbiM ... b 2000 roay, MHorae aHajiHTHKH CHHTaiOT, hto oh 
flBJiaerca eflHHCTBeHHOfi KaHflHflaTypoft, KOTopaa moxct 6biTb nporaBonoc- 
TaB^eHa Ha3ap6aeBy. TeM 6ojiee, hto b cTaBice Ha 3Ty $nrypy MoxeT 6biTb 3a- 
HHTepecoBaHa He TOJibKo Pocchh, ho h 3anaHHbie napraepbi Ka3axcTa H a» 172 
B KOHue aBiycTa Ha npecc-KOHtpepeHu™ KaxerejTb.nHHa b AnMa-A Te xyp- 
HanHc™ cnpaiuHBaioT ero 06 arax anyxax, pacnpoerpaHaeMbix pocchhckh- 
mh CMM. KaacerejibflHH OTBenaeT, hto ana Hero BbiCTaBMTb cbok> KaHflHua- 
Typy b 2000 r. o3Hana^o 6bi npoaBHTb HejioajibHocxb k npe3naeHTy, kotopo- 
My oh MHoruM o6a3aHi«. TaKHe ciaTbH h TaKHe oTBera ^ejia^H naaeHHe npe- 
Mbepa aScojiiOTHo HeH36exHbiM. 

B ceHT«6pe 1997 r. Kaxere^baHH 3a6o^eBaeT, ye3acaeT jrenHTbca b 
IllBeHuapHK) m 3aTeM noflaer b OTcraBKy. Flocjie yxo^a c nocTa oh Harpaayia- 
eTca opaeHOM h cTaHOBHTca 3KOHOMHnecKHM coBeTHHKOM Ha3ap6aeBa. BHa- 
Haie oh 3aaBJiaeT CBoeii oojihoh /ioajibHOCTH h tobopht: ^opora b onno- 
3HUHK) ana Mena 0Tpe3aHa... V nac ecrb AHHaMHHHo, aicrHBHo paGoxaiomHH 
raaBa rocyaapcTBa, aaBawTe eMy noMoraTb»"M. Ho nocieneHHO ero OTBexbi 
xypHa^HCTaM o njraHax Ha 2000 r. CTaHOBaica Bee 6oJiee yioioHHHBbiMHi". 

215 



flMHTpHH $ypMaH 



BcKope KaxerejiwiHH nepexoflHT b OTKpbiTyio KOHCppOHTauHK) c npe3H- 
aeHTOM. Oh npH3biBaeT k bhoophocth aKHMOB 176 h BOo6me lhhpokoh aeMO- 
KpaTH3auiin, (popMHpya y HacejreHHfl, KaK oh roBopun, «npnBHHKy conpo- 
THBJiaTbca BJiaciw 177 h BbicMeHBasi o(J)HUHajibHbie yTBepXjaeHHa, hto Ka3ax- 
daHCKOe o6mecTBo k aeMOKpaTnn He totobo. «3ro nonbiTKa «paKa 3a Ka- 
MeHb 3aBecTH», Koraa tobopht, hto HHCTHTyrw aeMOKpaTHH npeKpacHbi, ho 
mh He roTOBbi k hhm... A He HaHHeM - HMKoraa He 6yaeM roTOBbi. Ecjih bh 
He csweTe b Ka6HHy MauiHHbi, Bbi HKKoma He noHMde, KaK eio ynpaBJisrrb» ,7S . 
KoMMeHTHpya BbiCKa3HBaHHe Ha3ap6aeBa bo BpeMa ero BH3HTa b CLUA, hto 
Ka3axcTany hjih nocxpoeHHa jieMOKpaTHH HyxHO BpeMa, Bejib CLLIA mm k 
Hew 200 Jier (dpaHHoe npeacTaBJieHHe 06 awepHKaHCKOM AeMOKpaTHH, 
04eHb pacnpodpaHeHHoe cpeaH nocrcoBeTCKHX npe3HfleHT0B; to ace yr- 
Bepxna^ h T. AjiHes), KaxcerejibflHH tobopht: «Ecjih 6bi aMepHKaHCKHe npe- 

3HfleHTbI nO3B0JIflJlH Ce6e (pajlbCHCpKUHpOBaTb HTOrH Bbl6opOB H npOH3BOJIb- 

ho npoflfleBaTb cpOKH cbohx nojiHOMOHHfi, to CII1A He xsaTHJio 6bi h 500 JieT 
Ha co3aaHHe aeMOKpaTHHecKoro o6mecTBa» 179 . npH stom KaxerejibflHH era- 
paeTca npHBJienb k ce6e pyccKoe HacejieHne, roBopst 06 ero ymeTeHMH 180 , h 
Ka3axoB Mjiaauiero h CpeaHero xy30B, roBOpa 3acmibe Ha3ap6aeBCKoro 
Orapiiieroxyaa 18 '. 

06pameHHe KaxerejiwiHHa b «neMOKpaTHHecxyio Bepy» HMeHHo nocjie 
OTCTaBKH MoxeT Bbi3BaTb TaKoe xe HpoHHMecKoe oTHOineHHe, xaK h «o6pa- 
meHHH* HOMeHoaTypu (toto xe Ha3ap6aeBa), npow30uie,niiiHe b 1991 r. 
TeM He MeHee BbiCKa3HBaHHa KaxerejibflHHa HacrojibKO npoayMaHHM, hto 
TpyaHO npeacraBHTb ce6e, hto hm He npejuueCTBOBa^a pea^bHaa HHTejuieK- 
TyanbHaa pa6oTa 182 . H HecoMHeHHo, hto exoxwe npoueccw npoHcxonmiH ne 
TOJibKO b ero co3HaHHH. BbicTyrweHHe KaxerejimnHa oTpaxajio «6poxeHHe» 
b Ka3axCTaHCK0ii 3JinTe, KOTopofi nocTeneHHO craHOBsiTca TecHbi paMKH aB- 
TopHTapHoro npaaneHna Ha3ap6aeBa. 

KaxerejibflHH - Ka3ax H3 Cpe/iHero xy3a, xenaTbiw Ha pyccKOH, 6oran 
h GbiBUJHH npeMbep, nejiOBeK, npHeMJieMbift jma Bcex - h 3anana («KpenKHH 

pbIHOHHHK» H «,neMOKpaT»), H POCCHH, KOMnJIHMeHTbl KOTOpOH OH paCTOHa- 

eT, h o6jrajiaiomHH h Ha 3anaaeM, h b Poccmh npexpacHbiMH cBa33MH. 3to 
- He pocchhckhh 3ioraHOB h aaxe He «no3T h Tpw6yH» 0. CyjiefiMeHOB b 
1994 r., 3T0 pea^bHO onacHbiH KOHKypeHT. «CTapan» onno3HUHft - HjieBaa, 
h npaBaa, npeoaojTeB HenpHfl3Hb k TOMy, kto eme HejtaBHO 6bui Boruiome- 
HHeM pexHMa, cruiaHHBaeTca BOKpyr Hero. Hccomhchho, hto ero noanep- 
XHBajiH MHorwe HOBbie 6oraHH, h cpeaH aKHMOB h b Ha3ap6aeBCK0M oKpy- 
xeHHH 6buin JiiOiiH, roTOBbie «npejiaTb» cBoero uie(J>a h nepeMeTHyTbCfl k 
KaxerejibaKHyi* 4 . 

EpMyxanieT EpTbic6aeB, 6hbuihh iieMOKpaT-onno3HUHOHep, CTasuiMH 
AHpeKTopoM HHCTHTyra CTpaTerwHecKHx HccjienoBaHHH h cob6thhkom npe- 
3HfleHTa h o6jiaaaiouiHM cnoco6HOCTbfO h, oneBmHO, no3BOJieHHeM tobo- 
pHTb «u,HHHHHyK> npaBfly» IS5 , oneHb neTKO o6pHCOBaji C03flaBweeca nojioxe- 
HHe: «B Ka3axcTane Monia B03HHKHyrb cHTyauHa, Koraa flBa pecpopMarapa 



216 



nocTcoBCTCKMii noflHTHHe cKHH poKMM Ka3axtTaHa 

npaBO-jin6epajibHoro tojho HanajiH 6bi 6op b 6y 3 a Bjiacib, h 3to mofjio n P n- 
Bec™ k HenpeacKa3yeMbiM nocjieacTBHflM» | w. 

H, oneBiMHo, HMeHHo noHBJieHHe Ka»cerejibflHHa b KaqeciBe noTeHun- 
ajibHoro conepHHKa npeameHTa pesxo MeHaeT nojiHTHHecicyio CHTyauHio h 
aacraBJifleT Ha 3 ap6aeBa, k 3 k 3to xapaKTepHO mia Hero, «cbirpaib H a onepe- 
xe HH e» h noMTH H a aocpoiHbie bm6o P h, noKa KaxeraiMKH eme He ycneji 
« P acKpyrHTbCJi» h onnoMtuM* eme He KpHdawiraoBajiacb BOKpyr Hero 

flonOJIHHTejlbHblMH $aKTOpaMM MOrjIH 6bITb BOMefiCTBHe poccHHCKoro 

h a3naTCKoro(})HHaHcoBoro K P H3Hca (b 1998 r. HaqaBiuHfica P oct BBH b Ka- 
saxctaHe BpeMeHHo npHOCTaHaBJiHBaeicji) w cipax nepea HeonpeaejieHHofi 
cHiyauneH b Pocchh, rat 6jih3HTcji KOHeu 3 pbi EflbUHHa, Ha nonnepxKy ko- 
Toporo HasapGaeB Bceraa Mor noJioxHTbca's', H rae b 3to BpeMs HeT HHKaKOH 
acHOcra b Bonpoce 06 ero npeeMHHKe. 

15 

npecc-ceKpexapji KaxerejibflHHa H36wBaiOT HeroBecTHbie, ero coeeTHH- 
Ka, npHjieTeBuiero b AciaHy nepeaaTb b napjiaiweHT 6powiopy c npejuioxeHH- 
simh no aeMOKpaTHHecKOH pe4>opMe kohcthtyuhh, apecroBbiBaiOT b aapo- 
nopiy 3a «HeueH3ypHbie BbipaxceHHfl b aapec oxpaHHHKOB h conpoTHBJieHHe 
hm». H3aa H He KHnr H Kaxerejiwuma sanpewaeTca, H a no/mepxcHBarowyro 
era raseiy HaioiaAbroaeTCH unpa(|) b 370 000 aojuiapOB, npoHCxoanT aaace Ka- 
Koe-To HenoHATHoe «nojiynoi<yiiieHHe» Ha Hero (crpejijuiH, ho He nonajiw) h 
t. a. iss. Ho bcc 3to MejiOHH. HacToaiuHH y;iap 6biji HaHeceH b yxe shskomom 
HaM HenoBTopHMOM Ha3ap6aeBCKOM cTHJie. 

CoraacHO yKa3y npe3naeHTa, KaHflHjiaT, KOTopbm b TeieHHe roaa nepea 
Bbi6opaMH nonBeprajica aflMHHHCTparHBHOMy HaKa3aHHK>, c BbiSopoB chh- 
MaeTCH. IJejib raKoro yK33a coBepineHHO npo3paHHa, h, omcbhaho, Kaxe- 
rejihaHH TmarejibHO cjieawi, ito6h He coBepujHTb HeHapoKOM K3Koe-JiH6o 
npaBOHapyuieHMe. Ho eMy npodo He npHxoamio b nwiOBy, hto oh nojiBepra- 
eT ce6s onacHocTH, y4acrBya b y^peiiHTe^bHOM co6paHHH opraHH3auHH noa 
Ha3BaHHeM «3a 4ecTHbie Bbi6opbi». CtoaKo, nocKOJibKy co6paHHe 6bi.no yi- 
peaHTejibHbiM, opraHH3auHa, eciecTBeHHO, 6bijia He3aperHCTpHpoBaHHOH. 
Ho ynacTHe b pa6oTe He3aperHCTpnpoBaHHOH opraHtmiMH - npaBOHapyuie- 
HHe. 15 0KTfl6pa 1998 r. KaxerenwwH ourrpatpOBaH MefleycKHM-paiioHHbiM 
cyaoM r. AjiMa™ h b cbjbh c sthm He 3aperacTpnpoBaH UMK KaK KaawiziaT. 
CHOBa pa3birpbiBaeTca <J)apc, aHajiorniHufi TeM, KOTopbie mm y»ce HecKOJib- 
ko pa3 BHaejiH. npecc-cjiyx6a npe3HiieHTa BbiciynaeT c 3aflB^eHHeM, rae ro- 
bophtch, 4to «flaHHaH c.HTyauHJi hocht cyry6o npoueaypHbiH xapaKTep*, 
BepxoBHbift cy^ MoxeT OTMeHHTb peuieHHe paficyna, aioma h UHK H3mchht 
CBoe peuieHHeiss. 3aTeM caM Ha3ap6aeB oSpamaeTca b BepxoBHwfi cyji c 
npocb6oH nepecMorpeTb pemeHHe paKcyaaw. Ho BepxoBHbiH cya HastCMMy 
npe3HAeHTa He noMaeTcaw. 

Co CH3THeM KaxerejibJiHHa Ha3ap6aeB ocia^ca 6e3 peanbHbix conepHH- 
kobi?2. KpOMe Hero b Bbi6opax, Ha KOTopbie, no o^MUHambHbiM aaHHbiM, npw- 

217 



flMMTpkiii OypMaH 

uino 87,05% H36npaTejieH, y^acTBOBajiH: CTapbiH npoTHBHHK Ha3ap6aeBa, 
jwnep KOMMyHHdOB C. A6anJibflHH, nojiyiHBUJHM 11,7%, reHepaji V. Kacw- 

MOB, KOTOpOTO Ha3bIBaJlH «Ka3aXCTaHCKHM )KHpHHOBCKHM», mO CBH3aHO CO 

cneuH(J)H4ecKHM cmjieM ero BbictynjTeHHH'" h ero 6e3yaep>KHbiM nonyaH3- 
mom" 4 , nojiyHHBiiiHH 4,61%, h nncaTejib-3KOJior3Hre^ibc ra66acoB, Ha6paB- 
iiihh 0,76%. Ha3ap6aeB, arHTauMa 3a KOTOporo 3ano;iHHJia He TonbKO Bee Ka- 
3axcTaHCKHe, ho h Bee poccniicKHe CMHi« H b no&nepxKy KOtoporo no pyc- 
ckhm oSjiacTSM 6biJi nymeH arHTnoe3fl EappH Aiin6acoBa h rpynnu «Ha-Ha», 

nojiynmi 79,78%'*. 

. Ha 10 oicra6pa 1999 r. o6i>3BJieHbi napjiaMeHTCKHe BHbopbi. B HHCJie 
napTHH, npeTeHJiyroiuHx Ha 10 MecT, pacnpeaeJiaeMbix Tenepb no napTHii- 
hhm cnHCKaiu, ecTb h pecny6jiHKaHCKafl HapoaHaa nap™a KamcTaHa 
(PHFIK), co3flaHHaa KaxerejibflHHHM, nepBbiM HOMepoM b cnHCKe KOTopofi 
hkt, eciecTBeHHO, oh. PHnK aojiacHa SfaiJia 6jioKHpoBaxbCfl Ha Bbi6opax c 
KI1K. Ho nocjie OTCTpaHenHa KaxerejiwiKHa ot npe3HjieHTCKHx Bbi6opoB 
aonycTHTb ero b napjiaMeHT Ha3ap6aeB yxe HHKaK He MoaceT. 

Ecjih ot npe3HaeHTCKHx Bbi6opoB Kaacere/ibiiHH 6bui orcipaHeH 3a aa- 
MHHMCTpaTHBHoe npaBOHapyuieHMe, to Tenepb BJiacrb npHMeHaei opyflwe, 
KOTopoe 3aieM OHa 6yjieT npHMeHaTb mhoto pa3 - h b Ka3axcTaHe, h b Poc- 

CHH. FIpHBaTH3aUHSl H B006me BCH 3KOHOMH l ieCKaa >KH3Hb OpOXOflHJW npH 
HrH0pMp0B3HHM 3aKOHOB H HpH.TaKHX 3aKOHaX, KOTOpbie npOTHBOpeHHJIH 

apyrflpyry h modih 6biTb HdOJiKOBaHbi no-pa3HOMy. Ho 3to npeflocraBUJio 

BJiaCTH B03MOXHOCTb 3aieM nOHH3Tb .Nto60e npHBaTH3aUM0HH0e AejlO HJ1H 

HacjiaTb Ha juo6oro HejioaJibHoro 6H3HecMeHa HajioroByio v\m KaKyio-jiH6o 
HHyio HHcneKUHK)" 7 . llpoTHB KaxerejibAHHa B036yxnai0TCH yroJioBHbieaejia 
o HeyniiaTe HanoroB h 06 «OTMMBaHHH aeHer*™. 

CoynpeflHTejib PHIlKaABOKaT KaxerejiwwHa B. BopoHOB nrniieT nncb- 
mo b U.MK, b kotopom roBopHT o CBoeM nojiHOM pa3pbiBS b KaxerejibaKHbiM 
h napTHeft.' H3 caMoft cthjihcthkh nwcbMa acho, kcm oho cocrraMeHo: «A6- 
cojhotho yBepeH, hto hm (KaxerejibOTHbiM) b Hacroamee BpeMa pyKOBOflflT 
HeBeaoMbie noKa chjim, tcpafiHe 3aHHTepecoBaHHbie b aecTa6njin3auHH b 
apaHe»'». OflHOBpeMeHHO b UHK. HanpaBJiaeT CBoe nncbMO TeHepa^bHaa 
nponypaTypa. A 10 ceHTa6pa KaxerejibJUHHa 3aaepacHBaioT b MocKBe b UJe- 
peMerbeBO no npHJieiy H3 JIoHflOHa. MocKBa Bee ace He Bbmajia ero b Ka3ax- 
cxaH, h ero otnycTHJiH noarce aonpoca. Ho H3 cnncKa PHPIK KaxerejiwiMHa 
UHK BbinepKHBaei, h ero napraa b 3HaK npoTecra OTKa3HBaeTca npHHMMaTb 

ynacTMe b Bbi6opax. 

KpOMe PHFIK, U.HK 3apernCTpHpOBa^a ewe 8 napTHH, 7-npoueHTHbin 

6apbep npouujiH MeTbipe. 

KaK k b Pocchh, BJiacTb, BHana^e He xcejiaBiiiaa KaK-TO cKOBbiBaTb ceba 
napTHHMH, 3aTein HannHaeT 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTb c co3,naHneM cbohx «Kap- 
MaHHbix» napTHH. B Ka3axcTane napTHH, 3aaBJiaiomHX o 6e3oroBOpo™oii 
noMep^Ke Kypca npe3HfleHTa, He cnocoSHbix o6"bacHHTb, b neM 3aiciK)HaeT- 
ca hx oiJiHMHe flpyr ot apyra, h He 3Haioiunx, neM 3aHflibca, b 90-e rr. 6hjio 

218 



riocTcoBeTCKHH nonmmecKM pe«HM Ka3axcraHa 



co3flaHo sbho 6anbuie, HeM hjokho (napTH3 HapoflHoro eaHHCTBa, HeMOKpa- 
TM4ecKajf,I[H6epa^bHoejiBHxeHHe, 3a Ka3axcTaH-2030, «Aan*eT»). B npea- 
OTepHH Bbi6opOB 6buio peuieHO HasecTH nopaaoK b napTHiiHOM xo3a£icTBe 
M3 3thx napTHH co3aaeTcs eflHHaa nap™a «OraH» («OreHecTBo») bo niaBe co 
dapbiM copa-mnKOM - KJineHTOM Ha3ap6aeBa C. TepemeHKo™. M. Ocna- 
hob, cnKKep MaacmiHca h 3aMecraTejib TepemeHKO, roBopHT 06 «OTaH» KaK 
o «napTHn cnHHCTBa Hapoaa h BJiacTH» ai . 

BHe «Ot3h» ociatOTca use nponpe3HaeHTCKHe napTHH - ArpapHaa h co- 
aaaHHaa flpyruM Ha3ap6aeBCKHM «oHeHTOM» A. MauiKeBHHeM TpaxaaH- 
CKaa. B CHcieMe coanaBaeMOM «nceB,noMHoronapTHHHoc™», HanoMHHaio- 
mew aHanora4Hbie cMdeMw b KOMMyHHcnwecKHx Boctohhoh TepMaHHH 
hjih riojibme, «Ot3h» mhchhtcji KaK napraa «6roiwceTHHKOB», TpaxaaH- 
cKaa - 6n3HecMeHOB h pa6o4Hx npHBaTH3HpOBaHHbix npeanpHSTHH a Ar- 
papHaa - cooiBeTCTBeH ho arpapwe b 2K . 

Ha Bbi6opax «OiaH» nojiymm 30,9% w 4 Mamata no MHoroMaHztaTHOMy 
OKpyry, rpaxaaHcieaa - 11,6% h 2 Niagara h ArpapHaa - 12,6% h Toxe 
2 MaHaaTa. EflHHCTBeHHaa npeoiiojieBiiiaa 6apbep onno3HUHOHHaa napraa - 
3to KOMMyHHc™, nonymiBuiMe 1 7,6% m 2 ManaaTaaJ. BMecie c oaHOMaHaaT- 

HHKaMH, KaK BblflBHraBUJHMHCa napTH3MH, TaK H n03)Ke npHMKHyBUJHMH K 

napTHiiHbiM (ppaKUHaiw, nponpe3HjieHTCKHe (fcpaKUHM cTajw nojiHoerbio 
KOHTpojiHpOBaTb 60 napjiaiweHTCKnx MecT H3 77. Ha3ap6aeB CKa3aji: «3th bm- 
6opbi cTajm mtM poxntuwi MHoronapTHfiHoft aeMOKpaTHn» 2 w. 

OnpeaejiHTb Mecra coSbiTHfi KOHua 1998 - urnajia 1999 r. b 3bojiioukh 
Ha3ap6aeBCKoro peseta oneHb TpyflHo. Bcer.ua jienco HaxoiiHTb npH3Ha>cn 
KpH3Hca, Hana^a KOHua nocrcpaicryM, Koraa uhkji xh3hh pexHMa yxe 3aBep- 
uieH. TeM He MeHee co3flaeica BnenaTjieHHe, hto 3Tm co6biTHfl - BOflopa3aeji, 
pa3aejiaiomHH ma. nepwoiia: nepHon, Koraa pexHM pa3BHBajica «no bocxoah- 
mefi*, h nepwoa ynazixa. 

MaKCHMyivi jj^acTH y Ha3ap6aeBa 6biji b nepHoa nocjie pecpepeHjiyMa o 
npOAJieHHH nOJIH0M04HH H flO HOBblX npe3HfleHTCKHX Bbi6opoB. Bbi6opbi 

1999 r. - Bce-iaKH nepBwe, xoia 6m h <J>opMa/ibHo ajibiepHaTHUHbie BbiSopbi, 
b KOTopbix yiacTBOBaji Ha3ap6aeB, - HeKOTopoe «caMoorpaHH4eHne», bh- 
HyayieHHbiH ujar, caejiaHHbift noa nameumM. Boh, Korapwe BeaeT peso™, 
CTaHOBaTca yxe He HaciynaTejibHbiMH, a o6opoHHTe^bHbiMn. Pokhm no6ex- 
flaer, ho HHHunaTHBa yxe He y Hero. 

He ycneji Ha3ap6aeB ocBo6oiinTbca ot yrp03bi co CTopoHbi KaxerejibflH- 
Ha, KaK bo3hhk HOBbiK, eme 6ojiee onacHbiK KpM3nc. 3to CBa3aHo c KaKHMH- 
to oneHb TeMHbiMH co6biTMflMH b Heapax Ha3ap6aeBCKOH cetubH. 

16 

Bopb6a iciaHOB h «npHiiBopHbix» rpynnwpOBOK Bcerzta uuia b Ka3axcTa- 
He, KaK oHa Bceraa w.er b noflo6Hbix nosunmtcKwx peacHMax. Ho nocreneH- 
ho b Heft B03HHKaioT HOBbie 4epxbi. KjiaHbi «nycKaiOT kophh», o6pacTaioT 
KJiHeHTypofl, cocpeztOTOHHBaioT b cbohx pyKax rpoMaflHbie pecypcu. (KaK 

219 



flMHTpHH (DypMaH 



no3)Ke CKa3aji n. Cbohk, «p«khm ... Boiueji b CTaanio pacKOJiOB BHyTpH ce6a 
caMoro Ha KOHKypwpyioiUHe h BpaxayiomHe miaHOBbie rpynnHpOBKH» 2(l3 . 
BopbSa loiaHOB oxecroqaeTCfl h eeaeTca yxe »e ToubKO 3aicyjiHCHO h <oa ao- 
CTyn k Tejiy» npe3HfleHia, ho b onpeaejieHHOH Mepe h otkphto h «homhmo» 
npe3HneHTa, BbirmecKHBaeTCfl Hapyxy. Bopb6a c Ka*cerejib/WHbiM Be^acb He 
TOJibKO 3aKyjiHCHO, ho m nyreM paccyieflOBaHHH h Bbi6poca KOMnpoMaTa, cra- 
bhbuihx npe3HiieHTa nepen <paKTaMH h nonTajiKHBaBUJHx k onpeAejieHHbiM 
pemeHHflM. 3to oacecToneHHe 6opb6w rpynnnpOBOK, omcbmaho, b KaKofi-TO 
Mepe CBH3aHO h c tcm, hto OHa HaHHHaer Becracb c yneiOM Toro, hto Ha3ap- 
6aeB - He BeneH, h yxe c Sojiee aajJbHHM npHuejroin - 3a Ha3ap6aeBCKoe «Ha- 
cjieacTBO* h iwecTa b nocTHa3ap6aeBCKOM Ka3axcraHe. 

Mhcto cjiynafiHOH oco6eHHOCTbK> h poccnficKoro, h o3axcTaHCKoro pe- 
xhmob SBJiaeTca to, hto hh y EiibUHHa, hh y nyrvma, hh y Ha3ap6aeca HeT 
AeTeH MyxcKoro nojia h, cooTBeicTBeHHo, Hex h TaKHx oHeBMUHbix Hacneii- 
hhkob, KaKHM cteui cmh MjibxaM y a3ep6aw>KaHCKoro fevuiapa AjiHeBa. Ho 
ojum H3 Ha3ap6aeBCKHX 33TbeB, My* era .nonepH flapwrH, raaBa Ha^oroBofi 
noJiHUHH h 3aMecTHTe/ib npeaceaaTejia KoMHTeTa HauHOHanbHOH 6e3onac- 
hocth, reHepan Paxax A™eB, 0Ka3ajica HejioseKOM oseHb 3HeprHHHbiM h ne- 
cTOJno6HBbiM. HeH3BecTHo, bhacjijih Ha3ap6aeB b hcm npeeMHMKa, ho PaxaT 
HecoMHeHHO BHfleji ce6n npeeMHHKOM Tecra. ripw stom oh He xotcit cnoKOii- 
ho CHfleTb h >KflaTb cBoero naca n Hanaji KaKyio-TO He jio KOHua nonaTHyio 
«cbok> Hrpy*. KaK maBa H&noroBOH nojiniinn oh o6jiaflaji KOMnpoiuaTOM Ha 
bck) ica3axcTaHCKyio ajwTy. H oh, h HapHra - MejiHa-Mama™, noaroMy oh 
nine* npeKpacHyio B03MO)KHOCTb nycKaTb 3tot KownpoMaT b xoh, Koraa eMy 
HyxHO. PaxaT m Jlapnra cbirpajiH Soiibiuyio pOJib b najieHHH KaxerejiwwHa, 
h, ocBo6oflHBUiHCb ot Hero, PaxaT HanHHaeT, waHTascHpys h 3anyrHBaa 6h3- 
HecMeHOB, nofl4HH«Tbce6eoflHy 3aapyroH KpynHefiWHe <J>HpMbi 2 «. H Bce5bi 
HH4ero, ho no okhm-to HeacHbiM npHHHHaM Ha KOHTpoJiHpyeMbix hm caw- 
Tax b HHTepHeTe HaHHHaeT BbuiHBaTbca KoinnpoMaT aa Bee Gjuocaiiuiee ok- 
pyxeHHe Ha3ap6aeBa h nyrb jih He Ha catnoro npe3H,neHTa. 

B 3to BpeMa b CILIA h LUBefiuapHH apecTOBbiBaroTcn Ha3ap6aeBCKne 
cneTa h MeiuieHHO pa3Bopa4MBaeTcs «Ka3axreHT», sto aaxe BbiHy>wiaeT nap- 
jiaMeHT b Hiojie 2000 r. npHHATb 3aKOH «0 nepBOM npe3imeHTe Pecny6;iHKH 
Ka3axcTaH», rae roBopHTCfl, hto nepBbm npe3tmeHT, «JiHflep Hapojia Ka3ax- 
CTaHa, o6ecne4MBaK>mnH ero cahhctbo, 3amHTy KoHCTHTyuHH, npaB h cbo- 
6on nejiOBeKa h rpaxaaHHHa... He MoxeT hccth oTBeTCTBeHHocTb 3a fleiicT- 
BHa, CB33aHHbie c ocymecTBJieHHeM CBoero cTaTyca* 207 . (OnaTb-TaKH cxoxHe 
CHTyauMH nopoxaaiOT cxoKHe peiueHHa. 3aK0H 2000 r. npaKTHHecKH 
TO>wiecTBeH nepBOMy yKa3y nyTHHa.) B TaKoii cnTyau.HH pa3o6j]aieHHSi Pa- 
xaTa BbirjisiflHT oieHb noxoxe Ha KpHTHKy Ha3ap6aesbiM KynaeBa, Ha yjiap b 
cnHHy CTapeiomero 6occa. 

BypHaa aeaTejibHOCTb PaxaTa o6i>e,anHaeT npoTHB Hero Bcex, b tom mhc- 
jie, oneBMJiHO, h apyrax H^eHOB «CeMbH». HenocpeacTBeHHbifi HanajibHHK 
PaxaTa, rjiaBa KHB M. TaxHH 3anpemaeT PaxaTy BbiCTynHTb b napjiaMeHTe c 

220 



noacoBeKKHH FKwiHTtmecKMH pe«HM Ka3axcra«a 



noflroTOBJieHHMM mm aokjimom o KoppynuHH b BbicuiHx 3u,e;i0Hax b^cth™ 
HasapBaeBy pacKpb.ea.OT raasa Ha onacHocib co ctopohh 3ap BaB iueroca sa- 
™. Ho 3to Bce-raKifMTb, h HaaapSaesy TpynHO npocro ero Bb[r H aTb Paxax 
yxoflHTcnocTasaMecTHiejia npejzcejjarejiH KHE, ho Temper ero saMec- 
THTMeM HanajibHHKa CBoeK oxpaHbi, h oh npo^xcaet Bbicrynarb c yrposa- 
mh paao&iaHemiH. Mepe 3 HeKOiopoe epeMa ero .ccunaioi* hociom b Abct- 
PHK), a OTHOuieHHfl ero c ^apurofi cxaHOBaTca oahhm H3 rjiaaHbix oo^ktob 
flOMb.c,oB h rHnores KasaxcraHCKHx n om ec K HX „ oicQnonoJSSS 
KpyroB. 

Bopb6a Paxata h ero hpothbhhkob - 3T0 yxe Ha^o 6o P b6bi 3 a BJiacib 
b nocTHa3ap6aeBCKOM Kasaxcrane. Ho ec™ 4ac T b o6^hhhbuihxch npor„B 
raxara ee/ibMox HM ejia hhcto loiaHOByio h JMHHyio MarHBaumo, crpeMHjiacb 
npocro ycrpaHHTb onacHyK, mh hhx (pwrypy, to y HewnW Winnow 
a™ 6o P b6bi B03H HK aK)T mt« „ njiaHbi, CBflaaHHbie c ycxaHOB^HneM ho- 
Bbix,-6ojiee npasoebix OTHomeHufi, rapaHTHpyromHX or npoH3Bojia MacTHie- 
Jifl h ero ojcpyxeHHH™ 

HW nacTH oewawHHBUiHxca npoTHB Paxara « M ar H aT0B» h «caHOBHH- 
kob» 6opb6a c hum nepepacraer b 6o P b6y npoTHB «caMo fl epxaBH fl » npe 3 H- 

A6HT3.. 

17 

Han6ojiwiiyK> aKTHBHOcTb b 6opb6e c PaxaTOM npomnmi Monom* H 
o6pa30BaHHb.e hhhobhhkh - noji H ™ KH - 6n3HecMeHb., Korapbix b Kaaax- 
CTa H e npo3Ba™ <mwnw*mn*. Bo rjiase hhx - na^oaapcKHfl^ aKH M Ta- 

JlblMXCaH XaKHaHOB H 6bIBUIHH MHHHCTp 3HepreTHKH, HHflyCTpMH H TOPTOB- 

JiH, a b 3T0 BpeMfl anpeKTop KpynHoro «Te M np6aHKa» Myxrap A6jia30B bh- 
ABHHyBuiHe mtu, o^eHb 6jiH3Kne k KajKerejiuwHOBCKHMiii. Bo3HHKae T !aBH- 
JKeHHe nofl Ha3BaHHe M iJeM0K P aTM4ecKHM Bbi6op Ka 3 axcTa H a 

>Ka KHJI H B h A6JTA30B - aaace He KaxerejibAHH, kotopuh poanjica B 
mi r., ycneji noSbiBaTb Ha cobctckoh pa6oTe, 6bm coTpyaHHKOM KrE H na- 
xe KaK-TO ynaciBOBa^ b pocchhckom AeMOKpaT^ecKOM flBI ™eHHn Kaxe- 
rejibflHH Bce-TaKH ^cthmho npwnaiyiexHT noaaHecoBeTCKofi anoxe ji ero 
nepexoa KfleMOKpaTHHecKOH onnoaniwH npoHcxcnirr yxe nocjie ero OTCTas- 

KH H B CBa3H C Heft. A A&IJ.30B H >KaKMHHOB - MOJIOflbie jm m 6e3 COBeTCKO- 

ro npoiuaoro (06a ohm - 1963 r. poxaeHKa), «n;ioTb ot moth Hbrneumefi 
Bjiacm»«2, BomiomeHHe Hosoro KaaaxcraHa, o KOTopwx Ha 3 ap6aeB tobo- 
pmi: «Bbi - Moa ropaocTb, Hafleacaa h onopa»2i3. 3to chjiw, KOTopue Bupoc- 
m BHyrpH HasapQaeagKoro pejKMMa, ho KOTopbiM cxajiH T ec H bi ero paMXH™ 
B ^k)6oh nojiHTHqecKofi MOTHBauMH sceraa ecTb h cooeKopbicTHbie h Haea- 
™cTHHec KH e aneMeHTM. Ho, HacKMbKO BooSme mojkho cyflHTb o He^oBeHe- 
ckhx Morasax, y A6jifl 3 oBa h XaKHaHOBa Huea^HCTHMecKaa MoraeauHa ht- 
paaa SHawejibHyio po^b. M. Ay 3 30 B rosopHT o hhx: «Bnep B bie H a ape H y bh- 
ui^h jiwh, KOTopue onpeaejiiuiHCb K a K jihhhocth, nojiHbre qyBCTBa co6ct- 

BeHHOrO JOCTOHHCTBa, TOpjJOCTH, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a Bee, HTO npoHcxo- 

221 



flMHTpHH 0ypMaH 



aHT» 215 . M. Ay330B - jw6epaji, conyBCTByioinHH A6jia30By h >KaKHaHOBy. Ho 
cxokhm o6pa30M roBOpHT h hx npoTHBHHK, cobcthhk h naeojior Ha3ap6ae- 
Ba E. EpTbic6aeB: «A6jisi30b... - HfleajwcT. A naeajiHCT b noJiHTHKe - 3to co- 
UHaJibHafl KaTacTpo<pa» 216 . 

H MaciiiTa6bi cosaaHHoro hmh flBHJKeHHS - 6ojibiue, neM MacuiTa6bi 
aBH)KeHWH KaxerejibflMHa, oho 6biCTpo npHoSpeiaex xapaKTep 6yHxa hobom 

3JIHTH. KaK TOBOPHT yxe HeOflHOKpaTHO UHTHpOBaBUJHHCSI HaMH E.EpTblC- 

6aeB, «b Ka3axcTaHe noaBHnocb mhoto SoraTbix h 3a»(HTOHHbix jiioaeH, h 

-MHOFHe H3 HHX OTHblHe XOT5IT HeCTHOH H CB060flHOH KOHKypeHUMH, np03paH- 
HMX npaBHJi HrpbI» 21T . 

B flBK Bciynaei paa KpynHbix hhhobhhkob, BKJHOHaa MJieHOB KaSHHeTa 
MHHHCTpoB 218 , Tyr »ce yBOJibHseMbix c pa6oTbi npeMbepOM K. ToKaeBbiM, ko- 
TOporo h caMoro 3axeM Ha3ap6aeB OTnpaBJiaeT b oTcraBKy (HecoMHeHHo, KaK 
He cyMeemero^HKBMJiHpOBaTb 6yHT b 3apoAbime). 3aieM ohh C03aaK>T cbok) 
napTHK) «Ak aeon* («CBCTJibiH nyrb»), Bxoaamyio b flBK, ho Sojiee yMepeH- 
Hyro, neM ero jiwaepu, h CTaBiuyio KaK 6bi «mocthkom» Mexay panHKinaMH h 
BJiacTHoH 3J1HTOH. B oflHoii Ka3axcTaHCKOH ra3eie SbiJia noMemeHa cJ)OTorpa- 
4>hh, cflenaHHaa b Haiajie 90-x rr. Ha Hew - Ha3ap6aeB c 6cwibiiiOH rpynnovi 
mojiqumx noJiHTHKOB m 6H3HecMeH0B, Bee paaocTHbie. Ta3eTa oTMetHJia Kpy- 

JKOMKaMH JTMUa Tex, KTO yiUCJl B 0nnO3HUHK3. Hx - 60^bHie nOJIOBHHbl 21 '. 

Ecjih «6yHT» Ka»cerejibiiHHa h ero nocneayiomyio 3MHrpaHTCKyio cyabSy 
b KaKOM-TO Mepe moxho cpaBHHTb c 6yHTOM h cyflb6oii Bepe30BCKoro h Ty- 
cHHCKoro b Pocchh, to «6yHT» )KaKHaHOBa h A6jiB30Ba MOxeT 6biTb conoc- 
TaBJieH c RBMitceHKeM, KOTopoe nonbiTajica opraHH30BaTb Xohopkobckhh. 
AHajioran c PoccneH coBepmeHHO oMeBHOHH. Ho b Ka3axcraHe aHanorHi- 
Hbie pocchmckhm npoueccbi pa3Bopa™BaioTca paHbuie h hx Macurra6b! - 
SoJibiiie 220 . Onatb-TaKH, KaK h b Pocchh, ho paHbtue h b 3HaHHTejibH0 6ojib- 
ujhx MacuJTa6ax HOBbie «ojiHrapxHiecKHe» onno3nunn craHOBHTca ueHTpoM 
npKTHxeHMs Bcefi onno3HUHn - h Haxoaaiueroca b sMHrpauHH h «njteiyme- 
ro b Heft cboh hhtphiw RaxerejiuMHa (HecMOTpa Ha to, mto bo BpeMa npe- 
MbepcTBa KaxerejibflHHa iKaKHHHOB 6bui ero BparoM) 221 , h npe6biBaBineH.no 

3TOrO B C0CT03HHH «aHa6H03a» HHTe^JlHreHTCKOH jiH6epanbH0H Onn03HUHH, 
H KOMMyHHCTOB, JlHflep KOTOpblX C. A6AHJIb,0.MH BOUieJI B llOJIMTCOBeT flBK. 

r. >KaKMaHOB ropao 3aflBJiaeT: «Bcero HecKoJibKO MecaueB Hasaa ABK boc- 
npHHHMajica o6mecTBOM KaK Ky4Ka «o6H>KeHHbix» hhhobhhkob h 6H3HecMe- 
hob. CeraiHfl noa HaiiiH 3HaMeHa BCTajiH npeacTaBHTejiH mho™x H3BecTHbix 

napTHH H flBH>KeHHH» 222 . « 

HawBojiee neTKyio oueHKy yrpo3bi ann B^acTH HOBoro onno3HU,HOHHoro 
coio3a na^, KaK Bceraa, E. Ep™c6aeB: «Bbi He 3a6biBaHTe, mo b Ka3axcra- 
He... bo3hhk 6ecnpeuefleHTHbift (JiaKT - coio3 SoraTwx jiKxaew h paawKajibHOH 
onno3HUHH, BKJiK>4a3 KOMMyHHCTOB. 3to HeceT cepbe3Hyio yrpo3y flecxa6H- 
^H3auHH Bcefi CHTyauHH b cTpaHe» 2a . B jipyroni HHTepBbio oh tobopht: «Co- 
K)3 paflHKaJibHoro Kpbuia ilBK h Bcefi onno3HUHH, KOTopaa ao stofo He HMe- 

222 



FlOCTCOBeTCKKW [KHlHTMMeCKHH pextHM Ka3axcraHa 



Jia (JMHaHcoBOH noanMTKH, npeacraBJiaeT co6oh rpeMynyio CMecb h raHT yr- 
po3y noTeHunajibHOH aecTa6H.iiH3au.HH Bceft CHTyauHH*™. 

B HHBape 2002 r. npOHCxoaHT coopaHHe aeMOKpaTHqecKofi o6mecTBeH- 

HOCTH B a^Ma-aTHHCKOM UHpKe, H OflHH H3 3^Ma-aTHHCKHX TeJieKaHcUlOB 

npHHatweacamHfi M. A6;iH30By «TaH», Beset ero npaiviyio TpaHCJiaunio. B03- 
aeficTBHe ee Ha o6mecTBo Ka3axciaHCKMe xypHajiHcra cpaBHMBaiiH aaxe c 
B03fleHCTBHeM TpaHoifluHH FlepBoro cteMa HapoaHbix aenyraTOB CCCPa*. 
Ha co6paHHH - okojio 900 nejiOBeK m pa3Hbix peraoHOB Ka3axcraHa, npea- 
CTaBHiejiH bccx onno3HUHOHHux ztBmxeHHH^. npeAceaaTe^bCTByeT «<rra- 

peHUlHHa*, JIHflep KOMMyHHCTOB C.A6fll^biIHH. F. XaKHHHOB TOBOpHT na 

co6paHHH: «... cipaHa jkhbct b airnoctpepe CTpaxa, TOTa^bHoft jdkh h HeBepwa 
b Syaymee..., ctoht y onacHOH Hep™, nepecTyriHB Korepyio mm pHCKyeiu 
CTOJiKHyTbca c CHcieMHbiM KpH3HC0M h nocTaBHTb noa yrpo3y Hatuy rocy- 
jiapcTBeHHOCTb. PeajibHOH ajibTepHaTHBOfi 3T0My MoryT 6biTb TOJibKo peum- 
rejibHbie zieMOKpaTHHecKHe pe<popMbi...»^. Co6paBiiiHeca Tpe6yioT pacuiH- 
peHHfl npaB napJiaMeHTa.aaxe nepexoaa k napjiaMemrcKoft pecnygjiHice, bw- 
6ophocth aKHMOB h cyaefi. TjiaBHoe HenocpeacTBeHHoe Tpe5oBaHHe - npo- 
BeaeHKe petpepeHayMa o bhSophocth mas mccthoh BJiacTH, ana qero co3aa- 
eica HHHUHaTHBHaa rpynna. (KaK k oieaoBajio oxtnaaTb, UMK no3xe Hauuia 
H3tflHbi b criHCKax ee ynacTHHKOB h b perHcrpauHH eft 0TKa3a^a^.) 

18 

BjiacTb npHXOjiHT b yscac (hmo yHHTbiBarb, hto Bee sto npoHcxoaHT Ha 
<p0He MeiuieHHoro pacKpyweaHHa b CLUA «Ka3axreftTa» ) h aeticTByeT cyao- 
POxho h cpa3y no BceM HanpaBJieHHSM. OmaeTca omymeHHe, hto c 3Toro 
BpeMeHH KaKaa-To eaHHaa crparerHHecKaa JiHHHa BJiacTH HaiHHaet nc4e- 
3aib, nojiHTHKa CTaHOBHTca «peaKTHBHoii» h b 3HaqwejibHOH Mepe Henpea- 
CKa3yeMOH. 

HHoraa crpaxH BJiacTH pacKpbiBaeT cpoHHOe npHHarae KaKoro-HH6yab 
3aKOHa, KOTopoe moscho o6i>acHHTb ranbico naHHiecKHMH HacTpoeHwaMH h 
xyrKHMH o6pa3aMM, B03HHKaiomHMH b C03HaHHH npaBHTefleft. TaKHM, 6e- 
3yaiOBHO, a&naeTca npHHaTbitf b 2000 r. 3aK0H o nepBOM npe3waeHTe KaW 
CTaHa, CTaBuiHH otbctom Ha3ap6aeBa Ha «Ka3axrefiT» h Ha CTpaxH bo3mox- 
hhx b 6yaymeM npecueaoBaHHH (h noapaacaHneM nyrHHCKOMy yi«3y). Otbc- 
tom Ha HOBOe HacryruieHne onno3HUHH aBJiaeTca npnH3Tbift b 2002 r. 3aKOH 
o spesBbiHafiHOM nojioaceHww. Ecjih paHbme HYl mojkho Shjio BBoaHTb no 
Bcefi cTpaHe Ha 3 cyroK, a b o6jiacra - H a 6, to Tenepb - Ha 30 h 60. BBoaHTb 
ero moxho, ecjiH noa yrp030H 6e3onacHOCTb rpaacaaH h «nojiHraiecKafl cnra- 
6™bH0CTb», b tom Hume b TaKHx cjiytasx, KaK ce^b, snHaeMHa h T.a. ripH 
3tom BBoaHTca npeaBapHTejibHaa ueH3ypa, 3anpemaiOTCH mhthhth h aa)Ke 
MaccoBbie 3pe^Hiua^». 

EcTecTBeHHO, pa3B0paHHBaeTca KaMnaHHa npoTHB nocneiiiHOH jjeMO- 
Kpara3auHH, KOTopaa MoxeT npMBecTH k xaocy, pacnaay Ka3axcTaHa h t.a. 
0praHH3yeTca mhoxcctbo bcbkhx nwceM b npeccy, BbicTynjieHHH" 1 ) h mxe 

223 



flMHTpMH OypMaH 



MHTHHrOB 231 npOTHB napJiaMCHTCKOH pecnySjlHKH H Bbl60pHOCTH aKHMOB 232 . 

rio3>Ke noHBJiHiOTcsi «cepbe3Hbie» ciaTbH, b KOTOpbix paflHKa^bi H3 XLBK 
cpaBHHBaiOTCfl c HaponoBO-FibuaMH, KOTopwe b cBoefi Heo6y3iiaHHOH cneujKe 
copBJUTH MeAJieHHbiii, ho ycneuiHO meaiuHH npouecc M0.aepHH3au.HH uap- 

CKOH POCCHH™. 

BMeae CTeM Ha3ap6aeB crpeMHTCfl noKa3aTb, HToaeMOKpaTH3auHa - h 
ero uejib h mo ero pa3HorjiacHH c onno3nuneH - He rrpHHUHnnajibHbie, ohh 
CBfl3aHbi cKopee co cpoKaMH, nocjieaoBaTejibHOCTbio aeviCTBHH, a He c 06- 
iuhm HanpaBJieHHeM. «He co3aaB... HOpMaiibHbix ycnoBHw >kh3HK, hct cmhc- 
jia roBopHTb aeMOKpaTHH Tuna aMepHKaHCKOH hjih <ppaHuy3CK0H» 2M . «JXt- 

MOKpaTHH - HaUJ OC03HaHHbIH BblSpaHHblH fiyTb pa3BHTHK, KOTOpblH fl.BaM 

npeimoscHJi h KOTOpblH bh npHHRHH», ho «iy>KHe peuenTbi Moryr HaM HaBpe- 
anTb» 2J5 . -sfljisi npoBeaeHHfl pec})opM HeT HHMero BaxcHee, ^ein cTa6HjibHoe ro- 
cyaapcTBO* 1 *. «... / Q,o napjiaMeHTCKOfi cpopMbi npaBJieHHH mm noKa He aopoc- 
jih... Mbi KareropHHecKH He npMHHMaeM coBerw, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha HCKyccT- 
BeHHoe ycKopeHMeaeMOKpaTHnecKHx npoueccoB» 2: ", h t.a. npH stom Ha3ap- 
6aeB He oTineTaeT c xoay aaxe Bbi6opH0CTb aKHMOB h b nopaaKe 3KcnepH- 
Me'HTa totob BBecrH ee b HecKOJibKMX cejibCKHX ospyrax (nepBbiH H36paHHbifi 
cejibCKHfl aKHM nOHBHJicsi eme b Mae 1999 r. b poahom cejie Ha3ap6aeBa Me- 
MOJiraHe). Co3flaeTca TaiOKe tioctohhho aeflcTByiomee coBemaHHe npH npe- 
3HAeHTe c npeiiCTaBHTejiflMH nojiHTHnecKHX napTHfi no npoSJieMaM aeMOKpa- 

TH33UHH. 

Ha3ap6aeB CTpeinmcji pacKOJiOTb onno3HUHio. 06pamasicb k 6n3HecMe- 
HaM, oh npH3biBaei wx He jie3Tb b noJiHTHKy («Xony nopeKOMeauoBaTb BceM 
HauiHM 6aHKHpaM, 6H3HecMeHaM... He BJie3aib b nojiHTHKy, aejiaTb to, hto 
yMeioT*), a acypHajiHcraM oh roBOpHT, mto rocyaapCTBO aojijkho 3amHTHTb hx 
ot ojiHrapxoB, ncnoJib3yiomnx npeccy b cbohx rpsi3Hbix Hrpax: «... rocyaap- 
ctbojiojdkho 3amnTHTb xcypHajiHCta ot ojiHrapxa 238 », «...xypHajincTHKa no- 
ntuia noanpeccaeHeacHbix MeuiK0B»"9. (Bee 3to nopa3HTejibHO HanOMHHaeT 
IlyTHHa. CxojKHe npoueccw nopoxnaioT exoxwe mwcjih h npHeMbi.) 

OflHOBpeMeHHO B^acTb nbiraeTca oraeJiHTb «oTBeTCTBeHHyio» onno3n- 
uhk), «cTpeMamyioc3 k Toiny >Ke, k ieMy ctpcmhtch npe3MaeHT, ho cjihiukom 
cnemamyro», ot «6e30TBeTCTBeHH0H», cBsoaBiueHca c KajKerejibflHHbiM h 
KOMMyHHCTaMH («...Bb!3biBaeT ynHBJieHHe, KaK pecpopMaTopbi h aeMOKpaTbi 
0Ka3aJiHCb BMecTe c So^biiieBHKaMH h hbhmmh KOHcepBaTopaMH» 240 ). 

«OTBeTCTBeHHyio» onno3Hunio BJiacTb cTpeMHTca npHBJieib. JlBa jmaepa 
«Ak >KOJia» - y. flxaHjio30B h K. KejiHM6eT0B B03BpamaioTCJi Ha rocynapcT- 
BeHHyio cjiyx6y, 3aHHB BaxcHbie hocth (H>KaHfl030B - cobcthhkom npe3M- 
aeHTa, a 3aTeM hjichom Ka6wHeTa mhhhctpob, OTBenaiouxHM 3a ecreCTBeHHbie 
MOHono^HH h noaHHHHiomHMC3 HenocpencTBeHHO npe3HfleHTy, K. KeJlHM- 
6eT0B - BHue-MHHHcrpoM 4>HHaHCOB) h ocTaBiiiHCb b «Ak xoji». rio3flHee 
MHHHCTpoM nenaTH (oh yxe 3aHHMaji b Hana/ie 90-x rr. 3tot nocT) craHOBHT- 
ch A. CapceHSaeB. 

224 



flocTcoBeTCKHii no/iHTMHecKMH penum Ka3axcraHa 



Bojiee Toro, nponcxoanT nepeperacTpaiiHa napi™ no HOBOMy 3aKOHy, 
yacecTOMHBmeMy Tpe6oBaHna k napTHHM h npH3BaHHOMy yHHqrojKHTb Manbie 
onno3nunoHHbie napTHH (mo oh h caejian). Bee 6biJiH y6eacaeHbi, mo «Ak 
xoji» peracTpauHio He npoftfler 2 ".- Ho oh npomeji*". (no3Xce perncTpnpyei- 

Cfl H B03HHKUiaH H3 flBMXeHHfl JUBK napTHa JI.BK. ) 

A Ha «6e30TBeTCTBeHHyio onno3HuHio» o6pyuiMBaeTca BOJiHa Teppopa. 

npOTHB XaKH3H0Ba H A6jlfl30Ba BblUBHraiOTCH 06BHHeHM B 3K0H0MH- 

necKHX npecTynjieHHHx - KaKao 3Toro npoTHB KaxerejibWHa h KaK b Poc- 
chh npoTHB TycHHCKOro, Bepe30BCKOro h XoaopKOBCKoro. 27 Mapia 2002 r. 
A6jifl30Ba apecTOBbmaioT. 29 Mapra apecTOBbiBaiOT BOflHTejia >KaKHaHOBa, a 
caM oh cKpbmaeTCfl bo cppaHuy3CK0M nocojibciBe. Koraa 2 anpejia k nocojib- 
CTBy, BOKpyr KOTOporo - nHKe™ ctopohhhkob HBK, noaiexajia acena )Ka- 
KHiiHOBa - Kapjibiram, apecTOBbiBaiOT ee aBTOMo6njib, KaK 3ko6h Haxoaa- 
mHHcsi b po3WCKe. 3aieM 4 anpejia )KaKM»HOB BbtxoflHT H3 nocojibCTBa, Kor- 
aa Bsiacm o6a3aj]MCb He caacaTb ero bo Bpeiwa cjieacrBwi b TiopbMy, a aepxaTb 
nofliioMaujHHM apecT0M«3'. Ho h )KaKHaHOBa, h (ppaHiry30B ooMaHyjiH. «,Ho- 
MauiHHM» apecTOM daHOBHTCfl ero noMemeHHe noa oxpaHOH b SapaKe oa- 
hoh nacTHOH naBJioaapcKoii (JjupMW (nocKonbKy 3tot 6apaK - He TiopbMa, 
coaepxaHHe Tain paccMaTpHBae-rca KaK «aoMaiiiHHH apecT», Beab hhkto He 
o6fl3biBa^cfl cojiepxaib ero HMeHHo b ero aoMe). BcKope XaKHaHOB 0Ka3bi- 

BaeTCfl B «HOpMaJIbHOH» TlOpbMe. 

Bee 3to oneHb noxoace Ha poccHHCKHe Meroflbi, ho ana Ha3ap6aeBCKoro 
Ka3axcTaHa oco'SeHHO xapaKtepHW snmojm, Koraa npotHB onno3HUHH aew- 
CTBytoT KaKwe-To JiHua, ocraromHeca HeH3Becrab[MH2«. Mbi yxce ynoMHHajiH 
KaKHe-ToraHHCTBeHHbie BbiCTpejibi no KaacerejiwmHy. CefiHac noaHHMaerca 
uejiaa BOJiHa TaKMx aKTOB. TaK, 29 MapTa HeH3BectHbie npnuejjbHbiMH BbiCT- 
pejiaMH nepe6min Ka6ejib TejieBH3HOHHoro nepeaaTHHKa a6jiH30BCKOH kom- 
naHHH «TAH», npeKpaTHB ee BemaHHe. Koraa Ka6ejib 6bui BOCCTaHOBJien, 
15 Mas ero CHOBa noBpeflHJiH. TaHHCTBeHHbie Hen3BecTHbte,geHCTByioT CTpo- 
ro napajmejibHo c BJiacibio. BcKope TAH jiHmaeTca npaBa Ha BemaHHe. 
19 Maa Ha okho onno3nunoHHOH ra3CTbi <<fl,e.noBoe o6o3peHne - Pecny6jiH- 
Ka» 6biJia noBemeHa o6e3rjiaMeHHaa coBaKa, k kotopoh 6buia npHKpenjieHa 
3anncKa: ^Gneayiomero pa3a He 6yaeT». TojiOBa ace 3toh co6aKH c TaKOH xce 
3anHCKofi 6w.na ' no,a,6pouieHa bo jibop aoMa, rue ymma peaaKiop ra3eTbi 
M. HaTpyuieBa. £0 3Toro ona nojiynmia no noHTe noxopoHHHM bchok. 
22 Maa b o(pHC pejiaKUHH 6buia SpoiueHa GyTbiJiKa c 3ajKHrajejrbHOH CMecbio. 
OcpHc Bbirope^. BbiJio opraHH30BaHO HanafleHHe,TO)Ke HeH3BecTHbix, Ha ra- 
3eiy «CojiMT», nydJiHKOBaBmyio MaTepna^u o «Ka3axreATe». >KypHajiHC- 
tob mbwm, rexHHKy yHec^H. IlojiHUHa, ecrecTBeHHO, Htmero He HaxojiHT, h 
Bee 3T0 npoxoiiHT y Hee no rpacpe «xyjinraHCTBO» 245 , a npcaciaBHTejin B^acTH 
roBopaT o flefiCTBHax HeKoew 3araao4HOM «TpeibeH cHJibi»2«. 

riocjie roro KaK npoTHB xypHajiHCTa C. flyBaHOBa 6buio B036y)KAeHo 
yroJioBHoe aejio no o6BHHeHMK> b ocKopSjieHHH Hee™ h aocTOHHCTBa npe3H- 
AeHTa, oh 6bui h36ht Hen3BecTHbiMH. Ha3ap6aeB CKa3aji no 3T0My noBoay, 

225 



flMMTpwii (t>ypMaH 



mto 3to - «cneunanbHo cnjiaHHpoBaHHaa h oruianeHHafl HcupyraMH Harnett 
cTpaHbi npoBOKautioHHa« aKUHS* 247 . Ho iepe3 HeKOTOpoe BpeMH CAyBaHOB 
6bui apecroBaH h npwroBopeH k TiopeMHOMy 3aKJiK>HeHHio no o6BHHeHHio b 
H3HacHJiOBaHHH HecoBepiueHHOJieTHeii, npaKTHHeCKH, HeCOMHeHHO, JIOJK- 

HOMy 2,,s . 

ApecTH A6jifl30Ba h )KaKHHHOBa h ocyjKfleHHe flyBaHOBa noaHMMaiOT 6y- 
pto bo BceM MHpe. B hx noaaepxKy BbiciynaioT h ceHax CLLIA, h OBCE, h 
EBponap^aMeHT, h aaace KocpH AHHaH. Ho HH^ero He nOMoraeT - 18 mojifl 

2002 r. A6Jia30Ba npHroBapHBaror k 6, a 2 aBrycTa 2002 r. XawiaHOBa - k 
7 roaaM jiMiueHHJi CBo6oflw c 0T6biBaHHeM HaKa3aHHH b kojiohhh o6tuero pe- 
XHMa. KaK Bceraa, HapOMmo «uhhhhhmh» KOMMeHTapHH k 3T0iny co6mthio 
nan E. EpTbicGaes: «Myxiap A6jih30B yxe nocjie cyaa 3aaBwi, UHrapyioflo- 
cjiobho: «Ecjih Bflpyr npaBocyane b Ka3axcraHe aePicTBHTejibHO CBepmmiocb 
6bi, to paaoM c HaMH Ha CKaMbe noacyaHMbix oica3ajiHCb 6m Bee 6e3 hckjiio- 
HeHHJi H^eHbi npaBHTCJibCTBa h Bee aKHMbi 3a Bee BpeMH cyinecTBOBaHHH Ha- 
UHOHajibHoro rocyoapciBa*. TaKHM o6pa30M, Myxiap, k coacajieHHK), ... 
npH3Haji cbok) BHHy»™. TeHnpoKypop 0. )KyMa6eKOB BbinycKaeT npecc-pe- 
jih3, rae roBOpHT 06 ocyxaeHHH A6jiH30Ba h XaKHaHOBa KaK o rpoMannoM 
ycnexe b 6opb6e c KoppynuHeH h 3aoaHO 3aaBJiaeT, hto 3amnmaBiiiHe hx ae- 
nyTaTH - Toxe KOppynunoHepw, CBa3aHHbie c hhmh cbohmh TaHHbiMH ae- 

JlHUlKaMH 2a . 

A6J1S30B H XaKHflHOB (KaK, HeCOMHeHHO, H XoflOpKOBCKHH B PoCCHH) 

noHHMajiH, Ha hto Hjxyr, h TiopbMa SbUia hx co3HaiejibHbiM Bbi6opoM. Ho A6- 
J1330B, xora h cKa3an b nocjie^HeM cnoBe, mto totob hoth b TiopbMy, ec™ 3-to 
npoaBHHeT Ka3axcTaH k aeMOKpaTHH 2 ", nepeoueHiui cboh chjim. B anpejie 

2003 r. oh noaaeT npomeHHe o noMnnoBaHHH, KOTopoe yaoBJietBopaeTca. 
BbiHfla H3 rropbMbi, oh 3aaBJiaeT, hto OTKa3bi BaeTCH ot nojiHTHHeCKOH aea- 
Te^bHocTH. XaKHflHOB npoaojixaeT cwaeTb, a Ha3ap6aeB ,aeMOHCTpnpyeT Ha 
HeM, 4TO oxHjiaeT He cjiOMUBUinxca. nojiHTcoBeiflBK yroBopHJi )KaKHflHO- 
Ba Toxe noaaTb npoiueHHe o nOMiyiOBaHHH, <rro oh h mejiaji. Ho, b OTJiHHHe 
ot npoiueHHH A6jia30Ba, b npouieHHM )KaKH$iHOBa He 6buio hh cxiOBa o pac- 
KaaHHH h npH3HaHHH bhhh. FIpoiiieHHe 6hjio OTicnoHeHO, h npoTHByxe CH- 
aamero b TiopbMe )KaKHHHOBa 6bmo B036yxcn,eHO cpa3y HecKOJibKO hobmx 
yroJiOBHbix aeji 252 . 

)KeHa r. )KaKHHHOBa Kap^biraui BbicTaBHJia cbojo KanaHjiaTypy Ha ao- 
BbiGopax b MaxmiHc b naBJioaape. Flo AaHHbiM onpoca 0Ha nojiynwia 
50,57%, no 0(pHUHajibHbiM - 33,34%B3. 

BojiHy flBK nocTHr^a cyab6a BOJiHbi KaacerejibiiHHOBCKOH onno3HUHH. 
OHa pa36nnacb o «TBepiibiHio» Ha3ap6aeBCKoro peacHMa. «TBepabiHa» ycToa- 
jia. Ho cepua Bee Sojiee cHJibHbix yaapoB h BHyTpeHHMe npoueccbi ae^aioT 
pejKHM Bee MeHee npoHHbiM. TpeuiHHbi b nocTpoeHHOM Ha3ap6aeBbiM 3iia- 

HHH CBOefl «6e3aJlbTepHaTMBHOH» BJiaCTH CTaHOBHTCH BHUHbl HeBoopyjKeH- 
HblM TJia30M. 

226 



riocTCOBeTCKHA nojiHTMHecKHJi pmkmm Ka3axcraHa 



Oiwa 3a flpyrofi B03HHicaioT onno3HUHOHHbie «bojihi>[». Ot Ka3axciaH- 
ckoh 3J1HTM OTKaflbiBaioTca rpynnu, crpeMamHeca k CMeHe pexHMa. Ilo- 
oieflHas BCuiHa - ABHxeHHe HBK - caMaa cmibHaa, h xora pexHM bwctojw, 
ho nojiHocTbio cnpaBHTbca c HeK oh yxe He ciwor. KapTHHa nojiHTHHecKofl 
xh3hh Ka3axCTaHa paaniojibHO H3weHHJiacb. 

ABMxeHHe flBK He Smjio 3aperHCTpHpoBaHO, ho nopo/mno Hapoiwyio 
napTHio HBK h fleMOKparaHecKyio napnuo «Ak xoji». 06e napraw Sbicrpo 
Ha6pa™ HeoBxoflHMoe am perHcnpanHH ihcjio hjichob ( 50 thc.) h aaxe 
3HaHiiTejibH0 npeBbicmiH ero (b «Ak xoji» - okojio 120, a b J\BK - okojio 
90 TbicHM). «Ak xoji», a 3aieM h HBK, b nporaBopeHHH c nporaosaMH Jin6e- 
pa^bHbix CMM, 6buin 3aperacTpHpOBaHbi. OuuiiKHfl b TiopbMe XaKHaHOB 
H36paH npeace/aaTejieM napraH flBK k npeBpamaeTca jyia Ka3axcraHCKoro 
o6mecTBa (mm 3Ha4HTejibH0H qacra Ka3axcraHCKoro o6mecTBa) b chmboji 
conpoTHBjieHHa, CBoero poaa Hejibcona MaHaejiy. Ha MMTHHre b no/«epx- 
Ky T. XaKHHHOBa Byjiar AShjiob tobopht: «Oh -CBo6oaeH, a uu Bee HecBO- 
6oahh. Oh cmof no6eAHTb crrpax. Oh cMor BbiiWBHTb m ce6a pa6a... Mw He 
MoxeM BbiaaBHTb pa6a... Oh HaeroawHH repoft Hamero 8peMeHH»»t. Ilo co- 
o6uieHHaM npeccu, no/j. opraHH30BaHHOH ilBK nerauHeti 06 ocBo6oxneHHH 
>KaKHflHOBa nocraBJieHO okojio MHMHOHa nozuinceH^. flocTaTOHHO Boo6pa- 
3HTb ce6e poccHflCKoro ojiwrapxa, Bbicrynaioiuero, Kas B. A6hjiob, Ha mh- 

THHre C Tpe60BaHHeM OCB06oflHTb Xo/lOpKOBCKOrO HJIH MHJUIHOH pOCCHH- 

ckhx noanHcew no/i nerauHeii 06 era 0CBo6oxaeHHH (a ecjiH ywbiBaTb pa3- 
HHuy b HacejienHH, to 3to flOJiXHbi 6biTb aecaTb mhjuihohob, kslk b poccHfi- 
ckhx OT^ajieHHbix anajiorax «Ak xoji» h £BK - CnC.H «A6jioKe» jjojixho 
6biTb no MHJuiHOHy hjichob), hto6h noHHTb, ao KaKoft CTeneHH ceftHac Ka3ax- 
CTaHCKoe oSmecTBO XHBee, cBo6o,nHee poccHHCKoro. 

Ecjih JXBK - npocTO onno3MUHOHHaa napTHa, to «Ak xoji» - onno3H- 
UHOHHaa, ho coxpynHHsaiomaH c BJiacTaMH, npeacraBHTejiH kotopoh aaxe 
bxojwt b npaBHTejibCTBO?* Ho noxoxe, hto 3to coTpyjjHHweciBO cbh33ho 
Oojibiue co CTpeNuieHMeM cnoco6cTBOBaTb aeiwoKpaTHsauHH «H3HyrpH», neM 
coSbiMHHMH KapbepHUMH MOTHBaMH. Bo BcflKOM aiynae-A. CapcenBaeB, He- 

OXHflaHHO Ha3HaHeHHbIH MHHHCTpOM HHCpOpMaiXHH, He TOJIbKO paflHKaJIbHO 

H3MeHHj] nojiHTHKy MHHHCTepcTBa, ho h roBOpHT o JKaKHHHOBe: «J1 Tenepb 
BjiBOHHe nyBCTByio OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a ero cyAb6y»257. (OnaTb-TaxH BooSpa- 
3HTb poccHHCKoro MHHHdpa, KOtopbiH MOP 6bi CKa3atb HTO-To noflo6Hoe 
XoflopKOBckOM HJiH^axe Boiueji b npasHTejibCTBo npw yaiOBHH npoBejieHHa 

OnpeflejieHH^OH nOJIHTHMeCKOHJIHHHH, HeB03MOXHO.) 

RhK H «AK XOJl» OHeHb TeCHO COTpyflHH4aiOT C KOMMyHHCTaMM«8, KOTO- 

pbie noa pyjcoBO/jcTBOM A6^n^b4HHa crajiH oaho« H3 chji fleMOKpaTH^ecKOK 
onno3HUHH h aaxe roiOBbi 6biJiH b cjiynae OTKa3a napTHH flBK b perwcTpa- 
uhh npeflOCTaBHTb ee jinaepaM MecTa b cbocm cnHCue. Oahh H3^HflepoBflBH- 
xeHMs RBK, aenyraT h 6oraTbin npeanpHHHMaTejib T. ToxTacbiHOB aaxe 
BCiynmi b KI1K h Tyr xe cran oahhh H3 ee ceKpexapeH. Ha ceHTagpbCKHe 

227 



flMHTpHii OypnaH 



Bbi6opu b napjiaMeHT KnK h flBK nonayT ejiHHbiM 6jiokom. (CHOBa - h no- 
xoace, h He noxosce Ha Pocchio. Ch™, TOJiKaioiuHe jieBbix h npaBbix k c6jih- 
xeHHio, m b Pocchh, h b Ka3axcxaHe - o6mne. Flo cymecTByiomHM «npaBH- 
jiaM Hrpbi* hh xe hh apyrne BbmrpaTb He cnoco6Hbi, a 3X0 3Ha4HT, hto Bee hx 
pa3HOmacna otxohht b o6jiacTb TeopHH. DiaBHOH 3aaaneH CTaHOBHTca - H3- 
MeHHTb caMM «npaBHJia Hrpbi» 25 '. Ho b Pocchh jieBbie h npaBbie noxa TOJibKO 
nocbiJiawT flpyr jipyry HeBpa3yMHTejibHbie «cnrHajibi», npen.Bbi6opHbiH 6jiok 
KOMMyHHCTOB h npaBbix b Pocchh - aaace He yronHa, a uiyrKa.) 

ripoflOJiJKaeTca h nocTeneHHbifi nepexoa b onno3HUHio npeflcxaBHTejiefi 
npaBamefl BepxyiiiKH. Tan, c pe3KO aHTHHa3ap6aeBCKHM 3aaBJieHHeM h npa- 
MbiM npn3MBOM k ero OTdaBKe BHCTynnJi ero CTapbift TOBapHm h copaxHWK, 
SbiBUiHti «BceCH^bHbiH* M3p AjiMa-Aibi, a noaienHee BpeMa - niaBa AreHX- 
cTBa no Hpe3BbiHaHHWM cmyauHflM 3. HypKaaHJiOB: «Ecjih stot nejiOBeK 
(Ha3ap6aeB) 3acTaBHT sepHyTb Hapcanoe noopo Bcex Tex, kto ero yKpaji, na h 
caM BepHeT b tom iHCJie, to a ayMaio, mo>kho npocTHTb ero KaK nepBoro npe- 
3PmeHxa... Ecjih b 3ajWHHbix mhoh sonpocax xoTb ojihh OTBeT Haw^ex naa- 
TBepxueHHe o 3/ioynoxpeSjieHHax, Bbi 3acjiyacHBaere Kapw He MeHbuie, Hem 
3Kc-npe3HfleHT Kopew Po ,fle Y... Hero bw JKaeTe? rioqeMy ao6poBOJibHO He 
yxoflHTe b OTCTaBKy?* 260 EcrecTBeHHO, oh xyT xe 6bm yBoneH npeMbep-MHHH- 

CTPOM 3a TO, HTO «CaMOyCTpaHHJlCH OT 3aHHMaeMOH AOJ15KHOCTH, HpOflBHB 

HHepTHOCTb h HH3Kyio KBa^H(pHKauH!o» 261 . riocjie pa3pa3HBiuerocj[ cKaHfl&na 
Ha3ap6aeB BcxpenaJica c HypKajjmioBbiM c rjia3y Ha r;ia3. HypKaamioB no- 
npocHJi onejiaxb ero npeaceaaxejieM LI,MK, nxo6bi b cTpaHe, HasoHeu, npo- 
H30UU1M lecTHbie BbiGopbi. Ha 3TO Ha3ap6aeB He nouieji, ho noo6emaji aeMo- 
KpaTH3aunK>, a HypKanmroB o6ema^ noxa nOMOJinaTb. TaK KaK xejiaeMOH 
,aeMOKpaTM3auHH He HacTynMO, nepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMa oh CHOBa nycTHJica 
bo Bee xascKHe h cran hohmchho npH3biBaTb cbohx h npe3KaeHTa crapbix co- 
paTHHKOB, KOTopbie, c ero tomkh 3peHna, He noTepajin coBecTb, BCTynaTb b 
6opb6y 3a aeMOKparaK) h BMCTaBJiaTb cboh KaHAM,uaTypbi Ha npe3naeHTCKHX 
Bbi6opax 2006 r. 262 . 

IloHaTbpeaKUHK) npe3HAeHTa HaaetfcxBHa onno3HUHH coBepuieHHO He- 
bo3mo>kho. /leHCTBMa BJiacTH noJiHOCTbio npoTHBOpe^aTflpyriipyry. C obhoh 
cTopoHbi, npoHCXOflHT peracTpaiiHa J\BK h «Ak xoji», npe3HfleHT He noanH- 
cbiBaeT orpaHHMHBaiomHH cB06ony CMM 3aK0H o nenara, A.CapceH6aeB 
cTaHOBHTca MHHHcxpOM HHtpopMauHH, mto 03HanaeT pe3Koe yBe^HHeHHe 
CBo6oabi neHara, Ha cbe3fl.e «OraH» Ha3ap6aeB CHOBa roBopHT o aeMOKpatH- 
3auHH w xiaxe o nepexoae k Bbi6opHOCTM aKHMOB (eme nenaBHO 3ToaonycKa- 
jiocb TO^bKO KaK oHeHb OTna^ieHHaa nepcneKTHBa). Bojiee roro, C. flysaHOB 
ocBo6o*£aeTca «yanoBHO-flocpoHHO», a ^CaKHHHOB nepeBO^HTca Ha nocejie- 
hhc Cflpyrofi ctopohh, nou pa3HbiMH npennoraMH npeacxaBHTe^H onno3H- 
UHOHHbix napTHH He^onycKaioTca b h36hpkomh, h npaKTH^ecKH HecoMHeH- 
ho, kto npeflCToamwe b ceHTfl6pe 2004 r. Bbi6opbi b nap^aineHT nepBbiMH He- 
CTHbiMH Bbi6opaMH He 6yiiyT. B. A6miOBa ocyacaarox («ycjiOBHO») 3a KJieBeTy, 
npoHcxowT b KJiaccHMecKH nocxcoBeTCKOM CTH^e «Hae3fl» Ha Ka3KOMMepu- 



228 



ftocTCOBeTCKMM no/iMTHHecKHH pewHM Ka3axcTaHa 



6aHK, niaBa KOTOporo H.Cy6xaH6epflHH CHMnaTH3Hpyex w, BepOHTHO, dw- 
HaHCHpyeT «Ak xcoji», 3aKpbiBaexcfl no cy/jy «3a KJieBeiy* KpynHeHuiaa onno- 
3HUHOHnaa mexa Assandi-Times. Bee 3to npon3BoaHT BnenaTJieHHe He 

CflOXHOH H XHTpoyMHOH nOJIHTHKH, a KaKHX-TO 6eCTOJIKOBMX MetaHHH. Bo- 

Jiee Toro, HeKOTopue aevicTBHa BJiacTH npHo6peraiOT npocTO naiojibrHHec- 

KHM XapaKTep. TaKHM yflHBHTeJlbHHM C06bITMeM, rOBOpHlUHM o 6oJie3KeH- 

Hbix npoueccax, npoHcxoaamHx b C03HaHHH npaBamew BepxyiuKH, 6biJi bw- 
nycK noojioacHoro «3KCTpeHHoro» HOMepa ra3eTbi Assandi-Times c OTiqm- 
TbiM nwcbMOM T. )KaKHHHOBa «XoHy nepecraTb SbiTb chmbojiom HenoHatHOH 
6opb6bi», rae oh OTpeKaeTCa ot CBoero nojiHTHnecKoro npoiUJioro h roBopurr, 
4TO He xoneT 6biTb neuiKoft b wrpe pBymwxca k BJiaciH onno3HuHOHepoB. Ec- 
xecTBeHHO, hto Ha cjTeflyKDiuMH ace aeHb nojwejiKa 6bma pa3o6/iaHeHa. 

OneBHflHO, 3TH MeT3HH3 TOBOpflT TOM, HTO npe3HfleHT HaXOHHTCH nOH 

dpaujHbiM ncHxojiorHHecKHM npeccoM. OrpaHa H3MeHHjiacb, oh cTo/iKHy/i- 

Cfl C fleHCTBHTejlbHO MOlITHblM COnpOTHBJieHHeM, H ero 06bI4Hbie «XHTpOCTH» 

Ha 3tot pa3 cpaSoxaxb He Moryx. FlepeHTH k peuiHTe/ibHbiM penpecciiaM - 
cTpauiHO h, HaBepHoe, HexoneTca, h6o Ha3ap6aeB, HecoMHeHHO, xoneT npe- 
BpameHHfl Ka3axciaHa b pa3BHTyio coBpeMeHHyio crpaHy h b KaKOH-ro Mepe, 
BepojiTHo, Bepm b cboh peHH o fleMOKpaTHH, b to, 4to oh BeiieT k Hew Ka3ax- 
CTaH. KpoMe raro, CTpauiHoe ncHxojiorHiecKoe aaBneHHe He Moacex He oKa- 
3biBaTb Ha Hero coBepmeHHO HppaiiMOHajibHbiH una Hero «Ka3axreHT». B03- 
pacT Toace aaeT o ce6e 3HaTb, a HHKaKOM achocth c npeeMHHKOM noKa neT. 
CeiiHac juih Hero - aajieKo He Jiynmee BpeMa. 

Ho np0THB0pe4HBOCTb nOJIHTHKH, HBHO BHflHbie B HeH MeTaHHJI CBfl3a- 

HM, oneBHjiHO, He TOJibKO c ncHxojiorHiecKOH cHTyauHefi npe3naeHTa, ho h 
c TeM, hto Bbipa6oTKa no/iHTHKH Bee MeHbme CTaHOBHTca aejiOM ero onHoro. 
Koraa y BJiacTHTeji a Hex acHoro noJiHTHHecKoro Kypca, oh Menexca, a BpeMa 
ero noaxoflHT k KOHuy, nojiHTHKacTaHOBHTca/ieueHTpa™30BaHHOH. Pa3Hbie 
chjih Ha Ka3axcTaHCK0M «Bepxy» BeayTCBOH pa3Hbie oojihthkh. B «cxMMaio- 
meiica» JiosuibHOH npe3HfleHTy qacra sjihth, b npaBamefi BepxyuJKe, npOHc- 
xoott to, hto MoacHo Ha3BaTb «pa3pbixjieHneM» KJiH «pa3ManieHHeM» (noao- 
6paTb noaxoflamee cjiobo oieHb xpyflHO). OHa Bee 6o;iee yTpaHHBaeT moho- 
jiHTHocTb, h npe3HaeHT Bee 6ojiee yrpamiBaeT KOHTpojib Ha/j. Heft. 

20 

3tot npouecc n/ieT h b caMofi Ha3ap6aeBCK0H «CeMbe», KOHTpojinpoBaTb 
KOTopyio npe3naeHTy oco6eHHo TpyiiHo. IipeMbepa moxho OTnpaBHTb b ot- 
CTaBKy, onno3HUHOHHoro o^wrapxa moscho nocaaHTb, ho mto zte^aTb co cbo- 

HMH flO^epbMH H 33TbaMH, CTaBUJHMH 06JiaAaTeJ13MH KOJIOCCaJIbHblX COCTOfl- 
HHH H BJlH3HHa, o6pOCUIHMH KJIHCHTejlOH H HaHHHaKHUHMH COnepHHHaTb 

apyr c apyroM c npHuejiOM Ha HacnejiHe cTaperomero rjiaBbi ceMeflcTBa? A xaK 
Kaic b pe3yjibTaxe ecxecxBeHHOro 6HOJiorHiecKoro npouecca «4ac X» cxaHO- 
bhtch Bee 6jiH»ce, npo6^eMa HacjieztHH h 5opb6a 3a Hero o6ocrpaK)TCH. O Heft 
Bee So/ibuie sacTaBJiaroT ayMaxb h co6biTna b jipyrnx cxpaHax CH T, naiomnc 



229 



flMHTpHM OypMaH 



KaK xopouine (Sonee neM ycneuiHaa nepejiaia BJiacTH b Pocchh EjibwiHbiM 
AOBepeHHOMy nejiOBeKy, ho He poncTBeHHHKy, ycneuiHaa, xota h c «Majiofi 
KpoBbio*, nepeaana BJiacTH FeftaapoM Ajihcbmm cbmy b A3ep6aHtt>fcaHe), TaK 
h rp03Hbie npHMepH {HanyraBuwe Bcex nocrcoBeTCKHX npeameHTOB co6bi- 

THH B Tpy3HH). 

KaK JiioSaa ceMba, Ka3axcraHCKan «CeMba» - cjiojkhhh opraHH3M, ee 
BHyTpeHHHe OTHOiiieHHfl Moiyr 6biTb HenOH3THbi He TOJibKO una nodopoH- 
hhx, ho, OHeBHaHO, HHoraa h fljia Tex, kto k Heft npHHaiwexHT. Ka3axcTaH- 
CKne onno3HUHOHHbie ra3e™ h MHTepHeTOBCKHe caviTbi nojiHbi cjiyxoB h 
cnJieieH o ee BHyrpeHHeii xh3hh, hhthmhmx oTHouieHHax ee ijichob. H b 
3tom npoaBJiaeTca He raubKO o6biHHaa JiioSoBb k «noflnia;ibiBaHHK> b 3aM0i- 
Hyro cKBaacHHy*. KaK b cpeflHeBeKOBOH MOHapx™, b Ka3axcTaHe BH>rpeH- 
H3H xH3Hb «MOHapmeH» ceMbH, caMbie hhthmkhc OTHOiiieHHfl BHyrpH Hee 
HMeiOT HenocpeacTBeHHoe noJiwHHecKoe 3HaHeHHe. H HHoraa - caMoe Baac- 
Hoe. HanpHMep, ot toto, KaKHe oTHOuieHHa y ,H,apnra c PaxaioM (paHbiue 
cooSmanocb, mto ohh (paKTH^ecKH pa30iiuiHCb hjih aaace Tafmo pa3BejiHCb, 
noTOM 3TO onpoBepiunocb, h CTanH roBopHTb, hto flap«ra no6HBaeTca ot ot- 
ua «noMH^OBaHHH» PaxaTa h B03BpameHHa Ha poAHHy H3 «bchckoK ccbui- 
kh»), MOxeT 3aBHceTb 6yKBajibHO nojTHTHHeCKoe 6yflym,ee Ka3axcTaHa. 

frocjie BeHCKOfi ccmjikh PaxaTa AnweBa rjiaBHbie noTeHUHajibHbie npe- 
TeHjieHTbi Ha pojib npeeMHHKa Ha3ap6aeBa - aonb JUapwra (npn stom ee ot- 
HomeHna c npe6biBaioiuHM b BeHe PaxaTOM He acHbi) h btopoh 3flTb Ha3ap- 
6aeBa, MyxflHHapu - MeHee «KOH(pJiHKTHbiH», neiw PaxaT Ajihzb, HecpTHHOfi 
MarnaTTHMyp KyjinSaeB. nocjieAHee BpeMa Smjio mhoto CBHaetejibCTB Toro, 
ito Bpozte 6u «o(pHUHajibHOH» npeeMHHueii oTua craHOBHTca 3HeprnHHaa 
JJapHra. 

B 2003 r. ona co3,najia cbok> co6cTBeHHyio napTHio «Acap» («BceM mh- 
poM, coo6iua»), eerecTBeHHO, nojiHOCTbio nojmepxHBaiomyio Kypc npe3H- 
AeHTa, ocHOBHbie «nneH» kotopoh (onaTb-raKH, ecTecTBeHHo) - «ueHTpM3M, 
peajiH3M, nparMaTH3M, TOJiepaHTHocTb h nojiHTHwecxaa yMepeHHOCTb», ho c 
HecKOJibKO jiH6epajibHbiM naeo^oraHecKHM ottchkom. JXapnra cMonia 6hct- 
po nepeMaHHTb pan afenyraTOB h ceHarapoB h c03jiaTb (ppaKUHio «Acap» b 
napJiaMeHTe h 3aaBHfia o HaMepeHHH o6i>eiiHHHTb Bee nponpe3HfleHTCKHe 
napTHH 263 . Ho BCKOpe bo3hhkjih noao3peHHa, hto see 3T0 hjih ae/iaeTca eio 
BOoSuie «6e3 otuobckoto 6jiarocjiOBeHHa», no co6ctbchhoh HHHUHaTHBe, 
hjih xe 6jiarooiOBeHHe 6biJio nonyHeHO, ho apyrne HJieHbi ceMbH 803MyTH- 
jiwcb, h Ha3ap6aeB ero «nojiyOT03Ban». Bo bcskom cnyqae Ha3ap6aeBa Ha yn- 
peflHTejibHOM ci)e3ae «Acap» He 6bino, a qHHOBHHKH Ha Mectax, nocneuiHB- 
uiHe opraHH30BbiBaTb KarnnaHHH no MaccoBOMy BCTyn^eHMK) b HOByio nap- 
thk), Heo>KHflaHHO h k nojiHOMy cBoeMy HeiioyMeHHK) noJiyMHJiH yKa3aHHe H3 
AcTaHbi He BMeujHBaTbca 264 . Bojiee Toro, He noceTHBiiiHH ci>e3a «Acap» Ha- 
3ap6aeB 6biJt 3aTeM na cieaae «OtaH» h npH3Baji «OTaH» b cBoefl peHH H36aB- 
jiaTbca or «nepe6exHHKOB». KaK nHiueT KasaxcTaHCKHft scypHa^HCT, npHCyr- 
CTBOBaBuiaa KaK rocTb cbe3fla flapHra «TinaTejibHO cjieaH^a 3a cbohm ^h- 



230 



floCTCOBeTCKHH nOJlHTKHeCKHH pewHM Ka3axcraHa 



uom» 26S . Floxoxe, hto «Acap» craHOBHTca He oSteAHHAiomeH chjioh, a npo- 
cto 4e-rBepTOH,KpynH0H (Hapsiiy c «OTaH», TpaxiaHCKofl h ArpapHofi nap- 
raaMH) nponpe3MfleHTCKOH napi-nen, mo 6yaer 03HaiaTb, hto cHCTeina nap- 
thm, HOMHHajiBHo npeacraBJiaiouuMX HHTepecw counajitHbix cjioeB, npeBpa- 
thtch b cHcxeMy napTHii, peajifaHO npejicTaBflajomHX KJiaHbi. KyjiM6aeB, 06- 
jiaaaioiuHH Ko^occa^bHbiMH cocTOHHHeM h B^HaHHeM, ksk nHmyr Ka3ax- 
daHCKHe ra3eTH, nbiraerca ceifaac BHejjpHTbca Ha TejieeHiieHHe. ConepHH- 
necTBo 3THxnByx (pwryp HaHHHaeT npnoSpeTaTb ny6jiHiHbi8 xapaicrep, h, ia- 
khm o6pa30M, caiwa «CeMbfl» daHOBHTca hctohhhkom HeKOToporo «ruiK)pa- 

JIH3Ma» 2 «. 

Kpoine coGciBeHHO ceMeHHbix, B03niaBjiaeMbix 6jiHxaftiiiHMH pojiCT- 
BeHHHKaMH Ha3ap6aeBa rpynnnpOBOK, b npaeamefj BepxyuiKe ecTb h apyrHe 
rpynnnpOBKH, B03rjiaBJiaeMbie «BejibMO>KaMH», He npHHajwexaiUHMH k ce- 
Mbe b y3KOM CMbicjie aiioBa. 3to - «icnaHbi» 6/iHxaHiiiero coBeTHHKa npe3H- 
aeHTa h rjraBbi era aAMHHHCTpaiiHH H. A6biicaeBa, HejiaBHO ciaBuiero npen- 
cexiaTejieM ceHaTa ( oh - poacTBeHHHK npe3H,neHTa, Ho^ajibHHfl), rviaBH Co- 
BeTa 6e3onacHociH h «o;iHrapxa» C. YxeMypaTOBa, ajiioMHHHeBoro h xpoMo- 
Boro KopoJia A. MauiKeBHHa, c ero xopomo opraHH30BaHHOH TpaxaancKOH 
napTHeft, h ap. 3th jikwh, aBJiaiOEUHeca bmahmmh «copaTHHKaMH» hjih 
«KiineHTaMH» He Koro-JiH6o H3iJieH0B «CeMbH», a HenocpeacTBeHHO ee ma- 
Bbi, Moryr cbirpaTb peuiaiomyio pojib b 6opb6e 3a «Hacjie/j,CTBO», npHMKHyB k 
ojiHOMy H3 ceMeiiHbix KmuwnamB hjih aaxe BbiflBHHyB Koro-To He «3 hjichob 

CeMbH* 7 . Mx pOJIb MOJKCT 6bITb aHELHOTHMHa pOJIH pyCCKHX BeJIbMOX XVII I B., 

Koraa nopaaoK npecTOJioHacjie/j,Ha He 6bui onpeaejieH h ot hhx 3aBHce.n0, 
npHr^acHTb jih, HanpHMep, AHHy MoaHHOBHy hjih BcnoMHHTb EjiH3aBeTe 
IleTpoBHe. H, HaKOHeu, ecib cruioneHHaa h BJinaTejibHaa rpynnnpOBKa aK- 
xojioBueB, KOTopwe oaHOBpeMeHHO - h onno3HunoHHas rpynna, CTpeiwa- 
maaca k SoJiee AeMOKpaTHiecicoMy pexHMy, h sacTb npaBamefi arm™. 
B KpHTHnecKOH cHTyauHH 6opb6bi 3a npecTOJi KaKHe-ro H3 3thx rpynnnpo- 
bok BnojiHe Moryr npeflnoiecTb TpaHapopMaumo pexHMa no6eae cbohx 

npOTHBHHKOB 2 ®. 

3to pasaejieHHe npaBamero cjioa Ha KJiaHbi h «napTHH», Kan h ycuneHHe 
h OTHOCHxejibHbie ycnexH onno3HUHH, co3aaioT o6ciaHOBKy, b kotopoh no- 
cieneHHO yKopeHaioTca HeKoxopue sruHopajMCTHHecKMe* hjih aaxe jjeMo- 

KpaTHieCKHe «npHBM4KH». JlHMH npHBHKaiOT K TOMy, HTO ecTb pa3Hbie 

«ueHTpbi CHJibi», KOTopbiM HyxHa hx noaaepxxa h Mexny kotophmh ohh 
MoryT Bbi6HpaTb. Ohh BHflat, 4to xoTa npaMaa aTaica Ha npe3HfleHTa MoxeT 

npHBeCTH B TlOpbMy, HO npOCTO KpHTHKa H OTCTaHBaHHe CBOHX 003HUHH, KaK 

y aioKOJiOBueB, - 3to He Tate yx cxpaujHO h aaxe He TaK yx 6e3HaAexHO. Bo- 
jiee TOro, aaxe h npaniaa aiana Ha Ha3ap6aeBa nepecTaeT 6biTb TaKoii yx 
CTpauiHOH. KaK tobopht E. EpTbicSaeB, «cero/iHfl oco6biM MyxecTBOM He Ha- 
flo o6jiaaaTb, hto6h noflBepraTb kphthkc nepcoHy npe3HaeHTa...» M . 



231 



flMMTpHH fltypMaH 



21 

B 3T0H CHTyaUHH HHCTHTyrW, KOTOpbie, Ka3a^OCb 6bl, HMdOT HHCTO ac- 

KOpaTHBHoe 3HaMeHHe - nponpe3HjjeHTCKne napTHH h napjianieHT, Ha^ma- 
iot, Kas ojiOBAHHbie cojiflaTHKH y UUeflpwHa, «HajtHBaTbcg KpoBbio». OopMa B 
KaKOH-TO Mepe HannHaeT npHoSpexaTb coaepacaHHe. 

TaK, euue b 1999 r. b napjiaMem-e HanajiacbaTaKa no 6iofl>KeTHbiM sonpo- 
caM Ha npeeMHHKa KaxerejibflHHa npeMbepa H. EajirHMSaeBa, KOTopyio Be- 
jih He KaKHe-To jiHSepa^bHbie onno3HUHOHepbi, KOTopbix b stom napjiaMeH- 
te npaKTHHecKH h He 6bijio, a jiojuihctm H3 npe3H.neHTCK.0H napraw «OxaH» 
bo nnaBe co cnHKepoM MaxHJiHca M. OcnaHOBbiM. IloiwepacHBaflH xe npe- 
Mbepa TtMKejiosuiHCTbi, ho H3 TpaaoiaHCKOH napTHH. BbiJi nocTaBJieH Bonpoc 
o flOBepHH, h ana BbmeceHHa BoryMa HenoBepna He xBaiHJio TOJibKO onHoro 
ran oca 270 . 

3tot 3nH3oa Mor CHHTaTbca KaKHM-TO oco6biM HcicmoMeHHeM hjih npo- 
cto HHCiieHHpoBKOH (Bce-Tara BOTyMa HeaoBepHH He BbmecjiH, a c apyrofi 
cTopoHbi, Ha3ap6aeB h TaK hbho cofwpajica cMeHaTb EajiraM6aeBa h BCKope 
3to caejiaji). Ho Ty see KapTtmy mu bhahm h b ejieayiomeM napjiaMeHTe, ko- 
TOpbifl BHa^ajie Tauxe BocnpHHHMEuica Kax coBepmeHHo «6ecnpo6jieM- 
HbiH» 271 . yxe b 2002 r. npecca OTMeqaeT ero pe3Kyio aKTHBH3au.Hio. B HeM cra- 
jih pa3jiaBaTbcs rojioca, Tpe6yiomne pacuiHpeHHa jiojihomohmS, BOKmHHa 
b SiwuiceT BHe6ioa>KeTHbix 4>OHflOB, k H3 Hero ct&jih peryjiapHo B03BpamaTb- 
ch Ha aopaSoTKy noAroTOBJieHHbie npaBHiejibCTBOM 3aKOHonpoetcrbi. FlpH 
3T0M onflTb-TaKH aKTHBH3HpyiOTCH h nposnyiaiOT CTponTHBOCTb h aenyxaTM 
ot nponpe3HneHTCKHX napTHH 2 ' 2 . A b 2003 r. b Ka3axcTaHe npoHexoaHT He- 
6biBajioe coSbiTHe, noKa3aBuiee, KaK n3MeHHJiocb oGtuecTBO. IlpaBHTejibCTBO 
M.TacMaraM6eTOBa nepeaajio b iwaxiuiMC npoeKT 3eMeJibHoro Koaeicca. He- 
KOTOpbie flenyraTbi OKa3biBajiH eMy conpOTHB^eHHe, CHHrafl, hto oh npHBe- 

JieT K B03HHKH0BCHHIO JiaTHCpyHJIHH H 06e33eMeJIHBaHHK> KpeCTbJiHCTBa. Ebl- 

jih BHeceHbi oTHOCHTe/ibHO 3HaqnMbie nonpaBKH (MopaTOpnft Ha noKynsy 
3eMJiH HerocyaapCTBeHHbiMH iopnaHHecKHMH jiHuaMH, orpaHH^eHHe noKy- 

nOK 3CMJIH 3THMH JIHUaMH H HHOCTpaHUaMH H Bp.). FipaBHTeJIbCTBO 6bIJI0 

npOTHB 3thx nonpaBOK h HeoatH^aHHo noCTaBHJio Bonpoc o aoBepwi. 3to 
6bui coBepuieHHO oneBHiiHbiH mama*. JJjia HeaoBepHa HyjKHo aBe TpeTH ro- 
jiocob o6eHX nanaT, mto coSpaTb npaKTHqecKH HeB03MOJKHO, h npn BOTyMe 
HeAOBepH3 npe3iiaeHT HMeeT npaso pacnycTHTb napjiaMeHT h Ha3HanHTb ho- 
Bbie Bbi6opbi. B Pocchh 3a HenoBepne npaBHTejibCTBy ne roJiocoBajiH aaxe 
onn03HUHOHHbie nepBaa a BTopaa JJyMbi. CociaB MascHjiwca h cpaBHHBaTb 

HeJIb3fl C COCTaBOM 3THX nepBblX pOCCHMCKHX AyM, CKOpee K HeMy 6JTH30K co- 

CTaB TenepemHeii JHyMw. OflHaKO 3a HenoBepne BbiCKa3a^HCb 55 H3 77 aeny- 
xaTOB MajKHJiHca h 3 H3 37 aenyTaTOB ceHaTa. TacMaraM6eTOB 6hji abho co- 
BepuieHHo He roros k TaKOMy noBopoTy h aaxe 3aaBHJi, hto pe3yjtbTaibi ro- 
jiocoBaHHH B napjiaMeHTe 6biJiH ccpajibCH(pnunpOBaHbi. TeM He MeHee npaBH- 
TejibCTBO noflano b oxcTaBKy. M ona 6bijia npMHaTa"'. Tasoro b hctophh Ka- 
3axcTaHa (h b hctophh Pocchm) eme He 6buio. 



232 



riocTCOBeTCKHH nojiHTHMecKiifi pewHM Ka3axcraHa 



Jln6epajibHaa npecca stoto pa3BHTna coShthh He npomo3HpoBajia h, 
Korzta TacMara'M6e?OB ace xe yuiejt b OTCTaBKy, paciepanacb h dajia nwcaTb, 
hto npe3HiieHT co3HaTejibHo He jian KOManzibii, KaK rojiocoBaTb, h6o yrce caM 
peuiwi, hto TacMaraMSeTOBy nopa yxoAHTb, h OAHOBpeMeHHO - xoTeji npo- 
aeMOHCTpHpoBaTb MHpy Ka3axcTaHCKyio jieMOKpaTMio. Ho iiaace eonn sto 
Taic" 4 , Bee paBHO caM $aKT, hto Ha3ap6aeB mot npeaociaBHTb napJiaMemy 
peoiHTb Bonpoc o cyAb6e npaBHTejibCTBa, a fleiryraTbi rojTocoBajin, KaK xore- 
jih, He 6ojiCb B03MoxHoro no Ka3axcTaHCK0fi KOHCTHTyuHH pocnycKa napjia- 
MeHTa, roBopHT o hobhx OTHoiueHHHx b Ka3axcT3HCKOH npaBsiueH Bepxyiu- 
Ke. M HaM HyxHO TOJibKO nonbiTaTbca npeacrraBHTb ce6e, hto npouuiaa mv\ 
HOBaa, TenepeuiHaa poccMHCKaa J\yMa OTnpaBJiaeT b OTdaBKy npaBHTejibCT- 
bo, HTo6bi noHJiTb, hto nocTeneHHo 3th OTHomeHHH cxajiH TaK xe He noxo- 
jkhmh Ha poccHHCKHe, KaK He noxoxca Ha poccHHCKyio Ka3axCTaHCKaa onno- 
3nuna. 

2 aeKaSpa 2003 r. npeacejsaTejib MaxHJiHca X.TyaK6afi ny6jiHKyeT b 
«Ka3axcTaHCKOM npaBfle» CTaTbJO «OnbiT B03iwyacaHHa» 275 . TyaK6ati - coBcein 
He jiHSepajibHbiH onno3HUHOHep, oh nejtOBeK 6jih3khw k Ha3ap6aeBy h poa- 
CTBeHHHK 6biBiiiero npeMbepa 6ajirnM6aeBa, KOTopoiny nyxb we Bbipa3HJi He- 
AOBepna npefluiecTByioiuHH napjiaMeHT. Ho B 3tom CTaTbe oh TpeSyer pac- 
uiHpeHHa nojiHOMOHHH napjiaiweHTa, roBopHT o Heo6xoanMOCTH HacToawero 
pa3fleneHHa BJiacreH h npHHaTHa 3aK0Ha o Bbi6opax, KOTopbifi oaejiaji 6w ne- 
B03MO>KHbiM HcnoJib30BaHne «anMHHHCTpaTHBHoro pecypca». 

Koraa Ha3ap6aeB roBopHT o nocTeneHHOM nepexcme k AeMOKpaTHH, 3to 
Bbir^aflHT KaK hhcto «HHCTpyMeHTajibHbie» (htoSh He CKa3aTb - aeMarorH- 
necKHe) 3aaBJieHHa HejiOBeKa, KOTopbiw He xoneT yciynaTb BJiacrb h jiejiMTb- 
ca eio. M HecoMHeHHO, b 3HanHTejjbHOH Mepe TaK h ecTb. Ho HHoraa 6biBaeT, 
hto nejioBeK roBopHT npaBfly, h caM He noii03peBaa, no KaKofi CTeneHH 3TO 
npaB,a,a. 3a 12 JieT He3aBHCHMocTn b Ka3axcTaHe, flefiCTBHTejibHO, npon3o- 
uijw H3MeHeHna, npji6.nn>Kaioui,ne Ka3axcTaHCKoe o6mecxBO K^eMOKpaTHH. 
M Ha3ap6aeBCKHH pexcHM, kotopmh b nepoyio nojiOBHHy 90-x it. pa3BHBajica 
B HanpaBJieHHH ko Bee 6ojibiueMy aBTOpHTapHOMy kohtpo;ik> nan o6mecT- 
bom, Bee 6o.iee h 6ojiee TepaeT stot KOHTpojib. 

22 

Ham onepK «o6pb!Baetca Ha 3Tane aBrycTa 2004 r. «Ha nojiycjiOBe», no- 
cmnbKy «uhkji >kh3hh» Ka3axcTaHCKoro, KaK h poccHHCKoro peacninoB He 3a- 
BepineH. TeM ne Menee Mbi MoaceM nojiBecTH HeKOiopbie hto™. M npexne 
Bcero - cpaBHHTb Ka3axcraHCKoe h poccHHCKoe pa3BHTHe. 

To, HTO pe>KHMbI Ka3aXCT3Ha H POCCHH OflHOTHrTHbie HBHX pa3BHTHH 

npocjiexHBaiOTca o6w.He 3aKOHOMepHOCTH, - oneBHAHO. Ho ecTb h 6oJibuiHe 

pa3JTHHH3. 

Ka3axcTaHCKHfi pokhm, npeeMCTBeHHocTb KOToporo c coBexcKOM chctc- 
moh 6ojibuie, neM y poccHHCKoro, c caMoro Hanana 6bw aBTopHTapHee poc- 

CHHCKOTO. 3TOT pe)KHM 3HaHHTe^IbHO 60JIbUie CKJIOHeH MCnOJlb30BaTb b 6opb- 

233 



flMHTpHH 0ypMaH 



6e c npoTHBHHKaMH rpy6bie TeppopHCTHHecKHe MeToabi, Bpoae bcskhx h36h- 
eHHfl h noaxoroB, coeepwaeMbix «HeH3BectHbiMH». Oh Sbicxpee flOCTHr no- 
cjie pe(pepeHflyMa o.npoaneHHH npe3imeHTCKMX nariHOMOHHH Ha3ap6aeBa 
CTaflHH MaKCHMajibHOH aBTopHTapHOCTH. M Ka3axcTaHUbi, o^eBHaHO, BnpaBe 
6hjih oueHHBaTb pocchhckhh pexHM KaK «6ojiee aeMOKpaTHHecKHvi*, 4eivt hx 
coScTBeHHbiH 276 . {Ceifaac xaKHe oueHKH y>tce HeB03MoxHbi, h Ha3ap6aeB bo 
BpeMH nenaBHero BH3HTa HyTHHa b K.a3axcraH Mor, o6oflpfla FlyrHHa, 3a- 

flBHTb: «riO pe(J)OpMaM KaK 3K0H0MHKH, TaK H nOUHTHKH Mbl npHMepHO Ha 

oahom ypOBHe... fl He 6orocb CKa3aTb, mto b Ka3axciaHe ynpaBJiaeMoe pa3BH- 
Tne neMOKpaTHH* 277 .) 

BnOJIHe B03M05KHO, 4TO C SOJIbLlieH aBTOpHTapHOCTblO Ka3aXCTaHCKOTO 

pexMMa 6uji CB33aH h 6o;iee SbiCTpbiH npouecc 3KOHOMH4ecKoro, phhohho- 
ro petpopMHpoBaHHa Ka3axcraHa. Y Ha3ap6aeBa 6biJiH 6o;iee pa3BH3aHbi py- 
kh, nm y EjibUHHa, oh Mor MeHbiue, HeM ero pocchhckhh co6paT, CHHTaib- 
ca c o6mecTBeHHbiM MHeHHeM. H 3to 6o.nee nocjienoBaiejibHoe pe<popMHpo- 
BaHHe, noxoxe, aatr nnom - Ka3axcraH ceiiHac onepexaeT Pocchw no xeM- 

naM 3K0HOMHHeCKOr0 pa3BHTHfl. 

Ho flpyroft ctopohoh stofo OTHocHTejibHO ycneujHoro pa3BHTna hbjihct- 
ch to, 4to h npH3HaKH ynanKa h KpH3Hca Ka3axcTaHCKoro pe>KHMa noaBH- 
jiHCb paHbiuc, neM npH3HaKH KpH3Hca poccHHCKoro. Pocchhckhh pexwM ne- 
pexHBaeT npH FlyTHHe cboh pacuBer. HHKOMy He H3BecrHbiH ejibUHHCKHH 
HacjiejiHHK CMor b 2000 r. nojiyHHTb 6ojibUje tojiocob, neM EjibUHH b 1996 r., 
h BbmrpaTb b nepBOM Type. B 2004 r. oh (fcaKrawecKH Bbictynan 6e3 KOHKy- 
peHTOB, h ero noKa3aTejin 6bijm eme jiymue. AyMa, H36paHHaa b 1999 r., He- 
H3MepHMO 6ojiee nonxoHTpojibHa anacTH, neM ee npejuiecrBeHHHUbi, aflyvia 

2003 r., B KOTOpOH napTHfl BJiaCTH «EflHHafl P0CCKa» HMeeT KOHCTHTyUHOH- 

Hoe 6o^biiiHHCTBO, a npaBaa JinGepajibHas onno3HUHa BOo6me He npeACiaB- 
jieHa, - 6;iH3Ka k «HfleanbHOH». PoccHHCKoe nojiMTHHecKoe pa3BHTHe HjieT 
He k ycmieHHK) 3JieMeHTOB iieMOKpaTHH, He k poTauHH BJiac™, a K AaJibHeH- 
uieMy ycHJieHHio kohtpojiji aiacTH Haa o6mecTBOM, HCKjiKwaiowero poTa- 
uhh. B Ka3axcTaHe ace HanpaBjreHHe pa3BHTHa - hhoc PacuBeT Ka3axcTaH- 
ckoto pexHMa «6e3aiibTepHaTHBH0H» npe3HaeHTCKOH Bjiacrn npwxoflHTca Ha 
1995-1998 rr., h Tenepeumee noHTH TOXcuecTBO nojiHTHHecKHX chctcm Ka- 
3axcTaHa h Pocchh, o kotopom roBOpMJt Ha3ap6aeB, 3T0 pe3ynbTaT «nepece- 

HeHHfl» pa3HbIX TpaeKTOpHH flBHXeHHJt - ko Bee 60JtbiueH aBTOpHTapHOCTH H 

ynpaBJiaeMOCTH b Pocchh h ko Bee MeHbuiefi - b Ka3axcTaHe. 

BoJiee Toro, noxoxe, hto 3ia «T04Ka nepece~HeHHa» yxe no3aaH h xene- 
peiuHee Ka3axcTaHCKoe oSmecTBO 6ojiee njiiopajiHCTHHecKoe h «OTKpbiToe», 
mow poccHHCKoe. Mh y»ce HeoaHOKpaTHO uHTHpoBajiH Ha3ap6aeBCKoro co- 
BeTHHKa E. EpTbicSaeBa. IlpouHTHpyeM eme pa3. Oh tobopht o 6yaymHx 
npe3HaeHTCKHx BbiSopax: «HaM He Hy>KHO 98%, KaK 3to 6bmo b 1991 roziy. 
HaM He HyatHo h 80%, KaK b 1999 roay. Ho HaM Hy«eH KOHTpojibHbifi naKeT 
3JieKTopaTa, CKaxeM, 5 !%»««. Poccna Haer k 80 h 90%, Ka3axcTaH «CKaTbiBa- 
eTca»K51%. 

234 



rioacoBeTCKHH nojiMTHHecKHH pewHM Ka3axcraHa 



06a pexcHMa crajiKHBaioTCfl c hobmmh Bbi30BaMH. BHanajie ohh npeoao- 
jieBaior «conpoTHMeHHe MaiepHajia», cwji, Koropbie yxe 6biJiH b o6mecTBe k 
MOMeHTy 3apoaciieHHa pescHMa, KOTopue 6biJM nopoxneHbi cobctckhm pa3- 
BHTHeM h coBeTCKOH couHajibHoK CTpyiaypoH. 3to - conpoTHB^eHHe pa6o- 
hhx, KpecTbflH, crapoH HOMeHKjiaTypbi, ^H6epanbH0H HHTejuiHreHUHH, Ha- 
UMOHa^bHbix ^BHxeHHK. GraHOB^eHHe pexHMa h ec?b npeoacmeHHe 3toto 
conpoTHBjieHHa. Ho 3axeM Bee 3aMeTHee craHOBHTCfl conpoTHBJieHne couh- 
aibHbix cjioeB, nopoxneHHwx caMHMH pexHMaMH, npeayie Bcero hoboh 6yp- 
)Kya3HH, KOTOpoft Bee 6oJiee recHbi paiwcH aBTopHTapHwx npe3HaeHTCKHX ch- 
creM. IlojiaieHHe 3-thx hobhx chji aaeT HOByio xmnh ciapofi onno3HUHH h 
H3MeHaeT o6wyio cipyiaypy onno3HUHH. 3to npoHcxoaHT h b Pocchh, h b 
Ka3axcraHe. Ho b Ka3axcTaHe 3-to npoHcxoflHTpaHbiue h b 6ojiee apKHx h pe- 
uiHre^bHbix cpoprnax. Xoaopkobckhh oqyTnncfl b TiopbMe, ejiea Ha4aB cboio 
nojiHTHHecKyio aeaTejibHOCTb. A6jia30B h XaKHaHOB ycnejiH o6ieanHHTb 
bck) pa3HouiepcTHyK) onno3Hunw h BbiaBHHyTb cboio nporpaMMy. MacuiTa- 
6bi hx noiiaepjKKH HecpaBHHMbi c 6ojiee ntu ckpomhmmh MacuiTaSaMH noa- 
aepacKH XoxiopKOBCKoro. CefiHac aeMOKpaTHiecKaa onno3Hu.Ha b Ka3axcia- 
He 3HaiHTejibH0 CHJibHee, neiw b Pocchh, a npaBHTejibCTBeHHbifi aarepb 3Ha- 
MmeJibHO MeHeeiiHCUHnjiHHHpOBaH «BJiacTHOH BepTHKajibK>», Sojiee nrnopa- 
jiHcnmeH. 

Bojiee 6bicrrpoe, ieM b Pocchh, aBHxceHHe Ka3axciaHa k pbiHKy, 6o;iee 
6btcTpoe h b 6oJibuinx MacujTa6ax, neM b Pocchh, B03HHKH0BenHe 6yp>tcya3- 
hoh onno3HUHH h pa3Hbie BeKTOpbi TenepeuiHero pa3BHTHa HauiHx aByx 
crpaH - (paKTbi. Ho ecrb jih csa3b Moicny hmmh, aeftcTBHTejibHo jih b Ka3ax- 
crane H3-3a Sojiee 6biciporo pbiH04Horo pa3BHTHa 6bicTpee (popivrnpyioTcs 
6yp)Kya3Hfl h ee co3HaHHe, mh cKa3aTb He MoaceM. Mo>kho, oaHaKO, yKa3aTb 
Ha HeKOiopbie KyjibTypHbie h CHTyarHBHbie (paicropbi, cnoco6cTB0BaBUiHe, 
oneBRHHO, pa3BHTHio onno3Hu,HH b Ka3axcraHCK0M o6mecTBe h «oiH6epajiH- 
3auHH» Ka3axcTaHCKoro pexcHMa. 

Mm roBopHJiH paHbtue, mto h b Pocchh, h b KamcTaHe MaccoBoe co3Ha- 
HHe ctpeMH^ocb k nopaaicy jik>6oh nenoPi h s-to CTpeMJieHHe h Sbuio ochob- 

HOH «COUHajlbHOH 6a30H» CJI0XHBIU.HXCH pe)KHMOB. HO eCTb H OMeHb 6oab- 

uiwe otjihhhh poccHHCKoro h Ka3axcTaHCKoro MeHTa/iHTeTa. 

B Ka3axCTaHe HeT pocchhckoh TpaojiuHH BejiHKoro cainoaepxaBHoro h 
3aTein cobctckofo TOTaiHTapHOro, HMnepCKOro rocyaapCTBa. 3ia TpaanuHfl 
npHaaeT b Pocchh npoTecry Hapoanbix Mace npoTHB 6ypxya3Hbix petpopM 
cneiiHcpHHecKH aHTnaeM0KpaTH4ecKHH OTTeHOK,nopo)KflaeT xapaKTepHbifi 
HMeHHOflJia nocTCOBeTCKOH Pocchh. «KpacH0-K0pH4HeBbiH» chhtc3 KOMMy- 
HH3Ma h «<paii]HCTOHOToro» HauH0HajiH3Ma, KOTopbifl npenaTCTByeT oS^ejiH- 
HeHHio nocTcoBCTCKHX KOMMyHHCTOB c jmSepajiaMH h jieMOKpaTaMH h npe- 
BpamaeT caM pocchhckhh Jin6epajiH3M b Henro oneHb CTpaHHoe - b JiH6epa- 
JIH3M, Ha 3HaMeHH KOToporo 6mji riHHOHeT. B Ka3axcraHe HeT aroro «Kpac- 
HO-KOpHMHeBoro* CHHTe3a. KoMinyHHCTbi 3flecb - ona6ee, veM b Pocchh. Ho 
niaBHoe, ohh - hhhc Ohh 3HaHHTejibH0 Boabiue, Htu poccHHCKHe, BoenpH- 

235 



flMMTpHK ItypMaH 



hjum aeMOKpaTHMecKMe ueHHOcra, h Meayiy hhmm h jiH6epa^bHOH onno3H- 
UHeii yciaHOBunMCb nponHbie oTHOuieHHH cOTpyaHHHecTBa™. Cootbctct- 
BeHHO h b «npaBbix» Kpyrax hct toto «300JionmecK0ro aHTHKOMMyHH3ina», 

KOTOpblH npHBOAHJI K TOMy, HTO pOCCHHCKHe «fleMOKpaTbl» npMBeTCTBOBaJIH 

jiro6bie aHTH3aK0HHbie fleficTBHa BJiacra, earn ohh SbUiH HanpaiyieHM npo- 

THB «KOMMyHMCTHqeCKOH yrpo3bi». 

PoccHHCKaa caMOAepxaBHas? rocyaapcTBeHHaa TpaflHiwa BHanajie b Ka- 
koh-to Mepe pa6oTajia Ha KOMMyHHCTHnecicyio onno3HUHio, ho nocieneHHO 
oHa Bee 6ojTbine HanHHaeT pa6oraTb Ha npe3naeHTCKHH aBTopirrapHNfi pe- 
xchm. PoccnftcKoe co3HaHne c o6jierHeHneM «y3HaeT» b npe3HAeHTCKOH B^a- 

CTH «HOpMaJIbHyK>», Tpa^HUHOHHyiO JWH POCCHH CaMOflepXaBHyK) BJiaCTb. 

Yxe EnbUHH atcrHBHO ncnonb3yeT caMOaepacaBHbie chmbojim, a FlyTHH nojib- 
3ye?cs h caMoaepxaBHOft, h coBeTCKofi chmbojihkoh, noflnepKHBaa Tpaan- 
uMOHHOCTb h npeeMCTBeHHOCTb CBoevi BJiac™. Ha3ap6aeB b Ka3axciaHe He 
HMeeT TaKOH HCTopHHecKOH onopw. Mojkho He HpHHHMaTb Bcspwa HfldO 
«KOHeBOH fleMOKpaTHH» HJ1H TOTO, HTO «npHHUHH TOJiepaHTHOCTH 3a^O>KeH B 

CTeriHofi uHBHJiH3auHn K3K (J)yHflaMeHTaJibHbiH npnHunn^ S0 , HO JICHO, HTO 
K a3axcKoe npomjioe, KasaxcKHe TpaflMiHfl h Kyjibiypa He «pa6oTaiOT» b TaKOH 
Mepe Ha aBTopmapHyio CHcreMy, KaK poccni*CKHeai. 

KaKyw-TO pojib Moryr nrpaib h njieMeHHbie h xy30Bbie nepexMTKH, ko- 
Topbie B npouecce .aeMOKpaTHnecKoro pa3BHTHa Moryr cbirpaTb He TOJibKO 
«jiexamyio Ha noBepxHOc™» HeraTHBHyio pojib. Pocchhckoc o6mectBO hoji- 
HocTbio aTOMHSHpoBaHO, h ripn oTcyTCTBHH «rpaxaaHCKoro o6mecTBa» chc- 
TeMbi ao6poBOJibHbix opraHwsauHH oho OKa3biBaeTca coBepuieHHO 6e33a- 
iuhtho nepea BiiacTbio. PasoSweHHbie, aTOMH3HpoBaHHbie KHJiHBKAbi He mo- 
ryr npOTHBonocraBHTb eft KaKyio-To coJiHflapHOCTb. B Ka3axdaHe rpaaman- 
CKoe o6mecTBO pa3BHTO He 6ojibuie poccHHCKoro. Ho coxpaHawiUHeca <m- 
rocyiiapcTBeHHbie* coJTMiiapHocTH w jioanbHOc™ b KaKOH-io Mepe Moryr, 
OHeBHflHO, BOcn&riHHTb ero cjia6ocTb h aerom, unm^ma nyTb MeHee oahho- 
khm h 6e33auiHTHbiM nepea BJiacTbio. Coaaaerca omyweHne, hto b KasaxcTa- 

He B OTJIHHHe OT POCCHH, BC3KHe EUiaCTHbie BepTHKaJlH H npe3HAeHTCKHe 

napTHHHbie erpyicrypbi, aocTwraa onpeiiejieHHoro ypoBHa ynpaBJiaeMoc™, 
jjajiee HaHHHaioT «paccbinaTbca» - 6opb6a HMHOBHHHbH-OJinrapXHHecKHX 
oaHOB HaMHHaeT BbixowTb 3a GesonacHbie npeaenu, npomeauiHe ctpothh 
ox6op aenyra™ Biipyr HaHHHaioT roJiocoiiaTb HeoxHflaHHOjuia anacTH. flJie- 
MeHHbie h )Ky30Bbie cbh3h Moryr h CManaTb HjieojiorHHecKHe h couHa^bHbie 
aHTaroHH3Mbi. HrpaiotJiH ohh KaKyro-TO pojib b HecoMHeHHO 6ojibiueH neM 

B POCCHH, CnOC06HOCTH KasaXCTaHCKOH Onn03HUHH K 06T>eflHHeHMI0 b 6opb- 

6e c aBTopHTapHofi B^acibio? 

Bpsu jiH cjiyMafiHO, ito 6o^ibUiHHCTBO JiiwepoB onno3HUHH (h L. At>- 
flvuTbflHH h 0. CyjiefiMeHOB, h r. >KaKHHH0B, h A. Kaxere^bflHH, h A. Ko- 
)KaxMeTOB) - H3 CpenHero xcy3a. floMHHHpoBaHHe HaaapSaeBCKoro Orapuiero 
acysa ecTecTBeHHO, BeaeT k HeflOBOJibCTBy KasaxoB H3 CpeziHero h Mjiaamero 
xyaoB, h 3to neaoBOJibCTBO npHHHMaex 4>opMy nojiHTOnecKOH onnosHUHOH- 

236 



nocTcOBeiCKHM nojimiwecKHK pewuM Ka3axcraHa 



hoc™, b ochobhom Jin6epajibH0fi oKpacKH. H Bpaa m 6yaeT npaemibHo CKa- 
3aTb, 4to 3aecb3a^H6epajibHOH <J)pa3eojiorneH «npaHyrcji» apxaHiecKHe raie- 
MeHHbie HHTepecw. CKopee 3th HHrepecti, ymeMJieHHocm, npe^CTaBHTeneH 
apyrax xy30B b yanoBHax Ha3ap6aeBCKoro peauwa cnocoScTByiOT npHHSTHio 
jiHSepajibHOH naeojiorHH h cMaraioT HueanorHHecKMe nporaBopevHfl. 

Bee 3to - Bonpocbi, Ha KOTopbie HeT roTOBbix otbctob, ohh TpeoyiOT 
6ojibujnx h TpyaoeMKHx HccjieflOBaHHii. TeM He MeHee rnnoTe3a o «pa3Jiara- 
tomefi» aBTopmapHyio mcmnnaHy h b k3koh-to Mepe «pa6oTaiomeH» Ha 
iieMOKpaTH3auHio pojim coxpaHfliomHxca ruieMeHHbix h acy30Bwx jiosuibHoc- 
Teii MHe npeacTaBJiflexca npaBflonoao6Hofi. 

OneHb cjiCBKHyio pojib wrpaeT h 3THHiecKHH !MiopajiH3M Ka3axcTaHa, 
npexae Bcero Ha^Hine b hcm KOJioccajibHoro pyccKoro MeHbuiHHCTBa. C oji- 
hoh ciopoHbi, ero noTeHmiaribHbie cenaparacTCKH-HppcneHTHCTCKne reHiieH- 
uhh Bceraa 6buiH oothm H3 apryMeHTOB ( ny6jiiiHHo He npon3HocnMbix, ho 
BceM noMTHbix) b nojib3y «CMJibHOH BHacTH».H npeame Bcero - Ha3HaHeHna 
o6jiacTHbixaKHMOB. TaKHM o6pa30M, «pyccKHH <paKTop» CKopee pa6oiaji HaaB- 
iopnTapH3M. Ho ecTb h apyrafl cropOHa ero b^hhhh3. HeoGxoflHMOcrh «ycno- 
KawBaTb* pyccKHx noponmia nocTosiHHoe noaiepKHBaHHe Ha3ap6aeBbiM h ero 

HUeOJIOraMH UeHHOCTefi 3THHHeCK0H, KyjlbTypHOfi H peJlHrH03HOH TOJiepaHT- 

hocth. Ho coBepuieHHO Taicyio xe no3nunio 3aHHMaeT h onno3HUHa, nocToaH- 
ho, ot 0. CyjieflMeHOBa ao A. KaxerejiwwHa, C. AQjrnibmm H HBK, o6bhhh- 
lomaa Ha3ap6aeBa b AHcicpHMMHanHH pyccKHx. «Bopb6a 3a pyccicnx» wexcuy 
BJiacTbio h onno3HUHJiMH cnoco6cTByeT TOMy, hto mm TOJiepaHTHocra, ikh- 
hocth rmiopajiH3Ma CTaHOBHTca o6iuhmh /ma Bcex peajibHbix nojwraHecKMX 
chji, mto 6^aronpH3TCTByeT yKopeHeHHio ,neM0Kpa™4ecKHx ueHHocTCH. 

HaKOHeu, BaacHyw po;ib b pa3BHTH« aeMOKparaqecKoft onno3nunn h 60- 
Jiee aeMOKpaTHHecKOH «aTMoc<pepbi» b Kasaxcrane HrpaiOT h hhcto cjiynaH- 
Hbie (fcaKTOpbi. B HCTOpHH pexHMOB, nono6Hbix Ka3aXCTaHCK0My H pOCCHH- 
cKOMy, rpoMaaHyio po;ib nrpaiOT cpaicropbi «6nojiorHHecKHe» - B03pacT m 3jio- 
pOBbe npe3HaeHT0B h pa3Hoe cooTHOiueHMe uhkjiob hx xh3hh c uhkjmmh 
pa3BHTHJi pexHMOB. CrapeHHe h 6ojie3Hb npe3HneHTa ann TaKoro pojia pe>KH- 
mob - Bceraa Kpn3Hc. 3to Kpn3HC bo Bcex aBTOpMTapHbix pexHiwax, aaxe b Ta- 
khx, KaK MOHapXHH c wtkhm nopaAKOM npecToaoHac^ejiMa. TeM Sojiee 3to 
KpM3nc b peacHMax, rue npecTOJiOHaoieaHe - HeonpeaeneHHO, rae ciapeio- 
mwe BJiacrm-ejiH inoryT Ha3HaMHTb Hac^eaHHKOM ne^OBeKa H3 pa3JiH-iHbix 
rpynn m Her CTonpoueHTHOH rapaHTHH, mo B^acTbiieiicTBHTejibHO nepeHaeT 
k TOMy, kto Ha3HaneH. EdecTBeHHO, mo 6jiH3ocn> nepeaaMH BJiacm - 3-to 
CMTyauHfl pe3Koro o6ocTpeHHa 6opb6u npn«BopHbix napTHM, Korzta pa3Hbie 
rpynnnpoBKH «no,ncoBbiBaioT» pa3Hbie KaHflnaarypbi, Koraa hhkto H3 eejib- 
Moac He MOxeT SbiTb ysepeH b cbocm 6yaymeM. B raKoft cHtyauHH Bceraa npo- 
HCXOflHT HeKOTopaa «0Jinrapxn3auH3» h aaxe «,aeM0KpaTH3aunH» peacMMa, 
h66 6opromHeca rpynnHpoBKH anejuwpyioT k 6o^ee uumpokhm cjiohm sjihtw 
h aaxe k Hapoay, B CCCP TaK 6biJio h b nepwon 6o^e3HH h 3aieM noaue ciwep- 
th JleHHHa, h nocjie cMepra CiaaHHa m npw Bcex noc^ieiiyiomHx nepexoaax 

237 



JjMKTpHH (JlypMaH _^ 

bmcth B nocTcoBeicKOH hcto P hh Pocchh cxoxas cHTyaiwn B03HHioia b 
1999 r noKa Ejh>uhh He onpeae^raca c npeeMHHKOM, - BHyTpH3JiHTapHaH 
6opb6a pe3KO o6ocTpHJiacb h Macrb anntbi aaxe nbiranacb «caMOopraHioo- 
BaTbca* h caMOCTOSTejibHO BbWBHHyrb cBoero KaHOTflaia (IlpHMaKOBa). 

Ofla cyab6bi pexHMa oieHb BaxHO, oneBHAHO, Ha KaKOft 3ian ero pa3BM- 
m naiiaei Hew36exHbifi k P h3HC npeeMCTBeHHOCTH, HacryruieHHe KOToporo 

HHK3K He CB33aHO C UHKJI3MH, HMMaHeHTHblMH peXMMy. ECJIH p«KHM &JIH' 

3 HTca k ynajwy. cjia6eeT, ecjw b hcm yace BbispejiH aura, cipeMKuwecH bhh- 
th 3a ero npefleJiM, to 6Hononi4ecKHft ynaaoK m c M e P Tb Boruiomaiomero ero 
BJiacTHTejia Moryr OKasaTbca ana Hero pokobmmh. Ecjih xe pexwM aajieK ot 
ynaiiKa, CMe H a BJiacraTWiefi wn e M y numb Ha no^bsy - hobmh npaBHiejib 
Bb.3b.Baet paayxHbie oxvmwm, oh MoxeT H36aBHTbca ot nawSojiee oa«03- 
hhx 4epT npaMeHHa h nepcoHaxefi, cflsraaHHHX c ero npeauiecTBeHHHKOM. 
B Pocchh kphshc nepeaa™ b^ecth 6i>ui pa3peuieH b ueraM homtm nne- 
ajibHo una peacHMa, BcrynHBUiero np« ejibumcKOM npeeMHHKe b nepnoa 
pacm*ra. B 3HaHHTejibH0H Mepe 3T0 npoiwoimio noiOMy, mto nepeaana BJia- 
cth coBepuiHJiacb Ha oiHOCHTejibHO paHHeM 3 T ane pa3BHTHa pexHMa - ao 

B03HHKH0BeHH5I Ce P be3HOrO KOH(pJIHKTa aBTO P HTa P H0H npe3HaeHTCK0H BJI3- 

cth h hoboh 6yp>icya3H0H moth, Koraa cHJibi, KOTopbie mo™ 6bi nonbiTaib- 

Cfl B 3TOH KPH3HCHOH CHTyaiWH H3MeHHTb pOKHM, ewe He CJIOKHJIHCb. KpO- 

M e Toro EnbUHH npoaBHJi yaHBHieabHyio M yapocTb, ca M yfcw b otcraBKy h 
nasHaHHB npeeMHHKOM Majio H3 B ecTHoro 4eJioBe K a, He cjihiiikom CBasaHHO- 

ro c ero npaBJieHHeM. 

B KasaxcTaHe cHiyauHfl HHaa. HasapGaeB He HacTOJibKO ycnm h 6oneH, 
K3K EjibUHH b KOHue CBoero npaBJieHwa, xoia roau, ecTecTBeHHO, mnmam 
6oaTb cBoe. CosceM HeaaBHo 6bijio 3aaBJieHO, ito oh HaMepeBaeica hath Ha 
npe3H fl eHTCKne BbiSopu b 2006 r .». K P h3hc nepeaaMH BJiacra b Kaaaxcia- 
H e - Bnepeaw Me>Kay TeM b KasaxciaHCKOM o6mecTBe 6bicTpee, neM b poc- 
chhckom C03 P eBaroT cwih, apeMawHecH k nepexoay or peacHMa jihmhoh 
BjiactK K npaBOBOMy pexHMy. M ecib uiaHCbi, hto 3 th chjih CMoryr Bocnojib- 
30BaTbca eme npeaciosiWHM b KasaxcTane kphshcom - hjih BOo6iue He ao- 
nvciHB HacjieacTBeHHOH nepeaa4H BJiacxn, hjih aonyctHB, ho Ha onpeaejicH- 
Hbix «KOHflH U Hax* (Hcnojib3yj. xepMHH pyccKHx BejibMox, nbiiaBiuHxca or- 
paHHMHTb caMoaepxaBHe npw BouapeHHH Ahhh HoaHHOBHw), iaK mto npaB- 
SeHHe npeeMHHKa (hjih npeeMHHUbi) 6yaeT Me H ee nepcoHajiHCTCKHM h aBto- 
pHiapHbiM, c 60JibiueH poJibio npasa, napjiaweHia, caMoynpaBJieHHa, noaro- 
xaiyiHBatoiUHM oKOHnaTeJibHUH nepexofl k HopManbHOH cwcieMe aeMOKpa- 

THMeCKOH pOTaUHH BJiaCTH. 

23 

Mbi CTapajiHCb no bo3mo>khocth 6ecnpHCTpacTHO onwcaTb KasaxcxaH- 
ckhh peacHM. OneHb MHoroe b 3tom peacHMe, Ka K h b poacrBeHHOM eMy poc- 
cHflCKOM, HactojibKO OMeBHflHo HenpHBJTeKaiejibHO, mo KaK hh crapaHca 
6biTb 6T,eKTHBHbiM, KapTHHa Bee paBHo nojiyHaeTca MajionpwaTHaa. 

238 



floacoBeTCKHii iKMiHTHiecKHit pertHM Ka3axcraHa 



Ho Hama 3aAaia - He BWHocHTb MopaabHoe cyxaenMe 3thm pexHMaM, a 
onpeaeaHTb hx Mecra b 3bojhouhh Haiuwx oSmecTB. A ana 3toto mm aoaacHbi 
3aaaTb Bonpoc: kslkhs motjih 6biTb aabTepHaTHBbi? AjibrepHaraBbi, pa3yMeeT- 
ca, 6bLHH, oco6eHHO b nepiioa 3apo»meHHa 3thx pexKMOB, b 1991 r. Cpean 
hhx, oieBHAHo, 6buiw h Sorcee xopouiHe, h 6oaee njioxwe, c 6ojibiiiHMH h 
MeHbuiHMH aneMemaMH aBTopHTapn3Ma h 6ojibuiHMH h MeHbiiiHMH aneMeH- 
TaMH aeMOKpaTHH. Ho, Ha Haul B3rjina, HacToawaa aeM0Kpa™a, npaBOBoe 
o6mecTBo, b kotopom onno3HUHa MoxeT daTb anacibio, b hhcjio 6ojiee win 
MeHee peajibHbix ajibrepHaraB hh b Pocchh, hh b Ka3axcTaHe stoto BpeMeHH 
He Bxoflwia. CrpaHbi c TaKofi HcxopHeft h TaKHM co3HaHHeM, KaK Pocchh h 
Ka3axcTaH, b 1991 r. npHHTH k aeMOKpaTHH, k CHCTeMe 6opb6bi 3a BJiacTb h 

pOTaUHH BJiaCTH Ha Bbl6opaX, K KOTOpOH npKUIJlH nOCTKOMMyHHCTH'ieCKHe 

CTpaHbi UieHTpajibHOH EBponw a BajiTHH, 6buiH He cnocoSHbi. CaeaoBaTejib- 

HO, HaiUH peXHMbl MB HaUJHX CTpaH - «HOpMaJlbHbie», 

M (pHrypbi HauiHx npe3HaeHTOB «HopMajibHbie», Hh EauiHH, hh Ha3ap- 
6aeB hh b Koew Mepe He MeaoapaMaTHHecKHe 3JioaeH. 3to o6bi4Hbie juoan, 
THnHMHbie npeacraBHTejw CBoero couHajibHoro caoa h cbohx o6iuecTB, pa3- 
aeaaiomHe Bee npeapaccyaKH MaccoBoro co3HaHna 2g3 . Ha hx MecTe motoh 
6biTb jipyrae, qyn jiyrnie h yMHee hjih, Hao6opoT, nyrb xyxe h rjiynee. Ko- 
He^Ho, 3to BHeaio 6bi KaKne-TO KoppeicraBbi b nocTCOBercKyro hctophio Ha- 
uihx CTpaH. Ho npaKTHqecKH HecoMHeHHO, hto Bee paBHO Sbijio 6bi cipoH- 
TejibCTBO HenpaBOBoii CHCTeMbi jihihoh BJiacTH, npHKpbiBaeMoii npaBOBbiMH 
(popMaMH, Bee paBHO 6biJia 6bi «ceMefiHaa 3KOHOMHKa» h KOppynuHa. Hio6bi 
b nocrcoBeTCKOH CHTyauHH «6e3ajTbTepHaTHBHbiH» npe3HaeHT He o6oraTHJi- 
ca caM B xoae npaicnmecKH 6ecKOHTpo;ibHO ocymecTBaHBiueHca hm npHBa- 
TH3auHH vt He nbnajica 6w npaBaaMH h HenpaBaaMK 3aKpenHTbca y BJiacrH, 
oh nojixen 6biTb cBaTbiM. Ho cbstoh He Mor craTb noctcoBeTCKHM npe3HaeH- 
tom. CoBepmeHHO pa3Hbie aroaH - h He cjihuikom KyjibTypHbifi h HMnyjib- 

CHBHHH EjlbUHH, H «npOXXeHHWH» KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHH 6lOpOKpaT H XHT" 

peu Ha3ap6aeB, h yTomeHHbiH HHTejuiwreHT h «oohth anccHaeHT» Tep-lle- 
tpochh, h aKaaeMHK AicaeB ujjih no oahoh h toh xe aopore h co3aaBa™ 
04eHb noxoxwe pexwrnbi. Ha3ap6aeB HnqyTb He xyxe, HanpHMep, EabUHHa, 
h KaKne 6bi rpexH hh 6buiH Ha ero coBec™, ohh 3HaHHTejibH0 MeHbiue, hcm 
«rpexH» KpoBaBoro nepeBopoia 1993 r. h qeneHCKHX bohh 384 . Ha3ap6aeB mo- 
aceT npeiiTjflBHTb aaxe 6ojibme o6ieKTHBHbix ycnexoB h aocTHaceHHH, neM 
Jlpyrae nocTcoBeTCKHe npe3HaeHTbi. Uo^th «HeMbicjiHMoe» Ka3axcTaHCKoe 
rocyaapcTBO cocToajiocb, KpOBaBwx KOH(paHKTOB He 6biJio, a pocT B8n, kto 
hh roBOpH - Bee xe 6ojree 6wcTpbiH, 4ein b jhoSoh nocrcoBeTCKOH CTpaHe, h 

OilHH H3 CaMMX BblCOKHX B MHpC 

IlocTCOBeTCKHe «6e3ajibTepHaTHBHbie» npe3HaeHTbi 6ecKOHeHHO h Ha 
Bee Jiajibi noBTopaioT oaHy Mbicjib - HauiH Hapoflbi ao aeMOKpatHM ne ao- 
pocjiH, aeMOKparaa npHBeaeT k anapxHH, c aeMOKpaTHew mm 3ajibeMca Kpo- 
Bbio. rio3TOMy nycTb eBponewubi h aMepHKaHuw He ae3yr k HaM co cbohmh 
peuemaMH h coBeTaMH. Hto hm - xopomo, to aaa Hac - ra6eab. Koraa-HH- 

239 



Ammtphm (DypMaH 



6yflb k jieMOKpaTHH Mbi npHfleM, ho 3to - Kon»-Hn6yflb. HasapSaeB noBTO- 
pjUT 3T0 MHOxecTBO pa3. «Hejib3H H3 ahji BHepauiHero BHesanHO nepenpur- 
HVTb b fl eMOKpaTHK3 (ppanuyscKyio hjih aMepHKaiiCKyio. TaK He 6breaer»* 
« K hhm ( k 3anafly) fleMOKparaa npHxojjHJia 1 50-200 jict. IloHeMy xe ohh 
xotst ot HacaeMOKpaTHH cpa3y?» M «Ecjih 6u 3/iecb (b LJeHTpajibHOH Ashh) 
He SbiJio nsiTb aBTopHTapHbix pextiMOB, 3flecb 6bwo 6h aecaTb 6eH Jlaae- 

H0B»3'. CBOeKOpblCTHe 3THX paCCyXHeHHH, HX npOUHKTOBaHHOCTb xejiaHH- 

eM «HaanacTBOBaTbca' BcnacTb» h o6e3opyxHTb 3anaaHyio KpHTHKy, oseBH/i- 

Hbl HO CBOeKOpblCTHHH MOTHB 3THX BbICKa3HBaHHH eUie He 3HaMHT, 4TO 
OHH HeBCpHbi H HBJIJHOTCa, KaK OHUieT aMepHKaHCKafl HCCJieflOB3TeJIbHHUa 

M Ojikott, JiHUib «rojiocjioBHHM onpasaaHHeM kohcojihjwij.hh BJiacTH b py- 
Kax npaBflmefi mhtu»». «OnpaB/iaHHeM» ohh, 6e3ycjiOBHO, HBJiaiOTCfl, ho 

«rojiocjioBHbiM» - Her. 

npH3HaHHe npaBOTbi TaKHX paccyxneHHii nocrcoBeTCKHX npe3HfleHTOB 
HaTiUiKHBaexca Ha Ham MopajibHhitt npoxecT. Ho oho ne osHanaex hh otpm- 
uaHHH a6coJiK)THoro MopajibHoro smqeHna neMOKpaTHH, hh pacHCTCKoro 
npH3HaHHH BeHHofi HepapxHH HapoaoB. HeMOKpaTHfl - aocTHxeHHe MejiOBe- 
^ecTBa, KOTOpbiM paHbiue hjih no3xe jjojixhu OBJiaAeTb Bee. Ho sto xaKxe He 
3Ha4HT, mto Bee Hapoflbi Moryr ycBOHTb neMOKpaTHK) cpa3y h hto Te, kto He 
Moacer ycBOHTb ue cpa3y, He ycBOHT HHKoraa h ycBOHTb He MOxeT, KaK npH- 

3HaHHe HOpMaJIbHOCTH H 06fl3aTeJIbH0CTH rpaMOTHOCTH hjih BJiaaeHHH apHCp- 

MeTHKofi He osHanaei, hto pe6eHOK mojkct HayHHTbca CHHTaTb h HHiaTb 3a 
ohhh aeHb hjih oaHy Heaejrio. Hto6h hphhth k aeMOKpaTHH, Haao «nor*iy- 
HHTbca*. H. Ha3ap6aeBy npHHaanexHT onHa 3araaOHHaa <ppa3a: «fleMOKpa- 

THK) HeJlb33 BBeCTH fleKpeTOM. fleMOKpaTHK) MOXHO TOJlbKO BblCTpaflaTb. Mbi 

ceftqac KaK pas h HaxoOTMca b $a3e "crpsmmn"^. CoBepiueHHO HenoHaT- 
ho, KaKyio pOJib b 3THX crpaaaHHax Ha3ap6aeB npHnncbmaJi ce6e, - Bps/i jih 
Bee xe oh noapa3yMeBan no/j hhmh CTpaaaHHH Tex, kto BCTymui b 6opb6y c 
ero pexHMOM h OKa^cs b TiopbMe. Ho ene 3aBHCHM0c™ ot SToro, BbicKa- 
3bmaHne sto, Ha moh B3rjiaa, He rajibKO npaBHJibHoe, ho h rjiy6oKoe. 

Bojiee pa3BHTbie, 6ojiee noaroTOBJieHHbie eBoefl HCTopweH h KyjibTypoH 
napoflbi CCCP, npeame Bcero 6ajiTHHCKHe, MorjiH npflMO H3 KOMMyHHCTHie- 
cKoro crpoa uiarHyrb k aeMOKpaTHH. fljia HapoaoB Pocchh h KasaxcraHa, He 
HMeBiiiHX npaio-HHecKH HHKaKoro onbiTa aeMOtcpaTHH, Ka3axH - h onbiTa ca- 
MOCTOflTejibHoro rocynapcTBa, TaKOH npbUKOK 6hji He no CHJiaM. ^Jia hhx 
6h^h ecTecTBeHHb! nepexoaHbie (popMbi, coneTaioiiiHe aBTOpKTapH3M c Ka- 

KHMH'TO SJieMeHTaMM fleMOKpaTHH. 

M Ka3axcTaHCKHH, h poccHHCKHH pexHMbi - nepexojiHbie. 3to pokmmh, 
b TeneHHe jkh3hh kotophx o6mecTBa ycBaHBaioT HeKOTopbie sjjeMeHtapHbie 

aCMOKpaTHMeCKHe H pblHOHHbie HOpMbI H npHBblHKH, yXOZWT H3 XH3HH nOKO- 

jieHwa, c<popMHpoBaBuiHeca npn ToxajiHTapH3Me h Hecyiuwe ero oTnenaxKH 
H a CBo'eM cosHaHHH, h npHXOflHT hobhc c(popMHpoBaBuiHeca eaiH He b ae- 
MOKpaTHHecKHX, to Bee xce b 3Ha<JHTe^bHO 6ojtee cBo6oiiHbix ycjioBHax. Jto 
pexHMU, b paMKax Korapbix jkmukhm BtnpeTb chjili, KOTopbiM ohh CTano- 

240 



flocTCOBeTCKHii no^HTHHecKHH pewMM Ka3axaaHa 



BHTC3 TeCHM, H KOTOpblC B KOHUe KOHU.OB flOJIXHb! HX CJIOMSTb. flaxe H3 Ha- 

iuero KpaTKoro onepKa sbojihjuhh Ka3axcraHCKoro pexwrna bhaho, KaK npo- 
ABHHyjiocb Btiepea 3a Ha3ap6aeBCKne roabi Ka3axcraHCKoe oSmecTBO, KaK 
yKopeHHWTCH b HeM 6a30Bbie AeMOKpaTHnecKne ueHHocra h KaK pacTd He- 
AOBOJibCTBO Ha3ap6aeBbiM h coaaaHHofi hm chctcmoh. 

OnpeaejieHHe Ka3axciaHCKoro h poccHHCKoro pexHMOB KaK nepexon- 
Hbix, b paMKax KOTopux o6iuecTBa noaroTaBJiHBaioTCH k aeMOKpatHH, He 03- 
HanaeT, oflHaKO, 4to nepexon k JieMOKpaTHH MoxeT npoH30HTH npodo nyTeiw 
HeyioiOHHoro h nocieneHHoro ycmieHHa sjieMeHTOB aeMOKpaTHH BHyrpH 
3thx peacHMOB. Pa3BHTHe o6mecTB h pa3BHTHe pexHMOB He coBnaaaioT. Pe- 
>khm pa3BHBaeTcs! He b cooTBeTCTBHH c JiorHKofl pa3BHTHa o6mecTBa, a B co- 
OTBeTCTBHH co CBOefl BHyrpeHHeH jiooikoh. CTpeMfluiHHCfl k «6e3anbTepHa- 
thbhocth* npe3HfleHT aojixeH oxpaHATb h yKperuiHTb 3Ty 6e3ajibiepHaTHB- 

HOCTb, pacnpOCTpaHflfl CBOH KOHTpOJlb H «npHHUHn 6e3aJlbTepHaTHBHOCTH» 

Ha Bee ypoBHH h c^epbi o6mecTBa. Bo3moxho, nocjie iiBuxeHHj? «no bocxo- 
AJiLueH», ko Bee 6ojibmeMy kohtpojho, mojkct Hanarbca ABHxeHHe b npo™- 
BonojioxHOM HanpaBJieHHM, KompoJib HaHHeT ocna6eBaTb, peacHM Moxer 
hjith Ha KaKHe-TO ycrynKH oSmecTBy, bboah sjieMeHTbi aeMOKpaTHM. Ho 3to 
Bcer.ua yerynKH, caejiaHHbie noil naBJieHHeM h so xex npeaeJiOB, noKa ohh He 
3aTparHBarciT ocHOBHoro npHHuwna - 6e3ajibTepHa™BH0CTH ero BJiacTH. Ho 
BnauHe B03MoacHa, 04eBHflHO, h o6paTHaa 3aBHCHMocTb - o6mecTBo MoaceT 
CTaHOBHTbca Bee 6ojiee roTOBHM k jieMOKparaH, a pe>KHM, hmchho noaiOMy, 
6ojiee penpeccHBHbiM. 

B jik>6om cjiyiae Mexay pexHMaMH Ka3axciaHCKoro h poccHHCKoro ™na 
h aeMOKpaTHefi - He rnanKHH, nocreneHHbm nepexoa, a pa3pbiB. nepexon k 
aeMOKpaTHW, b HHoe KaqecTBeHHoe cocroaHHe o6mecTBa, MOxeT npoH30HTH 
jiHuib c naaeHHeM sthx pe^HMOB 2 ? . Oh HeoraejiHM ot CHTyamra, Koraa 06- 
mecTBO BnepBbie Bbi6epeT He Toro, kto yace y BJiacTH hah kto onpeaejieH b 
npeeMHHKH ctohiiihm y BJiacra. 3to - eme He no6eaaaeMOKpaTHH, ho a6co- 
jiiotho Heo6xoflHMbiH nepBbift mar k Heft. Ho hcho, hto conpoTHBJieHHe sto- 
My iuary co ciopOHw npe3nneHTCKHx peacHMOB 6yiieT oacecroqeHHMM, h npo- 
CToe rojiocoBaHHe, pe3yjibTa™ KOToporo Bceraa moxho nomacoBaTb, k HeMy 
npHeecTH He moxct (mm bhahm 3to Ha npHMepax A3ep6aiin*aHa, Tpy3HH, 
YKpaKHbi). npeacTaBHTb ce6e 3Ty py6e)KHyio CHTyaunio, coBepmaiomyroca 
coBepuieHHO rmaBHO, 6e3 ynacTHH y^MUH, 6e3 onopu onno3HUHH Ha iwacco- 
Boe ABMaceHHe, napa^H3yromee conpoTHB^eHHe BJiacTH, oneHb Tpyimo. 

E[pe3Hfl;eHTbi, roBopamHe, mo hx o6mecTBa He co3pejiH ma iieMOKpaTHH 
h HyaoiaioTcs bo BpeMeHH juih nepexoaa k Heft, BnojiHe bo3mojkho, npaBbi. 
Ho oneHb MajioBeposTHO, mo ohh Koraa-Hn6yflb cKaxyr: bot ceii4ac 3to 
BpeMS HacTajio h xenepb 3 Mory BbinyctHTb 6pa3iibi npaBJieHHfl h aaTb Hapo- 
ay CBo6oii.Ho H36paTb Toro, Koro oh xohct. O HacTyaneHHH 3Toro BpeMeHH 
ohh y3HaioT, KaK y3Han LUeBapflHafl3e, no TOJinaM Ha yjiHuax, Tpe6yiomHM hx 

OTCTaBKH H HeCTHblX Bbl6opOB. 



241 



flMMTpHH OypMaH 



ripHMenaHMfl 



1 Te jioKajJbHbie, He o6mecoi03Hbie rpaxaaHCKHe bohhh, Korapwe Bee xe B03- 
HHtaiH b ptme pecny6jiHK (TaoxHKHCTaH, MojmpBa, rpy3na), Gbijih 6opb6oH He aH- 

THKOMMyHHCTOB C K0MMyHHCT3MH, a MOK&y 3TH0CaMH H Cy63THOCaMH. 

2 ripn Bceft THnmHOCTM Taioix 6ucrpbix h paflHKajibHHX nepeiweH MHpOB033pe- 
hhh npeflCTaBHTejutMH coBeicKofi 3J1HTH, b hmx ecTb HeHTO «3araflOHHoe». Jinn ofih- 
caHHH aroro flBJieHiia HeT anetcBaTHbix tcpmhhob. 

Pa3yMeercji, Hejieno npcacTaaiuiTb ce6e, hto b 1990-1991 rr. y nyTb jih He Bceii 

COBeTCKOH 3J1HTH fleHCTBHTeJlbHO «OTKpbLHHCb TJia3a» Ha KOMMyHHCTH^eCKyiO Hjieo- 

jiorHio h coBeicKyio cwcTeviy h oHa paaHKanbHo cineHHJia MHpoB033peHHe, craB «va 
CaanoB IlaBJiaMH*. (TaK, Ha3ap6aeB no3>Ke ooMCKaji cbok> nueftHyio «peBOJiiouHio» 
BJiH3HneM, Koiopoe 0Ka3ajia Ha Hero KHHra <t>. Xafieica «flopora k pa6cTBy». - Cm.: 
Epmbtc6aee E. Ka3axcTaH m Ha3ap6aeB: Jioiwa nepeMeH. AcraHa: «Enopjxa», 2001. 

C. 191 .) flCHO, 1TO (paKTHieCKH K 3T0My BpeHeHH Bepa B OTJKHBUiyiO KOMMyHHCTHHe- 

cicyio HtteojiorHio b coBeTCKOft ajiHre yace 6buia yrpaneHa. Ho He MeHee CMeuiHO npea- 
CTaaiuiTbno3jwecoBeTCKy]o annry cocroameH cnjiouibH3TaHHbix aHTHKOMMyHHcroB, 
H3o6paa:aK>iuHx H3 ce6a KOMMyHHCTOB, Kate UIthpjihu - tpauiHCTa. ( H3 pyKOBOAHTe- 
jiew CHP raKyio Moaejib o6T,acHeHHd CBoero noBezieHHa Hcnojib30Baa, HacKo^bKO 
Ham H3BecTHO,TOJibKO I\ Ajihcb, Bcepbe3yTBep3KflaBiiiHK, "no, 6yAyHH nepBbiM ceKpe- 
TapeM U.K Kn A3ep6afl!i>KaHa, oh npe^Bnaeji pacnaa CCCP h noTHXOHbKy totobhji 
A3ep6aftfl)icaH k He3aBHCKM0cra . ) 

OeBHflHO, cjioBa h mhcjih 3thx jnoaeii BOo6me He Moryr aaeKBaiHO onHCbiBaTb- 
ch b xepMHHax «npaBfla» h <uio>Kb». 3th TepMHHbi npHMeHHMbi jiMiiib k y3KOMy Kpyry 

OMeHb KOHKpeTHblX CHTyaUHft, B KOTOpblX OHH fleHCTBHTejTbHO MOrJTH JiraTb HJ1H TOBO- 

pHTb npaBfly, a He k hx aaeojioniHecKOMy MbiuuieHHio. Korna, jxo 1990-1991 rr., ana 

Kapbepbl HailO 6bU10 rOBOpHTb KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHe CJlOBa, OHH He TOJIbKO HX TOBOpH- 

jih, ho b KaKOH-TO CTeneHH TaK h flyManH, n6o jwi ycneuiHOH Kapbepw HptHa onpe- 
AejieHHafl cTeneHb conracoBaHHOcTH cjiob h Mbianeft. A Korna aro nepecTajio 6biTb 
BbiroziHOj ohh 6e3 oco6oro Tpyna crann h roBopHTb, a .nyMaTB HHawe. 3to He ctojibko 
C03HaTejibH0e npHcnoco6jieHHe cjiob h noBeaeHHa k ncrpeSHOCTaM Kapbepti, cKOJib- 

KO «HHCTHHKTHBHOe» JipHCnOCOSneHHe K HHM CaMOTO MbLIIlJieHHfl. 

2 B KaKoK-TO Mepe OTHOcmejibHafl cnua aHTHCOBeTCKHXflBHateHHft b pa3JiHHHbix 
pecny6jiHKax BHiiHa M3 pe3yjibTaTOB rojiocoBaHHJi wa pe<pepeHnyMe o cyab6e CCCP b 
MapTe 1991 r. 

B Ka3axcTaHe b pe<pepeHflyMe ynaciBOBa^o 88,2% H36HpaTejieft, mo 6ojibiue, 
ieM b Pocchh {75,4%} , ho MeHbiue, neM Bflpyrax ueHTpaabHO-a3HaTCKHx pecny6jin- 
Kax, b fcajftnoH H3 kotophx yiacTBOBaBiuHX 6bLno 6oJiee 90%. 3a coxpaHeHHe CCCP 
nporojioamjio 94,1% (b Pocchh - tojiwco 71,3%), npoTHB - 5% (b Pocchh - 26,4%). 
Bo Bcex ueHTpanbHO-a3HaTCKHX CTpaHax, KpoMe y36eKHCTaHa, b kotopom npOTHB 
nporojiocoBajio 5,2%, - MeHbiue 5% (npaBfla, 27.03.1991. C.l). KasaxcraH, TaKHM 
o6pa30M, no *mcny rojiocoBaBiunx nporaB coxpaHeHna CCCP h He ynacTBOBaBiuHX b 
ronocoBaHHH - no3aaH Pocchh, ho necKOJTbKO BnepeaH apyrnx uenTpajibH0-a3HaT- 

CKHX CTpaH. 

ripn 3tom couHaiibHafl noMepiKKa aHracoBeTCKoro ABHxeHHJi b 3tot nepHoa b 
Pocchh h Ka3axcraHe - cxoxaa. flo HHCJiy rojiocoBaBiunx npoTHB CCCP b Pocchh 

242 



flocTCOBeTCKiiii nojiMTHqecKHii pewHM Kasaxaana 



Bnepew - MocKBa h JleHHHrpaa, b Ka3axcTaHe - Aima-Aia, rae npoiHB coxpaHeHHJi 
Coi03a nporojiocoBano 8,4%. 

« HsBecTHas aBTo6Horpa<t>na npe3meHTa Ka3axcTaHa: H<Dap6aee H. Be3 npaBbix 
h jieBbix. M.: Monoaaa raapAHa, 1991. EcTecTBeHHo, anojioreTHiecicyio, ho 3HanH- 
Te^tHO 6o;iee o6ieicTHBHyio, qeM mojkho 6u 6bijio oxmiaTb, h HacbimeHHyio cjjaicra- 
mh 6Horpa<t»nio H.Ha3ap6aeBa Hanwcaji ero noMOWHHK EpMyxaMeT EpTbic6aeB {Ep- 
mbic6aee E. Ka3axcTaH h Ha3ap6aeB: jiomKa nepeMeH. AcxaHa: «Ejiopjia», 2001) . 

5 OrnpaMeHHHft Ha neHCHio fl. KyHaeB HHKoraa He Mor npocraTb Ha3ap6aeBy 
3Toro «y,aapa b cmiHy». TeM He MeHee Ha3ap6aeB 3aTeM ncnojib30Baji hmh nonyjiap- 
Horo KyHaeBamia CBoeft «jierHTHMH3amiH». Kor^afl. KyHaeB b 1993 r. yinep, oh h3- 
aaji yKa3 06 yBeKOBeneHHH ero naM5i™, 6mji coanan jiaxe flOM-My3eii KyHaeBa. 
B 2002 r. 6tuio opraHH30BaHO rpanwo3Hoe co6paHne no cjiynaio 90-JieTna KyHae- 
Ba. - Cm.: UlGunmaee P. Ham £nMaui // JleHHHCKaa CMeHa - 3Kcnpecc K 
12.01.2002. C.3. 

B o<pnmiajibHfa!x CTaTwix noflHepKHBanacb 6jM3ocTb Ha3ap6aeBa k KyHaeBy h a&- 
ace yrBepscaa^ocb, hto KyHaeB He im6wi jiroaeK, craBiiiHx 3aTeM npOTHBHKKaMH Ha- 
3ap6aeBa, HanpwMep C.A6^mibiiHHa, h npeaynpexmaji Ha3ap6aeBa, htoSh oh 6wji c 
hhmh noocTopo)KHefi. - Cm.: Moposoe H. R. KyHaeB - 90 Jie-r. KasaxcraHCKas ripaB- 
iia, 15.01.2002. C.I-4; Tepememco C. He Mory MojiHarb // JleHHHCKaa ciueHa - 3kc- 
npeccK, 24.10.2002. 

6 yflHBHTaibHaa cieneHb He3HaHHn pyKOBoaciBOM CCCP oGmecTB bxojuhuhx b 
Hero pecny6jMK BHAHa b tom, mto M.C. rop6aieB b cbohx MeMyapax rosopHT homh- 
HHpofiaHHH npH KyHaese «KJiaHa )Ky30B» («... paaapaaceHwe h HeaoBOJibCTBO b cbs3h c 
npeo6;iaAaHneM OflHOit H3 MecTHHHecKnx o6mHH, «iaiaHa xy30B», hmcjim MecTO»). 
KaK BcnoMHHaer TopSaneB, pemeHHe Ha3HaMKTb b Ka3axciaH hmchho pyccKoro 6u- 
jio oAo6peHO (ecjin He noflcica3aHo) KyHaeBMM, erpeMHBUjHMca npexue Bcero Heao- 
nycTHTb k anacTH Ha3ap6aeBa. ropfatee M.C. )Kn3Hb h pe<popMbi. Kh. 1. M., 1995. 
C. 497-498). JX. KyHaeB, ectecrBeHHO, BcnoMHHan coBepweHHO HHoe - hto c hhm 
hhkto He nocoBeTOBaflCfl. 

' MexaHH3M B03HHKHOBeHHA aeKa6pbCKoro BbtCTynneHna Ka3axCK0H MOJioaescn, 
HanpaejieHHoro nporaB Ha3HaieHHJi b pecny6jiHKy «Bapara» KojiGnHa, ruioxo rosec- 
reH m Majio noHareH. BnocjieacTBHH Ka3axcicne HauHOHajiMCTbi h 0(pHuna^bHaa npo- 
naraHfla craHyr BcanecKH npeyBejirnHBaib era 3HayeHne («Ka3axcKHe xieKa6pHCTbi 
pa36yannH ot CHa Hapojibi npH6amHKH, KaBKa3a, CpeitHeft A3hm... Becb mhp y3 H aji 
6naroflapaaeKa6pbCKOMy BbiciyiuieHHio... MTOHacian nac pacruia™ 3aBce 3^0flesiHHa 
HMnepHH*, -arc cjioBa BHflHoro Ka3axcKoro MCTopHKa M. Ko3bi6aeBa. - Ka3axciaH- 
cxaa ripaB.ua, 2.02.2002. C.l-2). 

R. KynaeB no3xe o6BHHnji Ha3ap6aeBa b raiiHOH opraHioauHH BbicTynneHHfi c 
uejibio HanyraTb MocKBy a BHHyiiHTbee Ha3HaHHTbero, a He Ko;i6HHa. CapyrofiCTo- 
poHbi, Ka3axcTaHCKaa onno3HUHa BnocjieacTBHH o6BMHajia Ha3ap6aeBa b opraHH3a- 
uhh noaaBJieHHa BbicTyruieHHa h penpeccHii npoTHB ero yvacTHHKOB (cm.: Epmbic6a- 
ee E. YKa3. coh. C. 139-140). Ctoht oTMeraTb, mto 3th BHeuiHe npoTHBono^oxHbie 
o6BHHeHH« Ha aejie coBepmeHHO He HCKJuoiaioT apyr apyra. 

* BoTo6pa3euero «nepexoflHofi» jickchkh cepeaHHbi 1991 r.: «...CHHTaio, ^ito ne- 
pexofl k pbtHOTHbiM oTHomeHMaM HaxoaHTCfl b nojiHOM cooTBercTBHH c TeopHefi 
MapKCH3Ma...» (Ha3ap6aeeH. floicnafl Ha njieHyMe UK Kn Ka3axciaHa // Ka3axc?aH- 

243 



flMHipviii $ypMaH 



cicaa npaana, 23.07.1991. C.l-2). 3aTeM ccbuiKH Ha Teopwo MapKCn3Ma Hciea™, h 
ysce b 1992 r. oh rOBOpwx 06 yxacax ToxajiHTapn3Ma, yronHiHocxH MapKCH3Ma h noji- 
hoh HecocToaTe^rbHOCTH ruiaHOBOfi 3kohomhkh. 

' YjKe b 1987 r. penpeccupOBaHHbie ynacxHHKH ,neKa6pbCKHx co6bixHH cowiot 
KOMHTer, a 3aTeM, b 1990 r., Ha ero ochobc - napnuo «)KejiTOKcaH» («fleKa6pb»). 
B 1990 r. C03flaiffrca HauHOHEUi-fleMOKpaxtrcecKHe napTHH «A3ax» («CBo6ojia») m 
«Amw», b Hfleo^orHH KOToporo 6hjw cunbHbie ncjiaMKCxcicne h naHTiopKHCXcioie 
3JieMeHTbi. Hapaay c 3xhmh HaunoHaji-,aeMOKpaxHHecKHMH h HauHOHanncxHiecKH- 
mh nBHxeHHHMH 6biJiH h /ipyrne, «o6me.aeMOKpaxHHecKoro», «nepecTpoeiHoro» xoji- 
Ka, TeM ne MeHee o6mkthbho Taoce HanpaBJieHHbie npoxHB coio3Horo lleHTpa h ab- 
jialomiieca lacTbio o6mefi HauHOHajibHO-aeMOKpaxMHecKOH bojihh. TaK, b (peBpa^e 
1989 r. H3BecrHbiM Ka3axcKH.w noaiOM h ny&iHUHCTOM 0. CyjieftMeHOBbiM co3flaexca 
jiBHxeHHe «HeBafla-CeMnnajiaTHHCK», HanpaaneHHoe npoxHB nonseMHbix jmepm>ix 
HcnbuaHHH Ha reppmopHH Ka3axcTaHa. (0 napxwax Ka3axcTana b nepBOH no;ioBHHe 
90-x rr. cm.: KypmoeA. TlapTHH Ka3axcTaHa h oco6eHHOCXH nojiHTHHecKoro npou.ec- 
ca b pecny6jinKe. Ka3axcTaH: pezuiHH m nepcneicrHBbi He3aBHCHMoro pa3Bnraa. M., 

1995.) 

10 Onpoc, npoBeaeHHbiH b 1994 r., noKa3an, mo b BocTOHHO-Ka3axcxaHCKOH 06- 
Jiacra 42% onpoineHHbix pyccKHX , a b CeBepo-Ka3axcxaHCKOH - 37% 6biJiH 3a npn- 
coenHHeHHe k Pocchh, a cooxseTCTBeHHO 1 1 h 16% - 3a aBTOHOMHio pyccKHX o6;iac- 
Tevi. - Cm.: Omomm M. Ka3axciaH. HenpoHJueHHbifi nyxb. M.; BauiHHtTOH, 2003. C. 

97 - 

11 HanpHMep, hx 03By4HBaji TaKOH «3ananHHK» h «jieMOKpax», Kax A. CWmK. 

H. Ha3ap6aeB roBopnx no noBoay Bbicica3WBaHHH Co6naKa b ohhom M3 cbohx HHTep- 
Bbio: «..4aBHO 3Haa CoSnaKa h ray6oKO yBaacaa ero, a HHKoraa He oxHaa^ ot Hero 3a- 
ABJieHHK no noBOfly 6biBiiiHX pocchhckwx ry6epHHH...3TO Moacex npHBecra k kpobo- 
npojiHTHKt... KoMy 3to BbiroflHO - CoGiaKy win KOMy-xo apyroMy?* - Jlio6bie norpa- 
HHHHbie npexeH3HH ceroiiKsi - 3TO HeMHHyeMoe KpoBonpojiHTHe. (HHxepBbio H. Ha- 
3ap6aeBa) // He3aBHcnMaa ra3exa, 6.05.1992. C.5. 

«Cm.: Ka3axcxaHCKaa npaaoa, 4.10.1991; 15.11.1991 h 16.J 1.1991. Xora nocjie 
cxpauiHOro 1991 r. yrpo3a pyccKoro cenapaTH3Ma, ecxecTBeHHO, ocjia6ejia, OHa ot- 
Hiojib He ncHe3Jia h b KaKOM-to Mepe OHa coxpaHaeica ao cnx nop. B Hoa6pe 1994 r., 
HanpHMep, ceMwpe<ieHCKHe Ka3aKH opraHH30Bajm MHXHHr b AjiMa-Axe c Ji03yHraMH, 
Tpe6yroiuHMH npHCoennHeHHa k Pocchh «Ha ocHOBe cbo6ojxhoto BOJieHMHaHHa 
rparoaH* (cm.: Kouoe B. HeyaaBiiiHHca Mapm k cxojiHue Ka3axciaHa // He3aBHCH- 
Man ra3exa, 22.! 1.1994). B 1999 r. Ka3axcxaHCKHe cneuoupcSbi apecxoaajm b Ycxb- 
KaMeHoropcKe ynacTHHKOB 3aroBopa bo rjiaBe c hckhm Bjimhmhpom Ka3HMHpnyKOM 
no np03BHmy «nyraMeB» c ue^bio npoB03rjiauieHnfl «PyccKOfl pecny6^HKH». Cm.: 
Komoe C. PyccKaa pecny&iiHKa b Boctohhom Ka3axcTaHe // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
24.11.1999. C.l; KoMoe C. TeppopHCTaM npe^baBJieHO o6BHHeHMe // He3aBHCHMaa 
ra3era, 26.11.1999. C. 5; flempoe A. nyraieB XX Beta // MocKOBCKHe hobocxh, 
30. 1 1 .1999. 06meH3BecTHbi maHbi 3,JlHM0H0Ba h ero «HaunoHaji-6ojibuieBHKOB». 

" Po^b -«peaKUHOHHoro nyrajia» b 3to BpeMa BbmojiHaeT BTopoti ceKpexapb U,K 
Kfl Ka3axcxaHa B. AHy^pneB, Koxopbiti na (peBpajitcKOM nueHyMe UK K1T1CC 
1990 r. roBop^: «Kxo-to aojukch, TOBapHmn, oxBenaxb 3a pa3Baji eiiHKCXBa napxHH, 
3a HfleojiorHHecKHe npoBajiu, kto-to ao^jKeH oxBe^aTb, xoBapwuiH, 3a co6bixna b 

244 



flocTCOBeTCKHH nojiHTHttecKHH pe«MM Ka3axcraHa 



BocTOHHoft EBpone, o 4eM hhkto He xonex roBopnTb». - U,ht. no: Epmbtc6aee E. Yica3. 
com. C. 293. 

14 H3 BbicTyruieHHfi Ha3ap6aeBa Ha oahom H3 coBemaHHfi b 1993 r,: «MHe roBO- 
pflT - a Bac coxpaHmi, 6mbujhx annapaTHHKOB, ho a OTBeqato, hto 3to He Taic». - He- 
3aBHCHMaH ra3eia, 4.03.1993. C.l. 

13 TaK, no flaHHHM Bcecoio3Horo onpoca, npOBeaeHHoro b 1991 r. xypHanoM 
«AHanor», 40% Bcex pecnoHneHTOB Ha3Ba™ «nojinTHKOM roaa» Ha3ap6aeBa, 36% - 
EflbUHHa, 26% - >KHpHHOBCKoro, 19% - AjiKCHMca, 18% - ropSaneBa, 13% - KpaB- 
sysa, 12 % - CoSnaica, 1 1 % - CmiaeBa h 9% - Xa36yjiaTOBa. ,D,aaee, «b XBOcre», uuih 
AKaeB, EaicaraH, TpaBKHH, LUeBapaHaa3e h flicoaneB. {Cu;. Epmucdaee E. Yica3. coi. 
C. 162). IlojiaHHbiM onpoca, npoBeaeHHoro (ponaoM «06mecTBeHHoe MHeHHe* b an- 
pejie-Mae 1991 r. b 15 ropoaax Pocchh, KneBe h AjiMa-Are, a cpean 100 «yMOB» ( b no- 
jiHTHHecKOM Jinana30He ot EoHHep ao FlpoxaHOsa), Ha BOnpoc: «OrMeTbTe pecny6aH- 
Ky, pyKOBOACTBO KOTopow BeaeT HatiSonee npoayMaHHyro, OTBeMaioiuyio HHTepecaM 
Hapoaa nojMTHKy*, Sojiee noaOBMHbi «yMOB» h TpeTb Bcex onpomeHHbix Ha3Bajrn Ka- 
3axcTaH. Poccwa 6buia Ha btopom Mecre. - Cm.: Ka3axcTaHCKas IlpaBaa, 17.08.1991. 
C.L 

16 KoraaoceHbio 1990 r. Pop6aqeB npeanaraa H.Ha3ap6aeBy nocr npeaceaaTeaa 
CoBCTa MHHHcrpOB CCCP, tot BbuiBHHyn 33BeaoMo Henp«eMJieMoe ycaoBHe cBoero 
yTBepameHHa napaaMeHTaMH scex coto3HbK pecny6jrnK. Bae«a6pe 1990 r. b HHTep- 
Bbio «IlpaBae» oh caeayiomHM o6pa30M OTBeiaeT Ha Bonpoc, KaK oh oraeccfl 6bi k 
npeanoaceHHio crarb Bnu.e-npe3naeHTOM CCCP: «Ecjw eMy (BHU,e-npe3naeHTy) crr- 

BOflHTCt! Ta pOJlb, KOTOpaa B npOeKTe H3MeHeHH5I KoHCTHTyUHH, TO 3TO — OMeptOHOH 

noMOiuHHK. fl ce6a b 3toh pojih He BH)Ky». - Epmuc6aee E. Ykaa. com. C. 159-160. 

Bot KaK runner o pojih Ha3ap6aeea b 3tot nepwoa noMoiUHHic TopSaMeBa 
F. IIIaxHa3ap0B: «MHe KaxeTca, cep&e3HbiM ynymeHHeM TopSaMeBa 6btJio to, mto oh 
He oueHHJi b aojDKHoii Mepe cnoco6HOCTeH Ha3ap6aeBa h He npwBaeK ero b KanecTBe 
oflHoro H3CBOHx6jiH»:aHiuMxcopaTHHKOB. IlpaBaa, Mwxann CepreeBMH BceraaoTHO- 
CMca k Ka3axcKOMy anaepy c appcecKOii cHMnaraeft, a nepea asrycTOBCKHMH co6w- 
thhmh Bpofle 6m peuimr npeaaoacHTb eMy nocr npeMbepa. Ybw, xaK h MHoroe apyroe, 
3tot mar 6e3HaaeatH0 3an03aaa... K HypcymaHy A6HUieBHqy npwcnyiiiMBajiMCb h 
EihUHH, h KpaBHyK, h «aBTOHOMHCTbi». - IIIaxHcaapoe f. UeHa cBo6oau. M., 1993. 
C. 233. 

17 TaK, HMeHHO Ha3ap6aes HHMUHnpoBan oceHbio 1990 r. ycraHOBJieHHe CB33efi 
Momy pecnygjiHKaMH, MHHya coH>3Hbivi Uemp. H3MeHeHHe b Ka3axcTaHe (popMyaH- 
poBKH Bonpoca Ha petJrepeHayMe o cyab6e CCCP c rop6aneBCKOH Ha Goaee «KOH(pe- 
aepaTMBHjw ( «cok)3 cyBepeHHbix rocyaapcTB») Taiose 6bino ujaroM, HanpaBaeHHbiM 
Ha ycuneHHe cbohx no3HUHfi no othouichmio k UeHTpy h oS^kthbho - na ocjia6jie- 
HHe U,eHTpa h noapbiB 3Ha^eHHH pe(t)epeHflyMa. -' Cm.: Epmbic6aee E. YKa3. coi. 
C. 164-165. 

18 B 3tom oTHomeHHH Hrpa, KOTopyK) seaeT Ha3ap6aeB c PoccMeft, oneHb noxoxa 
Ha Hipy JlyKauieHKo, h ohh b KaKo£i-TO Mepe aa>Ke KOHKypHpyiOT apyr c apyroM. 06a 
BbiABHraiOT pa3Hbie npoeicru «TecHOfi HHTerpauHH», npennoaaraiomHe, oaHaKo, Ty 
creneHb paBHonpaBtisi, KOTopyio Pocchh b othouichhhx c 6biBuiHMH pecny6jiHKaMH 
CCCP nonycTHTb He MoxeT. npoeKTW OTBepraioTcn hjm KJianyrcsi noa cyKHO, a Ha- 
3ap6aeB h JlyKauieHKo pa3BoasT pynaMH. Ho y 6oaee «npocToro» h aaxe HaHBHoro 



245 



flMHTpHii (typMaH 



JlyKameHKO 3JieMeHT caMOo6MaHa b 3toh Hrpe, HecoMKeHHO, npHcyrcTByeT 6ojibuie, 
46M y Ha3ap6aeBa. 

" Bot flpKHii npHMep 6jiecTHmeH Ha3ap6aeBCKOii Hrpbi Ha poccHftcicnx bcjihko- 
aepxaBHbix qyBCTBax, o6e30pyxnBaioiueii poccmhckhx iiojihthkob: «TTo jiorwice Bcefi 
npeaKiaymeii auttHW ... uempoM, crepacHeM CHT Moma h AOJiacHa 6buia ctatb Poc- 

CH3. HO - TOBOpiO 06 3TOM C 60J1MHHM COJKUieHHeM - B CHJiy pfl^a O&beKTHBHHX H 

cy6ieKTHBHbix npniHH He ciajia... Pdcchh HMeer caHyro 6ojibiuyio TeppHTOpmo h ca- 
Mbie 6orarbie Heapa b MMpe, b Heft jkhbct TanaHT/iHBbtft, Tpyflo^ro6nBb[H Hapoa... Ha- 
2.0 cae^aTb TaK, iToSbi OHa cTJUia uempoM npHTJUKeroifl Bceft Espa3HH b XXI Beice*. - 
Pocchji Moma 6bi CTaTb CTepxHeM conpyacecTBa, ho He ciajia. {Hm-epBbio H.Ha3ap- 
6aeBa) // He3aBncnMaa ra3eTa, 16.01. 1997. C. 1-3. 

20 BpaA^H Ha3ap6aeBa moxcho ynpeKatb b cneuwajibHOM <sBbiaaBJiHBaHHn» pyc- 
ckhx. Ho oh He Mor He paaoBaTbca nocTeneHHOMy npeBpameHHio Ka3axoB b ocuib- 
uihhctbo, n6o 3to cnoco6cTBOBajio npno6peieHHio Ka3axdaHOM 6ojibiuefi ycToiteH- 
bocto. M, ohcbhaho, CKpbiTb^Ty paaocTb He Bcema noJiynajiocb. 

MypaT Ay330B, jin6epajibHbiii onno3Hu.noHep Ha3ap6aeBy, roBopm b HmtpBbio: 
«J\o nocneflHero BpeMeHH pyccKHe cocTaBJisuiH no 40% Hamero HacejieHHfl, ceflnac 
Ha3ap6aeB b cbohx BbiCTynneHHJix He 6es nomoK no6ed»bix pejiwuu Ha3biBaeT... un<t>- 
pbi... - 39%, 33 h b nocraaHeM BbicryruieHUH 29%». - He3aBHcnMaa ra3CTa, 
8.08.1997. C.3. noaaHHbiM neperwceS 1989 h 1999 rr. yaejibHbifi Bee Ka3axoByBejw- 
mhjich c 40, 1 5 no 53, 1 %, a yaejibHbift Bee pyccKMX yMeHbuimicfi c 37,4 ao 30%. - Cm.: 
Kypmoe A. fleMOKpaTus Bbi6opoB b Ka3axcTaHe: aBTOpHTapHasi TpaHC<popMauns. M, 
2001. C. 309. 

21 Epmuc6aee E. YKa3. coh. C. 335. EpTbic6aeB npHBOflHT h TaKyio apryMeHTaumo 
pyccKoro pa6onero aenyTaTa E.EapiewKo: « fl enm-ato... ito, y3aKOHHBan h aaBaa b 
pyKH oflHOMy nejioBeKy, KaKMM 6bi xopoiiiHM oh hh 6bui, HeorpaHHMeHHyio BnacTb, He 
Hiuea AOCTaioMHO pasBHToft b Hamefi pecnySjiHice nojiwTHHecicow jcyjibtypbi h cmib- 

HblX aeMOKpaTHHeCKHX TpaflHUHK, Mb! HMeeM peEUIbHyiO B03MO)KHOCTb b 6jiH)Kaftuiee 

BpeMfi hjih <iyTb b 60Jiee otaajieHHOft nepcneKTHBe nojiyqtiTb HOBoro nHKraropa* 
(YKa3. cow. C. 336). Pa6oinH aenyraT hbho 6bui npo3opjinBee 6ojibuiHHCTBa noiw™- 

KOB-HHTejUlHreHTOB. 

22 Haace B3aaBJieHHH Ha3ap6aeBa ot 20.08. 1991 r., Koraacyiib6a TKHfl 6biJiaysce 
peuueHa, coaepjKHTca ziBycMbicjieHHOCTb, no3BOJiJiBiua3 coBepmeHHO no-pa3HOMy ero 
HCTO^KOBaTb. Ha3ap6aeB roBopHT, ito CTpaHa noaomjia k nepTe, «3a Koropoft Haciy- 
na^ nojiHbifi h OKOHHaTejibHbw pa3B£ui o6mecTBa», h hto oh KpnroKOBaji 3a aro Top- 
6aneBa, ho tot He cae^aji HHKaKHX buboaob. ( 3aecb oh - iiohth «r3KanenncT».) Tyr 
ace, onnaKO, oh tobopht, ™ Hpe3BbinaHHoe nojioxeHHe moxho 6bino oSMBHTb, 
«TOJibK0 onnpaacb Ha KOHCTHTyuHOHHbiii, npaBOBofl (pynjiaMeHT*. (3ra HacTb 3aaBne- 
HHSi aaeT B03MoatH0CTb 3aTeM ocyaHTb rKMITl.) - Cm.: Ka3axcTaHCKaJi IlpaBfla, 21. 08. 
1991. CI. 

23 KamcTaHCKaji ripaBna, 27.08. 1991. CI. 

24 3to - BbipaaceHHe Ha3ap6aeBa, KOTOpoe oh Hcnojib3yeT Bjioioiafle Ha njieHyMe 
UK Kn KamcTaHa b nxuie 1991 r. - Cm.: Ka3axcTaHcxafi IlpaBjia, 23.07.1991. 
C. 1-2. 

25 OneHb xapaKTepHO, hto rjiaBHbifi «(pyHnaMeHTajiHCT» m ctopohhhk TKHll 
B. AHycppweB 6bui caenaH cobcthhkom npe3HneHTa. 



246 



floCTCOBeTCKHM nOJIKTHieCKHH pexcHM Ka3axcT3Ha 



26 « fl b Hee ( GounapTHio. -,#<P) He Bcxynmi: c^maio, npe3naeHT aonymtH 6biTb 
CBo6ojieH ot BCflKHx nojiHTmecKHX npHCTpacxHH, xoxa MoaceT HMCTb noMepjKKy xo- 
ro una hhoto n.BmKtimn». - Epmbic6aee E. yica3. cot. C. 221 . 

27 Cm.: KypmoeA. ITapTHH KamcxaHa m oco6chhocth nojiHTHiecKoro npouecca 
b pecnytyimre. Ka3axcxaH: pea^HH h nepcneKXHBbi He3aBHCHMoro pa3BHTHa M 
1995. C. 179. ' "' 

28 Ka3axeraHCKaji ripaana, 7. 12.1991 . C.I. 

2 ? Cm.: Cok)3 mojkho 6buio coxpaHwxb. BeJiaa KHHra. rop6aHeB-<&oHfl M 1995 
C. 307. 

30 KoMoe C. Ha3ap6aeB npH3Baji noiiaepjKaTb ero KannnnaxoB // He3aBHCHMaa 
ra3eTa, 4.03.1994. C. 3. 

31 lOmxcxaHCicaa Yipmm, 1.01.1992. C.l. 

32 BnocjieacTBHH noMomroiK H.Ha3ap6aeBa aacT xaicoe oricpoBeHHoe onpeae^e- 
HHe Ha3ap6aeBCKoro pexHMa: «XapaicrepHbie nojinrniecKHe nepxbi Ha3ap6aeBCKOH 
uonsm - 3to nojiHoe flOMHHHpoBamie HcnanHHxejibHOH BjiaciH naa npencraBHxejib- 
HbiMH opraHaMH, HajiH^e KOCBeHHoro Kompojia hm CMH, HeftTpMM3auHH peajib- 
Hbix hjih noTeHuwa^bHbix ueHTpoB onno3HUHH b peraoHax, a xaiose naipoHax Han 
o6mecTBeHHbiMH o6teanHeHHAMH b o6hch Ha ny6jiHMHyK) noaaepxKy mmh aiiac- 
ra». - Jlyniue HM&Tb 6ecnoKOMHbiH napnaweHx, neia 6ecnojcoHHbie yjimibi h rwoma- 
m. (HH-repBbio. E. Eprbic6aeBa) // Ka3axcxaHCKaa IlpaBfla, 15.10. 1998. C. 4. B uejioM 
onpeaejieHHe BepHoe, ho Moxex 6bixb Hcnojib30BaHo ana xapaKTepMCTKKH 6ojibUMH- 

CTBa nOCTCOBeTCKMX pOKHMOB. 

33 BbipHCOBbreae-rcfl hobwh TpeyrojibHHK: PoccHa, Eejiopyccwa, Ka3axcTaH. {Hh- 
TepBbio H. Ha3ap6aeBa) // He3aBncnMaa ra3era, 15.1 1.1995. C. 3. 

34 Cm.: KoMOe C. Ha3ap6aeB coaaaex cboh) napTHio // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa 
26.09.1992. C.l. 

35 O BHyrpeHHeii JiorHKe pa3Bm™ poccMMCKoro nocTCOBeTCKoro peacHMa cm.: 

QypMdH M. IlOJIHXHieCKHH p«KHM nOCTCOBeTCKOii POCCMH // CBO^OflHaa MblCJlb 

2003, Ngll. 

36 Cm.: QypMciHjl. «rTepeBepHyTbiH HCTMaT»? (Or HjieojiomH nepecxpoftKH k hac- 
ojiorHH «CTpoHTe^bCTBa KanHTajiH3Ma» b Pocchh) //CBoSoiiHafl Mbicjib, 1995, Me3. 

37 B Ka3axcT3He xora 6w He 6bmo toh xccxkoh cba3h HaunoHajibHOro caMoco- 
3HaHHH c jrecno-rimecKHMH pexHMaMH, co3aaBaBuiHMH Bwimcyio PoccHftCKyio hmfk- 
pHio, Kaxaa 6boia h edb b Pocchh. 3aecb - «HaMeK» Ha JieMOKpaTHHecKHft onbir b bh- 
m «KOTeBoii iieMOKpaTHH* K33axcKHx njteMeH, HMeiomeH BHeuiHee h oxaaJieHHoe 
cxoactbo c aeMOKparaeH coBpeMeHHoro xwna, h b 3<peMepHOM o6pa30BaHHH «Anaui- 
Opabi», B03HHKiueM b nepHoa rpaacaaHCKofi bohhm b Pocchh. 

38 Cm.: fyfo&o M.H. SxHonojiHXHHecKaa CHTyaima b Ka3axciaHe b npeacxaBjie- 
HHflx ero rpaxaaH. Ka3axcxaH: pea^HH h nepcneKTHBbi H63aBHCHMoro pa3BHTHa 
M..1995.C.268. 

39 Cm.: Flonoe H., Py6u,oeA. CxajKH mhe, ktotboh cocch, h a cxaxy Te6e, ktotm... 
// He3aBHCHMaa ra3era - CoapyxecTBo, JM95 27.05.1998. C3. 

40 Cm.: JfyHaeg B. KoH<p^HicryiomHe cTpyKrypu Ka3axcxaHCKOH moucjih m«k3t- 
HHiecKOfl HHTerpauHH // UempajibHaa A3Ha h KaBKa3, 1999, N°5(6). C 14-15. 

41 3to - jiaHHbie onpocoB, npoBOflHBUiHxca b 1991-2002 rr. no HccjicaoBaxejib- 
CKOMy npoeicry AicafleMHH HayK OHraaaaHH h Pocchhckoh aKaaeMHH nayK «PejiH- 

247 



flMHTpMH OypMaH 



phsi h ueHHOCTH nocjTe naaeHHJi KOMMyHM3Ma». Pe3ynbTaTbi onpocoB o6o6meHbi b 
6oJibiuoM: KO^HiecTBe ny6j]«KauHft. Han6ojiee nojmaH Ha pyccKOM sDbiice: Crapbie 
uepKBH, HOBbie BepyiouiHe / IIoa pefl. K. KaapHavweHa h JJ.E. OypMaHa. M.: «JIeT- 
hhh caa», 2000. 

42 ripH o6cyayieHHH Ka3axcraHCKOH KOHCTHiyuHH pa3flaBanncb npejwoxeHHH 
HMeHOBaTb Ha3ap6aeBa xaHOM, niaB oSjiacrrefi - cyirraHaMH, a nnaB paBoHOB - 6eKa- 
mh. - Cm.: Ko3Jioe C. Ha3ap6aeB coweT cboio napTHio // He3aBncHMaa ra3eTa, 
26.09.1992. CI. 

*' B otjwmhc ot EjibUHHa, Haa KOTopbiM THroTejio o§BHHeHHe b pa3pymeHHH Co- 
K)3a h HHHUHHpOBaHHH pe$opM, noBJieiciiiHX 3a coSoti oSHHiuaHHe Hapoaa, H koto- 
poHy b cuny 3Toro npHXOiuwocb pwcoBaTb paayxHbie nepcneKTHBbi h oSeiuatb 6bicT- 
pbifi ncuvbeM 6JiarococT08HHSi, Ha3ap6aeB Mor 6onee npaBflHBO orwcbiBaTb noJioxte- 
H»e, b KOTopoM Ka3axcTaH OKa3anca He no ero bojic Oh aaxe flpaMaTH3Hpyer CHTya- 
uwo, pncyn KapTHHy, BbnbiBasomyio y MHTaxejTn h cjiyiuaTeM Mbtcjib, mto 6e3 «TBep- 
floft pyKH» o6ottTHCb HeB03MO)KHO. JleTOM 1991 r. oh roBopwT: «Hac xayr h HMyuiecT- 
seHKoe paccjioeHne, h fepaSoraua, h CHHxeHHe )KH3HeHHoro ypoBHa...» (Ha3ap6a- 
e«/^.floKJiaaHaFuieHyMeli,KK.nKa3axcTaHa//Ka3axcTaHCKati npa&aa, 23-07. 1991. 
C. 1-2). B HOBoro&HeM nocjiaHHH 1992 r. Ha3ap6aeBa k Hapany ecrbTaKHe ciOBa: 
«...He CKpoio, hto 6yflymnti rofl 6yaeT Mpe3BbiMaiiHo TpyaHbiM ana JHonefi b inaTepn- 
ajibHOM ruiaHe» (Ka3axcraHCKafl ripaBj.a, 1.01. 1992. C.l). B 1993 r. oh roBopm: «Ha- 
uiH Haaejimbi, mto mm noaHHMeM Maccw h ocymecTBHM npnBaTn3aunio h, pe(})opMbi 
cHH3y, HeonpaBaajiHCb, - Tenepb Hy>KHO npoBOjiHTb 3tot npouecc; cBepxy* 
(KoMoe C. Onno3HiiH5i flOJDKHa HMetb no3Munto// He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 20.02. 1993. 
C. 1). «nepBwti 3Tan phhomhux pe<J>opM... - mu era npeKpacHo npOBaamin, ...Ha, 
MaTepnajibHoe paccjioeHHe..., 6e3pa60THua, 6aHKp0TCTBa - mh ko BceMy aroMy roio- 
Bbi» (Ko3Jioe C. HypcynraH Ha3ap6aeB: XBaim KpHTHKOBaxb, KpHTweaM He Mecro b 
Hauiew KOMaHne // He3aBHCHMan ra3eTa, 4.03. 1993. C. 1). 

44 B ohhom HHTepBbK) 1993 r. Ha3ap6aeB roBopHT, mto cefiMac «Kaxmbifi aejiaeT 
to, mto xOMeT», h «noKa He yKpenmcsi HcnojiHHTejibHaa BjracTb, nejia y Hac He noft- 
ayT». - Mhcchsi, BoanoaceHHaa Ha Hac BpeMeHeM. (HHTepBbio H.A. Ha3ap6eBa) // 
Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaB,na, 28.07.1993. C. 2. 

15A. Kaacere^bflHH no3xe BcnoMHHaji: «MHe, MOJioaoMy Toraa nojwTHKy, no cy- 
th TexHOKpaxy, Ka3ajiocb, mto Bee npwJio>KHTC3 caMO co6oh... % h moh KOJinerH-pe- 
(popMaTopbi ayMajiH, mto eciiH 6yaeT plshok, to 6yaeT m aeMOKpaTHa». — KaxezeAbdm 
A. Onno3Hura cpejiHeBeKOBbio. Kohhoh; MocKBa, 2002. C. 247. 

46 H. Ha3ap6aeB roBopHT b ynoMsmyTOM bwuic HHTepBbio b Hiojie 1993 r. : «fl He 
co6Hparocb BbicTynaTb nporHB Cobctob. 3to noHsmie b HameK ayiue chjiht niy6o- 
ko». — Mhcchji, B03JioaceHHafi Ha Hac BpeMCHeM. (HHTepBbio H.A. Ha3ap6eBa) // Ka- 
3axcTaHCnaa FIpaBAa, 28.07.1993. C. 2. 

47 B <j)eBpaj]e B36yHT0Ba™ch rojrojHbie cojiAaTH CTpoft6aTOB Ha EaKKOHype, pa3- 
rpoMHBiiiHe ciuiaabi c npoaoBOJibCTBiieM h noflxeruiiie Ka3apMH. Eym - HMeji HauHo- 
HajibHbiK acneKT - 3TO Shji 6yHT cojiflaT-Ka3axoB npoTHB o^Huepos-pyccKHx. (Cm.: 
He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 27.02. 1992). Ha cjieayroiuHH roa 6yHT noBTopwicH. — JIu B. He 
noiueji Bnpox npoui^oroflHHH ypOK? // Ka3axcTaHCKaa IlpaBaa, 15.06.1993. C. 1—4. 

43 Epmbic6aee E. Yica3. com. C. 352. 
^TaMxe.C. 353-354. 



248 



nOCTCOBCTCKHH nOflMTHieCKHM pewHM Ka3axcraHa 



50 Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaBjia, 2.06.1992. C. 1-2. 

51 «fl nepewHTaji KOHCwryuHH HHorHx cipan ... h npHineji k y6exneHnro hto hh 
Kopcweea BejiHKoSpnTaH™..., hh npeameHra CIIIAh OpaHUMH H e oGjiMaroTTaKOH 
nojiHOTofi BJiacra, K a K npeaweHT Pecny6jiHKH KasaxaaH b npeaciaBJieHHOM npoeK- 
Te KOHCTHTyuHH*. {Hpuymme E. noc^eaHee cjiobo npHHaanexm Hapoay // Kasax- 
ctaHCKaa Hpasaa, 4.07.1992. C. 3). B K pn™ K e kohcthtvuhh 3a npeaocTaBJieHne 
npe3MepHOK anacTH npe3naeHTy 6btjin ejiHHbi npeflcTaBwejiH h pyccKHx h Kasaxocnx 
cnowraHHo boshhkujhx nojwTHnecKHx flBHxeHHH. TaK, fO. CrapueB, pyKOBOflHTejib 
opraHH3auHn «Eahhctbo», roBopmi: «Mm HMeeM ceroaHa Ty xe caMyio iiHKTaTypy 
KOTopaa SbiJia. npeswrem a^sterca, no cyra, nepBHM cexpeTapeM UK, h 3 to nojio- 
xeHHexoTaTysaKOHHTb, npmuiBAaFfHufi Bapwam KoHCTHTyunn». E M y btopmt npea- 
ceaaiejib «A3a T a» K. OpMaHTaeB: «ripoeKT... moxct npeBpaTHTb KasaxcTaH b nocMe- 
ujHiue*. {Kouoe C. CneuiKa c KoHCTmymiefi Kao6py He npHBeaer// He3aBMCHMaa 
Ta3eTa, 23.01. 1993. C. 3). 

v «...HauiJiH Bce-TaKH «npo6jieMy b OTHoweHHax npe3H,aeHTa m BepxoBHoro Co- 
Beia. HyBCTByrorcfl noryra nepeHec™ ayx mockobckhx 6aTawfi b A™aTbi». - Mho- 
cm, BcmoxeHHaa Ha H ac B peMe H eM (HHTepBbio H.A. Ha3ap6ae B a) // KasaxcTaHCKaa 
npaBaa, 28.07. 1993. C. 2. 

a TaK, n. Cbohk nHiueT b bto Bpe M a: «AnnapaT HbmeiiiHHx Cobctob - caMbifl 
MOUiHbiii TopM03 peifcopM... riapjiaMeHT... ocTanca bo BnepauiHeM ane*. (Ceoutc 17. 
Ec™ B^acib He CMOxceT ca M ope<popMHpoBaTbCsi, 3a sto B03bMeTca pa3pymnTejibHaa 
cthxhh yjiHUbi // Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaBjia, 17. 01. !992. C. 3). A. KaxerenuHH roso- 
pm: «fl He Bepio BTaK Ha3biBaeMbix HapcwHbix H36paHHHKOB. H36paHu jiioah ot koh- 
KpeTHbix rpynn HacejieHna h ... hx HHTepecbi h 3amHiuaioT». (Cmoxct jih cie3a npo- 
MbiujjieHHHKOB npejioTBpaTHTb B3pwB 6om6h? (Eeceaa c A.KaxereyiwiHHMM) // Ka- 
3axcTaHCKaa HpaBaa, 12.09. 1992. C.l). O C. HysaHOBe, smcnwrn b cbocm « fl eM - 
KpaTHnecKOM aHTHnapjiaMeHTapH3Me» HaH6ojiee aaneKO, cm. aaaee. 

54 CepHK A6apaxMaHOB, b to BpeMa pyjcoBoajrrejib nponpe3n.aeHTCKoro Coraa 
HapoAHoro eiiHHCTBa Ka3axcTaHa, roBopuT: «flyMajo, hto c 3-thm cocTaBOM BC ... 11a- 
jio hto moscho H3MeHHTb... BoJibiue... Tenepb B03JiaraeTca Haaeam Ha npencTaBHTe^ew 
Hcno^HHTejibHofi BJiacTH». - He3aBncnMaa ra3eTa, 9.06.1993. C.3. 

55 KenmKoecK.an T. CxBara 3a BjiacTb: Ka3axcTaHCKnfi eapHaHT// Ka3axcTaHCKaa 
npaaaa, 21.01.1993. C. 2. 

56 Cm.: Karats C. flap^aMeHT npHHHMaeT HOByro kohctht™hk) // He3aBHCHMaa 
ra3era, 27.01. 1993. C. 3. 

57 XypHa^HCTKa K. EceHOBa nHiuer: «Cettoac caMbiM t3>kkhm o6BHHeHHeM jma 
JiJo6oro 4JieHa npaBHTejibCTBa, nap^aineHTa, cjiobom, wjroBeKa, o6^aaaiomero xoTa 
6m HaMeKOM Ha BJiacTb, aejiaeTcsi o6BHHeHne b TaBnoM ( KaK npaBH^o) hjih bbhom 
x&mhiah ctarb npe3HAeHTOM». - Ecemea K. CxpeMauiHeca KHeft 6c3yMHbi, aaocTHr- 
uiHe ee nopaxeHw tockoio // RanopaMa, Ng47, aex. 1994. 

58 E. EpTbic6aeB nwiijeT, hto «xoamiH ynopHbie cjiyx«», hto nocjie pa3roHa nap- 
aaineHTa b Pocchm EabUHH npocmi Ha3ap6aeBa pa3orHaTb cboh napjiaMem, HTo6bi 
EnbuHHy He BbirjiaaeTb cjihuikom «oahhokhm». - Epmbtc6aee £. YKa3. coh. C. 355 

« Ka3axcTaHCKaa npasaa, 18.11.1993. C. 1. 

60 CoBMemeHHe nojiHOMOHHfi aenyTaTOB c pa6oToii b HcnojTHHTejibHOfi BJiacrH 

npOTMBOpeHHJlO KOHCTHTyUHH, HO BepXOBHblH COBeT He npOTCCTOBail, COmaCHBllJHCb 

249 



flMHTpHii OypMaK 



c BbiroflHWM flenyTarcKOMy KOpnycy HapymeHHeM TOJibKO hto npHHsrrofi KOHCTmy- 
uhh. - Cm.: Hedomapee A. PyKOB&acTBy Ka3axcTaHa ochobhoh 3aKOH He nwcaH. - 
http://www.eurasia .org.ru/200 1 1 /free/08_30_Konstitution. htm 

61 FiiaBHbiM opraHH3aTopoM 3TOH o6pa6oTKH 6uji aKHM (M3p) AjiMa-Arbi 3. Hyp- 
KajiHJioB. JJenyraTOB npHrjiama™ b Mapnio h BbiHyxaajw nwcaTb 3asiBJieHHH (cm.: Ep- 
muc6aee E. YK33. coh. C. 368). Ceftnac 3. HypKaanrcoB nepeuieji b xecrKyio AeMOKpa- 
THHecKyio onno3HUHio Ha3ap6aeBy h rOBOpm: «... pa3 a jieMOKpaTHio y6nn b 93-h ro- 
fly, 3mim, MHe ee h Haao BOCCTaHaanHBaTb* {JtamicoeJl. rioneMy yccypHHCKHfl THrp 
pbiqMT Asa pa3a b roa? // Assandi-Times, 16.07.2004. C. 1). 

62 JHyeaHoe C. fl jiyMaio, mto HCTOpHnecKaji uejiecoo5pa3HOCTb He noBpeaHTiieMO- 
KpatHH // Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaaoa,' 25.1 1.1993. C.2. Pocchh aBiop mtuier: ^..Poc- 
chh noJiynHJia oaHoro xo3anHa, Pocchh raacejio, ho ohs nepecTajia TorrraTbcs Ha Me- 
ctc Pocchji nouura Bnepen». C. ^yBaHOBy oTBenaeT E. EpTbtc6aeB: «Ecjih cefinac 6e3 
TeHH CMymeHHa yrBepamaioT, hto «aeMOKpaTHJi MeuiaeT peqbopMaM*, to Mepe3 nojiro- 
Jia 6yayT roBopHTb, hto "Hapoa MeuiaeT peipopMaM"* {Epmucdaee £. Eme pa3 oaeMO- 
KpaiHH, «HCTopMMecKOM uejiecoo6pa3HocTH» h Bbi6opax // Ka3axcraHCKaa IlpaBjia, 
1.12.1993. C. 2). C. HyBaHOB 3aTeM CTaji pe3KHM kphthkom Ha3ap6aeBCKoro pextHMa 
h 0Ka3ajica B TKipbMe, a E. EpTbic6aeB, HaoOopoT, CTaji coBeTHHKOM npe3HaeHTa. 

* 3 Kovioe C. Ha3ap6aeB npH3Ban noanepxaTb ero KaHawaaTOB // He3aBHCHMasi 
ra3eTa, 4.03.1994. C. 3. 

M Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaBaa, 21.01.1994. C. 1. 

M H3 900 KaHnmaTOB 6oj?ee 200, ecTecrBeHHO, npeacae Bcero onno3nuHOHHbix, 
HeebiJiHjionymeHbiKperHCTpauHHtcM.i^moff^. napTHH Ka3axcTaHaHOco6eHHO- 
cth noJWTHiecKoro npouecca B pecnyo\nHKe // Ka3axcTaH: peanHH h nepcneKTHBbi 
He3aBHCHMoro pa3Bnraa. M., 1995. C. 169). B hx hhcjio nonaaH h C.flyBaHOB h E. Ep- 
Tbic6aeB. 

66 K03A06 C. UMK oSbhhhiot b npeflB3ATOCTH // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 1 1.02. 
1994. C. 3. 

* 7 Cm.: Kouoe C. Mto xe cocrosiJiocb b pecny6jiHKe? // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
10.03. 1 994. C. 1 , 3; Ha&nKwaTejm CBCE 6mjih cy6teKTHBHbi // He3aBMCHMaa ra3eTa, 
15.03. 1994. C. 3. 

68 Cm.: KoMoe C. Hobwh BepxoBHbiH CoBeT co6pa^ca Ha nepByio ceccmo // He- 
3aBHCHMaa mexa, 21.04. 1994. C. 3. 

w «K.oraa Ham napjiaMem caMopacnycrajicji, HaiiiH H36HpaTejiH (Tax!) cra3aJiH: 
Ha3ap6aes KapMaHHbift napJiaMeHT ce6e caejian. KaK BbtacHmiocb - He KapMaHHbiH 
Bee ace. 3to y>Ke xopouio... fleMOKparaHecKH H36paHHbiii napJiaMeHT, b kotopom ce- 
roaHsi ^aKTHsecKH npeacTaBJieHbi ... see nojiHTHHeciaie chjiu». - He Haao HCKaTb to- 
ro, Hero Hex. (HHTepBbio H. Ha3ap6aeBa) // He3aBHCHMaa ra3CTa, 11.06. 1994. C. 1, 3. 
70 TeM He MeHee Ha3ap6aeB, b 3HaHHTejibHoti Mepe, omcbhaho, noapaiKaa EabUH- 
Hy, nuTajica ero ncnoflb30BaTb. «Crpau]HO... hto cerojiHH crapwe KOMMyHHCTHHecKHe 
jiHflepw BHOBb noAHHMaroT rojiOBy... M hh Hauia nenaTb, hh aeMOKpaTimecKHe chjih 
He 3aMeHaioT 3Toro». (BucTynjieHHe H.A. Ha3ap6aeBa Ha ceMHHape-coBemaHHH tji&b 
ropoacKHX h pailOHHbix aflMHHHCTpauHfl // Ka3axcTaHCKaa flpaBaa, 11.04.1992. 
C. 2). Hh nenaTb, hh «aeMOKpaTHnecKHe chjih», hh caM Ha3ap6aes He 3aMeHajin ko- 
MH3Ma 3toh $pa3bi b ycTax 6biBii]ero npoqbeccMOHajibHoro napTpa6oTHHKa h nepBoro 
cexpeTapa UK. 

250 



nocTCOBeTC KHti nojiHTHHecKHH pewHM Ka3axcraHa 

71 KaK nojiaraeT E. EpTbic6aeB, Ha3ap6aeB BHaqane xoreji cflejiaTb ra CI1K nap- 
thk> - npeeMHHuy Kn Ka3axcTaHa m cboio npovHyro onopy no mny Hapoiwofi aeMo- 
KparaiecKofi nap-run Y36eKHCTaHa. Ho to, to nojry<innocfa b y36eKncTaHe, c ero 
rpMHUHeft cpeflHeBeKOBoti aecnorHiecKOH rocyaapCTBeHHoc™, He nojrymiiocb b 
Ka3axcTaHe. CIIK c caMoro naiana noKa3ajia ce6n HeynpaBJiaeMofi, 0TKa3aBwncb Ha 
ceoeM nepBOM Cbt3n.t nprnaib npeiinaraeMoe Ha3ap6aeBHM Ha3BaHne «fleMOKpa™- 
^ecKOH napTMH Hapazworo eiiHHCTBa» h H36paB Ha3BaHHe CounajincTH4ecKO« (cm ■ 
Epmucfaee E Ytw. com. C. 220-221). Ha BrapoK cieu CnK b 1992 r. Hasap&aeB 
yace He npmueji, cKa3aB: «4to, aaonx&u Tenepb Hacte3flbi Bcex nap™fi npuxcuwrb''* 
(Epmbtcdaee E. y K a3. coy. C. 222). ITocjie nepeBopoia nemfyn 1993 r. nap™ 6ucr- 
po npeBpamaeTcn b onno3HUHOHHyio, h Ha BbiSopax 1994 r. ee KaHjiwiaTOB noa pa3- 
HbiMH npeanoraMH ne peracTpiipyioT. rioc^e Btoporo nepeBopoTa, secHoft 1995 r., 
CIIK pacKa^HBaeTcfi. Hacn, aicraBHbra couHajwcTOB bo maBe c A6amibAHHbiM bxo- 
ahtb KI1K, nacTb, bo rviaBe c E. EpTbic6aeBbiM, nepexoum Ha nponpe3HxieHTCKne no- 
3nuHH,flpyrne, KaK O.Cbohk, 3aTeM BxojiHTBpa3HbieopraHH3auHH.iin6epajibHOHon- 

n03MUHH. 

Ha3ap6aeB Bee ace co3JiaeT b 1993 r. cbok> napraro Cok>3 HapaaHoro eiWHCTBa 
Ka3axcTaHa, KOTopyio onno3HUH5i Ha3biBajia «Coio30m HOMemcmTypHoro eflHHCTBa» 
(cm.: Cymmmos Ojixqc . MoHonapnwM npHBOAHT k 6oHanapTH3My // He3aBHcn M aa 
ra3eTa, 12.02.1993. C.I— 3). Ho crpOHTejibCTBO npe3naeHTCKofi nap-run b Ka3axcTaHe, 

KaK H B POCCHH, HflCT MeATOHHO H BSUIO. DiaBHOH npHWKHOt* 3TOrO HBJIJieTCfl, 04eBHfl- 

ho, HOKe^aHHe npe3naeHT0B khk-to CB«3biBaTbce6ji napraMHOH nporpaMMOii h nap- 
thhhmm annapaTOM, c KoropbWH npmmiocb 6bi cmrraTbcsi. 

72 cocraBe hoboto napjiaMenTa cm.: Ka3axeraHCKafl rjpaB,na, 17.03.1993 C 1 
Cm. Tarace: Kypmoe A. YKa3. coh. C. 86. 

73 Hepename M. Onno3HUH3 06-beiWHsieTCJi // Ka3axc-raHCKaa IlpaBAa, 7.04. 1 994. 
C. 1; Koznoe C. Onno3nmiH o6i>eflHHMJiacb b «Pecny6jiHKy» // He3aBHCHMa5i ra3era 
2.04. 1994. C. 3. 

H Ko3Jioe C. OjropMHpOBaH TeHeBOH Ka6nHeT // He3aBncnMajr ra3eTa, 27.05. 1 994. 

75 KoMoe C. ITapjiaMeHT npHCTymui k pa6oie // He3aBncHMaa ra3eTa, 2.09. 1994. 

1( > ManosJl. Hto otbctht npe3HaeHT? // Ka3axc-raHCKaa npaaaa, 1 .06. 1994. C. 1. 
77 Mu npeiuiaraeM KOHcrpyKTHBHbitf ,nn<uior c HcnojiHrnejibHofi BJiacTbio (Hh- 
repBbio B.Po3e) // He3aBMCnMaa ra3eTa, 29.06. 1994. C. 3. 

73 B MapTe ycTb-KaMeHoropcKHti ropoacKofl MacjiHxaT BbiCTynaeT c TpeSoBaHH- 

eM Bbl60pHOCTH aKHMOB, npH3HaHHJI pyCCKOrO 5!3bIKa BTOpbIM TOCyjiapCTBeHHblM M 

pa3pemeHHJi ABofiHoro rpaamaHCTBa (Ha qeM HacTaHBina b sto BpeMa Poccwa) {Km- 
Jioe C. PeraoHbi Tpe6yioT caMocTOHTe^bHocTH // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eia, 31.03.1994. 
C. 3). B ceH-ra6pe b naarioaape npoHCxo^HT co6paHHe npeflctaBHTejieH 16 ropoaoB, 
BbicTynaiomee c aHajiormHbiMH TpeSoBaHHHMH (Kowoe C. PoccniicKne Ka3aKH Moryr 
flBHHyrbCfl b noxoa // HesaBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 3.1.1994. C. 3). B oicraSpe npowcxoziMT 
TanHCTseHHoe noxHmeHHe Ka3auKoro aTaMaHa <D. HepenaHOBa ( Koznoe C. noxoiiHo- 
My aTaMaHyynanocb6e3caTb// He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 4.11.1994. C. 3). BHoa6penojin- 
uhji pa3roH«eT Mapui Ka3aKOB b AnMa-ATe (KoMoe C. HeyaaBuiHftcs Ka3auKnii Mapui 
KCTOJiHue Ka3axctaHa// He3aBHCHMaa ra^eia, 29.11. 1994. C. 1), 

251 



flMMTpMH *ypM3H 



w Ko3Aoe C. npe3HjieHT oaoSpHJi hob>to KOHuenuwio noaemeHHn rpaamaH // He- 
3aBHCHMasi ra3eia, 1.11.1994. C. 3. 

*" Cm.: KoMoe C. Mmhhctp 3kohomhkh OTCTpaHeH ot aojdkhocth // He3aBHCH- 
Man ra3exa, 20.07. 1994. C. 3; Ctm MHHHCTpa BHyipeHHHx aeji npHiacieH k (pHHaHco- 
bhm MaxHHauMaM? // He3aBHCHMaa rasera, 3.09.1994. C. 3; Kurhum B. Mhhhctpbi - 
6e3 nopT<pejieH // Mockobckkc hobogth, 28.09. 1994. 

S! B. Po3e roBOpHr: «ripoH30ii]jia npocTO cpopMajibHan nepecTaHOBica... «JHOfleif 
npe3HfleHTa», He 6o.nee Toro». - Kowoe C. Jljo6oe npaBmejibCTBO, npoaojiacaromee 
HbiHeuiHHH Kypc, o6peneHO // He3aBnciiMasi ra3eia, 18.10.1994. C. 3. 

82 B HHTepBbio areHTCTBy «Tokho cHM6yH» b 1994 r. oh aaxe cKa3aa, mo «...npn- 
HSTafl b 1993 roay KoHCTHTywui, tckct kotopoK 6bm nonroTOBJieH ero (Ha3ap6ae- 
Ba. - ft.<t>. ) annaparoM, HapyiuaeT npaBa 58% HacejieHra (He Ka3axoB. - A.0.)». - 
Cm.: Epmbicdaee. YK33. com. C. 225. 

SJ CyjiemeHoe 0. Bee mm flera oaHHxpoflHieJiefi (MHTepBbKt) // Ka3axcTaHCKaa 
npaBfla, 18.06.1994. C.2. 

84 Bo BCHKOMCiiyiae b caMOM Hanajie pa6o?bi napnaMenxa BaaMHHHCTpau.nn npe- 
3HiieHTaflpy)KecTBeHHbiM npe3HiieHTy AenyTaiaM coBeTOBa™ He ToponHTbca yxoiiHTb 
c pa60Tbi (cm.: Kowoe C. Onno3nu.Hn o6-beflHHHJiacb b «Pecny6jiHKy» // He3aBHCn- 
Masi ra3eia, 2.04.2994. C. 3). C.TepetueHKO, yxoaa c nocia, 6pocwi anoBemyio (ppa3y: 
«K coxaneHHio, HbweuiHee pa3rpaHH-jeHHe (pyHKuwii Meamy eracTAMH MoaceT npw- 
BecTH k napajumy ncnojiHHTejibHofi BeTBH* (Kozioe C.Mu aoji>KHbi pa3B33aTb npe3n- 
aeHTy pyKH // He3aBHCMMan ra3eTa, 14.10.1994. C. 3). 

® Tlpe3MiieHT BHec B03pa»ceHHe Ha peuueHHe KoHCTmyuHOHHoro cyaa // Ka3ax- 
CTaHCKasi npaBfla, 10.03. 1995. C. 1 ; Ko3Aoe C. BjiacTb b Ka3axcTaHe 3axpoM3Jia Ha o6e 
Horn // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 14.03. 1995. C. 3. 

w «npe3naeHT ... npoaeMOHCTpHpoBEui cBoeMy Hapoay... rjiy6oKoe yBaxeHHe k 
3aKOHy». -flanuHa 0. Boicpyr napjiaMeHta, KOTOporo hct// Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaBaa, 
8.03.1995. C. 1,3. 

87 Cm.: Epmbic6aee E. Yica3. com. C. 373. B KHHre, o6pameHHoii k 3anaaHOMy hh- 
raTejiio, - "My life, my times and the future", Ha3ap6aeB numer. «HeKOTopbie .. kom- 
MeHTaTopbi pacueHMH napJiaMemcKHH KpH3HC KaK CJieaciBHe mohx nonbiTOK yew^ 
jiHTb jin4Hyio BJTacfb. Ho sro 6biJio hc jaK - a acero Jirnub nofliHKHJicsi peuieHHK) 
KoHCTHTyuHOHHoro cyfla. Heyace™ (xneaoBajio nocTynnxb Hao6opoT - 0Ka3aTb aaa- 
jieHHe Ha cyneft...? Ho bot 3to, aeficTBHTejibHO, h 6bmo 6bi nonpaHHeM aeMOKparaH 
BJiy^[i]HXTpaflHunnxTOTajiHTapH3Ma». - Cm.: EpmwcSaee E. YKa3. com. C. 375-376. 

88 ricreMy nap^aMeHT npn3HaH He^nrnTHMHbiM? // Ka3axcTaHcxaa flpaBfla, 
14.03.1995. CI. 

89 Cm.: Kouoe C. napJiaMem- He xomct yxoflHTb // HesaBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
16.03.1995. C. 2. 

w Ilocoji Ka3axcTaHa b MocKBe T. MaHcypoB Ha npecc-KOH<pepeHUHH Bbipa3mi 
yBepeHHOCTb, hto npe3HfleHT HaftjieT o6uihh si3biK c napjiaMeHTCKofi onno3HUHeH, 
nocKOJibKy yxe «pa6oTaer KOMHCCHa no TpyfloycTpofiCTBy ...nap^aMeHTapweB*. - 
MuhqcuhJI. npe3mem- c^eayeT KoHCTHTyuHH // He3aBHCHMaa ra3exa, 15.03. 1995. 

C.2. 

si M.JI. Chm OeMHflbi b noKMHyroM AOMe // Ka3axciaHCKaa npaBAa, 8.03.1995. 

C.3. 
252 



nocTConeTCKHM noflHTHiecKMM pejKHM ItaaxcTaKa 



OGuiCHeHiu caMoro 0. CyjieiiMeHOBa, hto no6ynn;io ero paan K a*bH0 H3Me- 

HWTb TO3MUHH, BbirJIflflflT KOMHqeCKH. Oh rOBOpHT, MTO I10HSIJI, HTO B 1996 T. BJiaCTb 

Me H 3Tb HutM, n6o b 3tom roay npoH3oaayT Bbi6opu b CU1A h Pocchh, h ecjiH euie 
h b KasaxcTaHe cmchhtch BJiacTb, B03Hn KH eT onacHOCTb nojiHoii iiecTa6njin3aunn h 
aaxe rpa^aHCKofl boHhh, K a K b TajwcHKHCTaHe. - Cm.: Cyjiemenoe 0. Cmui tot 
kto ayMaer o noaieacTBHsx. (OrKpbrroe nncb M o hjkhzm napraw Hapaumifi Koh- 
rpecc Ka3axcTaHa. M He tojilko) // Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaaaa, 26.04. 1995. C. 1-2. 

» «H 3 BecTH0, hto npuMep pe$epeiuyMa ... nos.au h 3 m 6paTCKnfi y 3 6eKncTaH 
noflXBaTHT jih Tenepb 3c T a<pe T y KbiprbucKa* pecny6jinKa?» {Wyea6aeea M- Ha nepe- 
KpecTKe MHeHHft 3apy6exHbix flHruioMaroB He o6xoiiHTca 6e3 peryjinpoBmnKa'> // Ka- 
aaxcTancra ITpaBiia, 27.04.1995. C.I). Sparer Kbipraacicaa pecnyo^Ka 3 cTaci>eTy 
noaxBaTWia. 

* «0 peipepeHayMe, earn necTHo CKaaaTb, a He ayMan, noKa ceccra AHK 06 stom 
He 3aroBop H jia. 29 BbicrynafomMX no*™™ 3tot Bonpoc. fl npocro nopa 3 H/ica » - 
npHiujio BpeMa nocoBeTOBaTbCJi c HapoaoM. Ka K CKaxer Hapoa, Ta K h 6y.oer {HHTep- 
Bbio H. Ha3ap6aeBa) // Ka3axcTaHCKaa flpaB^a, 14.04.1995. C. 1-2. 

Ta 4 Mm? C Ha3ap6aCB HOTaJI nQUr0T0BK y K Pe*epeH fl yMy // HesaBHCHMan ra 3 e- 

* nporecTax pyxoBoacTBa C1UA cm.: Kuhhuw B. flHKTaT AeMOKparaH // Moc- 

KOBCKHe HOBOCTH, 12. 04.1995. 

' 7 Tawi ace. 

' s JXoYj\&a. H.A. Ha 3 ap6aeBa Ha ceco™ BepxoBHoro CoBeTa PK o npoeKTe Koh- 
cTMTyuHH PK//Ka3axcTaHCKaii JlpaBaa, 2.06. 1992. C.l-2. 

"» Mhccha, BoajioaceHHaa Ha Hac BpeMeHeM. (HHTepBbro H.A. Ha3ap6eBa) // Ka- 
3axcTaHCKaa npaB.ua, 28.07.1993. C. 2. 

m Cm.: nepBbifi mar k HesaBHCHMOcra. (HHTepBbio E. AcaH6aeBa)// KasaxaaH- 
CKaa npaBiia, 7.10.1993. C 2. E.AcaH6aeB b stom HHTepBbio roBopur o tom KaKyio 
KOHCTHTyuHio xopomo 6hjio 6bi MMeTb. Oh MesTaeT o flByxnajiaraoM napnaMeme c 
ceHaTOM, H36HpaeMbiM no ma flenyraTa ot o6jiac™ KOJuierasiMH Bbi6opmnKOB, co- 
croamnMH H3aenyTaTOB Mecrabix cobctob, n P H4e M 10 nejioBeic aojixHbi Ha3HaHaTb- 
ca npeawaeHTOM, h roBopHT o HeoBxojWMoc™ npeaocTaBJieHna «KaKHx-Jin5o B03- 
MOXHocTetianfl rjiaBbi rocyaapcTBa no OKasaHHro KoppeKTHoro... bjihhhhji H a cyfle6- 
Hyio ^acTb*. 3ra xejiaeMaa KOHCTHTyuna oneHb 6jiH3 K a k toK, Koxopaa 6buia npn H a- 
Ta b 1995 r. Hcho, hto ocHOBHbie w<m hoboh KOHCTHTyiWH nporoBapHBajiHCb b 6jih- 
acaflujeM Kpyry Ha3ap6aeBa 3aao^ro no co6biTn8 KOHua 1994-1995 r. 

™ Mbl CHMTaeM H3J1HUIHHM B flaHHOM KOHTCKCTe OCTaHaBJIHBaTbCJI Ha TaKHX BO- 

npocax, KaK HenpaBbifi k aHTHKOHCTHTyunoHHbiM xapaicrep Bcex 3THXflei(CTBHH, h ro- 
BopHTbo MHoacecTBe 6e33aKOHHii, conpoBoamaBuiHX pe<pepeHayMbi. 063TOM cm ■ He- 
6omapeeA. PyxoBoacTBy KasaxcTaHa ocHOBHoft 3a K0 H He nwcaH; Kypmoe A. RmoKpa- 
thh Bbi6opoB b Ka3axcTane: aBropHTapHaa TpanccpopMauHa. M., 2001 

™ KoHCTHTyuHH CTpaH CHr h BaJiTHH. M.: IOphct 1999 C 212 

lM yKa3.coq.C216. 

IM 06HsceHHwK AcaH6aeB 3aTeM HaiHHaeT BbicrynaTb c /in6epajibHOM kphthkoK 

POKHM3 H B OSHOM HHTepBbK) OHeHb BepHO O&baCHfleT npHHHHbl ^MKBHJiaUHH BH U e- 

npesHaeHTCTBa: «HHCTHryT... 3aay M aH jma oe^erneHHa... nepexoaa anacTH h KaK oa- 

253 



flMMTpHM <DypMaH 

ho H3 npenaTCTBHPi Ha nyrH poxneHHa peacHMa jihhhoh Macro*. 3tot HHCTHxyT - He 
ana cipaH CHr. - Exenoea K. CBnaexeJiH. AjiMara, 2001. C. 17. 

us B CHr, rae, Kpoine Mcjwobm, rocnoacTBytox oflHOxnnHbie pexHMu «6e3ajib- 
TepHaTHBHfaix»'npe3HjieHTOB, Meawy nnasaMH rocyAapciB Bee BpeMa npoHCXowrr He- 
Koe «B3anMHoe o6yHCHHe». Pa3rt)H napjiaMema EjibunHbiM jibho noBJiHSJi Ha pa3roH 
napJtaMema Ha3ap6aeBbiM. B npoiweHHH nojiHOMon™ Ha pefpeperayMe Ha3ap6aeB 
naex 3a HcJiaMOM KapHMOBbiM. BnojiHe bcumcokho, hto, b cbokj onepeflb, co3naHne 
3areM Ha3ap6aeBbiM BepxHeft nsuiaxbi, nacTHHHO hm caMMM Ha3HanaeMofi, nocjiyacn- 
jio npHMepoM sun JlyicauieHKO. 

106 Cm.: Kouoe C. npeflBbi6opHast KaMnaHHs HaMajiacb // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
18.10.1995. C. 3; Ha3ap6aeB yaoBJiexBopeH pe3yjibxaxaMH bh6opob // HeMBHCHMaa 
rasexa, 8.12.1995. C. 3. 

io? BupHCOBbiBaeTCH hobhh rpeyrojibHHK: Pocchsi, EeJiopyccmi, Ka3axcraH. 
{HHTepBbK H. Ha3ap6aeBa) // HesaBHCHMaa raseia, 15.11.1995. C. 3. 

los HHHUHaTHBHaa rpynna B03HHKaeT b Map-re 1996 r. 20 anpe^n cocxoajiacb yn- 
penHTeJibHaji KOH<pepeHura, rate 6buio H36paHOTpoe conpeflceaaxejieft: neTp Cbohk, 
6biBiiiHH npeflceaaTejib AKTHMOHonojibHoro KOMHTexa, H3rHaHHbiii H3 npaBirrejibCT- 
B a A.KaacerejihUHHbiM 3a nocroaHHoe onnoHHpoBaHHe, h qhhh H3 JiwaepoB yMepmefi 
crtK, 6wbiiihR nocoJi b Kmae M. Ay330B h H3BecTHbiii yqeHbifl mgahk T. UIupMa- 
hob. - Cm.: Pocchji h MycyflbMaHCKHfi MHp, 1997, N°2. C. 86-87. 

im E. EpTbicSaeB, cxaBWHH tenepb itomoiuhhkom npe3naeHTa, roBopm o npo- 
rpaMMe «A3aMaia»: «..,IleMOKpaxn3HpoBaTb moscho h HyxHO Ha 6a3e 3<jxpeKTHBHoro 
3 K0HOMH4ecKoro pa3BHTHs... B npoTHBHOM cjiyHae fl eMOKpaTH3amin npeBpaTHTcsi B 
xaoo (TeM kto chaht HaBepxy, HeKoraapacicaHHBaTbJioflKy. (HHTepBbio E. Eprac- 
6ae B a) // KasaxcraMcm ripaBfla, 17.12.1996. C. 4). B 1993 r., 6yflynn ewe onno3H- 
UHOHepoM, E. Eprbic6aeB nojieMH3HpOBan hmchho c 3toh tohkoS 3peHna (cm. choc- 

K y93). 

"0 3to He Memae? BJiacTHM ee noTHxOHbKy npecjieaoBaxb. - Cm.: Kouoe C. Bjia- 
cth npetyieflyioT onno3MUnio // He3aBHCHMaa ra3e T a, 21.08.1996. C. 3; Ay6aicupoe E. 
Onno3nuHOHHoe flBHsceHHe AsaMaT He npmujiocb ko flBOpy // CerojiHa, 12.09.1996. 

C.3. 

in TeHnpOKypop C. lIlycTOB roBopwr. «HepeflKHMH cxa™ cjryyaH npoBeaeHHa 
3aKpbiTbix 3aceaaHHH oxfiejibHbix o6mecxBeHHbix opraHH3auHH, rue o6cyxaaioTca bo- 
npocbi aBHO KOHCTHTyuHOHHoro xapaicrepa*. - Kowoe C. rocyaapcTBO ycTaHaBJiHBa- 
ex npaBOBOti npoH3BOJi // He3aBMCHMaa ra3eTa, 17.04.1997. C. 3. 

■12 Cm.: K<moe C. Onno3HUHio BbixecHaioT c 3$Hpa // He3aBHCHMaa ra3CTa, 

26.1997. C 3. 

ii3 Cm.: Kypmos A. fleMOKpaTHa Bbi6opOB b Ka3axcxaHe: aBXOpwapHan TpaHC- 

(popMauna. M., 2001. C 175. 

ii4 Sauutee X. Haa BJiacxbio a c HapoaoM // Ka3axCTaHCKaa OpaBjia, 
29.08. 1998. - B penax caMoro Ha3ap6aeBa npoaBJiaexca mhcto MOHapxmecKoe noHH- 
MaHHe mm CBoeft BJiacxn: «Ecjih y onno3nuHH ecTb no3MUHa - 3to moxct TOJibKO pa- 
flOBaxb npe3HAeHTa. Moa uejib - hto6m y Hac 6buiM ciwbHbie onno3HUHOHHbie nap- 
thh h hto6h, cnopa Merny co6om, ohh cjiyxmiH CBoeMy Hapoay* (He3aBHcnMaa ra- 
3eTa, 20.02.1993. C.!). Hcho, mto Ha3ap6aeB bhaht b onno3HUHH He onno3Hunio ce- 

254 



floCTCOBeTCKHH npymTHTCCKH H pexuiM Ka3axcTaHa 

6e, a npHABopKbie nap™, Koxopue cnopar He c hum, a apyr c apyroM, h aaior eMv 
pa3HMe coBeTbi. 

115 ^f ™t 5 ' n ° CTr0TajlHTa P H3M B Kttaxcraiie: BospoxaeHHe AeMOKpaiHHecKHX 
ueHHocreff // Ka3axcTaH h MwpoBoe cooSmecTBo. AjiMa™, 1994 C 94 

116 Kasaxcran He xoxejt 6bi bxoahtb b mmi-jih6o c<pe'pbi win*™*. (HHTep B bK> 
K.. loKaeBa) // He3aBHCHMaa raaeTa. 18.09. 1997. C. 3. 

117 3to - cthxh no3ra A. Tax H 6aeBa. Uht. no: OcnanoeaA, Hypcy/mm HasapSa- 
eB - Bbinyicjioe 3epKajio Ka3axcKoflr fleMOKparan // CerojiHs, 31 .08. 1998. C. 2. 

il *Epmuc6aee E. HeKoropue acneKTbi npe3Hfle H TCKOH HtfHpanjiUiofi Kaiuna- 
hhk B^KasaxcraHe (oK™6pb-Ae K a6pb 1998 r.) // UempanbHaa A3M H Kashas, 1999, 

"> Typucoe K. HeKOTopbie «mucjih Bcjiyxo no noBouy onno3Hun H // KasaxcraH- 
c K aa npaBaa, 15.06.2002. 

I2 ° Ka3axcTaHCKafl npaB.ua, 5.1 1.2002. C. 3. 

121 Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaB^a, 17.10.2002. C. I. 

™ Kouoe C. CeHcauHOHHoe 3aflnneHne HypcynraHa Ha3ap6aeBa // He3aancH- 
Maara3eTa, 7.05.1996. C. 3. 

'« Po CCM MOnia 6u CTaTb CTep)KHeM caapyxecTBai H0 H£ CTajia (Mht bjo 

H. Ha3ap6aeBa) // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eia, 16.01.1997. C. 1-3. 

w Cm.: Ay6aKupoe E. Hobuh napjiaMeHT Haia* pa6oTy // Cerojuu, 1.02. 1996. 

'* KoHcmmmuHoe fO. Ka 3 axcTa H nepBbifi npeoaojieji riHK pedtopM // HesaBHCH- 
Maa ra3eTa, 6.05.1997. C. 5. 

'* Bnoc^eacTBHH npaBwejibCTBO KaaaxciaHa npn3HMo Hajwrae Taflnoro mhji- 
jmapflHoro 4)OH fl a, B03Hn K wero 3a cqei cpeacTB, nojiyMeHHbix or npoaaxw Hecjmi hux 
MecTopoxaeHHfi ( B ce caenioi TaKoro poaa 6bijin otcpyaceHbi raftHoK), o cymeciBosa- 
hhh KOToporo He 3HajiH hh nap^em, hh o6mecTBeHHocTb, KOTopbiM pacnopjixajT- 
cfl npesraeHT h kotophh pacxoaoBajica Jimub Ha 4pe3Bbi<iaftHue Hyxau BnojiHe 
bosmoxho, uro uejib xaicoro cpowta 6buia hmchho xasan h He CBaaaHHaa c jihmhum 
o6orameHHeM. Ho o<kbi«ho, hto HH K a K ofi jichoA rpaHH utmy rocyaapCTBeHHbiMH 

H JIH4HUMH npe3HaeHTCKHMH JUHH1HH B CHCTeMe, B KOTOpofi B03MOJKHU TaKHe d)OH- 
JUd, DblTb He Monno. 

'» Ctoo us oSBHHeHHK, KOTopbie npeaMBJUHcrca Ha3ap6ae B y b xojj.e Tenepem- 
hhx paccjieaoBaHHii «OTMbi B aHM W Her» Ha 3anajj.e, - to, mto 3 a o6yHeHne era aose- 
pefl b npecTHXHbix aanjumix y^ux saBeaeHHax nmmuw Hecjmwbie KOMnaHHH. 
Ho Ha3ap6aeB - npeacTaBMTejib coBeTCKofi anm-bi, jma Koropofi HopManbHbi 6ec- 
ruiaTHoe o6yqe HH e Aexefl h np M e M b npecTHXHbie saaeaeHHfl no 6jiaxy, Koraa aaxe 
HHK3KHX sbohkob He Tpe6oBajiocb, Bee flejiajiocb ca M0 co6oft. To, mo o ero acthx no- 
3a60TnnHCb, Morjio BocnpHHHMaTbcti hm He KaK B33TKa h noaKyn, a KaK hto-to ecre- 
CTBeHHoe, caMO co6oft pasyMeiomeecji. He H3 CBoeii xe aaprmaTbi ruiaTHTb 3a 06™- 
HHe aeTefi! 

'» «Ka3axreKt* boshmk b 1999 r. h, bo3mo>kho, ero cjiynaftHO cnpoBOUHpoBajrn 
caMH KasaxcxaHCKHe cneuc^yac6bi. Hma aarpaHHHHbie cneTa Sbisuiero npeMbepa 
A. KaxerejibiiHHa, ohh o6para;incb k novtomH mBeiiuapcKHX BJiacrevi. BbinojiHSH 
nopyneHHe, uiBeiiuapuH Ha T o^K H y^HCb Ha cnera caMoro Ha3ap6aeBa h ero aonepeH. 

255 



AMHTpnii fypHaH 

C^eia 6«jih «3aMopo*eHb.». {Cm.: fywee A. Hobuh cican^m co «niBefluapcKHMii 
CHvmm II HsBecTna, 26.10. 1999. C. 4). flanec mexobhk Hana* pacKpyMHEaibca. 

B anpejie 2003 r no o6BHHeHHK> b noflicyne BbicuiHxaojiiKHOCTHbix jihu l^3ax- 
crana b QUIA n P n nonbmse Bhuintrb b KawcTaH 6biJi apecrosaH GnuxaiiiiiHfi co- 
bcthhk Ha3ap6ae B a aMepHKaneu flxeftMc rwJxpeH, o6Bn H aeMbifi b nocpewmecrne 
npw nonyneHHH pyKOBoanTeMMH Kasaxcrana bsstok ot aMepHKaHCKHX KOMnaHHH 
(Assandi-Times, 4.04. 2003. C. 1). TexcT noKasaHwfi b cyae cneuareHra <PEP, Ha oc- 
HOBaHMH KOTopux 6bui nojiyneH opaep Ha apeci rn$<peHa, 6bm ony6™KOBaH Ha can- 
re Eurasia.org.ru m nepeneqaTaH b Kbiprbi3CKHX raserax (CoynacTHHKM H^ena - 
HypcyjiTaH Ha3ap6aeB h HypjiaH Eajirmi6aeB // Moss cronmB, ! 5.04.2003. C. 6; Oo- 
mecTBeHHbift petiTHHr, 10.04.2003. C. 20-21). ApecTOBaHHb.ft TutJxpeH no3*e T P e6o- 
B an CBoero ocBo6oxiieHnn ot oTBeTCTBeHHOcra 3a flany bsotok, nocKOJibKy b Kasax- 
CTa H e 3to - hc npecTymieHHe, a «MaHepa, b KOTopofi npuBHKJiH aeiicTBOBaTb H. Ha- 
3ap6ae B , H.5ajirnM6ae B h flpyrac BucoKonociaBJieHHue KasaxcTaHCKHe hhhobhhkh» 
(Assandi-Times, 9.07. 2004. C. 3). 

noaBHJiHCb h npyrae, «napaMejibHbie» pajo&iaqerow. B 2001 r. K>3CHOKopen- 
ckh* MaraaT MoK CyH Hh noraaan, hto nepman HasapSaeBy 10 mhh. aojuapoB jum 
o&iencHM yc^oBHR CBoero 6n3Heca b Kasaxciane. - MocKOBCKHe hobocth, 13. 11. 

2001. 

Korna pa3Hbie cjiyxn o TafiHbix cneTax Ha3ap6aeBa, HecMOipn Ha Bee nonbiTKH 
BJiacTefi npecenb hx, aocrar.™ rpoMaaHoro pacnpocTpaHeHHJi, npeMbep-MHHHcrp 
H TacMaraMSeTOB cnenan b napjiaMeHTe 3 aaBjreHne, wo hh co6ctBeHHOCTn, hh cne- 
tob Ha3ap6aeB 3a rpaHHuefi He HMeeT. Ho kto-to cneunaJibHO, HTo6bi onopowbero, 
caejiajr raicne cnexa Ha ero hmsi (cm.: flejioBaa Helena, 5.04.2002. C. 1). nonpyraM co- 
o6meHHAM, 6uji HaiifleH vt 3tot «kto-to» - ToraauiHHH npeMbep H.EajirnM6aeB ko- 
Topbifi flOJixeH 6yaei noxasaTb, hto bssitkh iepe3 THtptpeHa 6paji TOJibKo oh, a Imp- 
dieHy FOBopiui, hto nepeaaer nx aaroe HasapSaeBy, h hto 3to oh otkpuji cnera Ha hmh 
Ha3ap6aeBa h eroflonepeft 6e3 hx seaoMa (cm.: AStum M. flejio r H 4><peHa - BHyTpeH- 
H ee fleJio CUIA // Assandi-Times, 6.06.2003. C. 1-3). Flpouecc no aejry rwjKpeHa 
HOJivksh HanaTbcsi b OKTsi6pe 2004 r. 

129 FlpOTHBHHKH Ha3ap6aeBa yrBepucaaiOT, hto oh bxoaht b aecHTKy caMbix 6ora- 
Tbtx Jiroaefi MHpa, ho 3T0 snojtHe Moxer 6biTb npeyBWHHe H neM. - Cm.: Otuaanm M. 
Ka3axcxaH. HenpotoeHHbiH nyTb. MocKBa; BaiuHHrroH, 2003. C. 1 10. 

130 O ceMbe Ha3ap6aeBa cm.: Ka3axw c KHprwjaMH pa3Bejincb // 3xo ( A3ep6awa- 

*aH), 2.07.2002. C. 5. 

i3i KaK OTBeT Ha Bonpoc «KaKyio pojib wrpaiOT KpOBHO-poACTBeHHbie cbh3H b 
ipopMHpoBaHHH CTpyKTyp HcnojiHHTe^bHOfi BjiacTH?* onpeaeJieHHe - «nepBOCTeneH- 
H yfo» Bbi6pajiH 58,4% onpoiueHHbix KasaxcTaHueB, «He3HaHHTeJibHy[o» - 12,6%, «hh- 
KaKoft pojih* - 7,3%. -JfyHaee B. KoH^HKTyrouwe CTpyKtypu nasaxcTaHCKoK mojk- 
jih M«K3THHHecKOft HHTerpauHH // UAHK, 1999, JMs5{6). C. 16. 

B no3,0HecoBeTCKyK> anoxy 3aHHTwe BbicoKHx hoctob 6jih3KHMH poacTBCHHHKa- 
mh pyKOBoaHTe^eii cTpaHU Smjio xapaoepHO h wn Poccmh. Ho Bee see b Pocchh Bpjm 
jih 6buio B03MOJKHO, hto6h 6pat reHceKa 6fcui npeswaeHTOM AKaneMHH HayK. B Ka- 
3 axcT3He npe3HaeHTOM AH 6bi^ 6paT JJ,. KyHaeea A. KyHaeB. 

132 BaacHetiuiHe nocTbi b KaSwHeTax mhhhctpob u aflMHHHCTpan.nn npe3naeHTa 
3aHHMa^n ero poflCTBeHHHKH h roace Bbixoauu H3 HeMOJirana - A. Echmob (ero 

256 



nOCTCOBeTCKHH IKMMTHHeCKMH peWHH Ka33XCTaHa 



(pyHKUHeii 6bijio, oieBKHHO, «npwviaabiBaHHe» 3a npeMbepaMH) m H. A6biKaeB, oaHO 
BpeMa npeaceaaTenb KoMHieTa HaiiHOHMbHOH 6e3onacHoc™, 3aTeM - rjiaBa npe3n- 
jkhtckoh axtMHHMCTpauHH, a cetraac - npeaceaaTeab ceHaia, h toxe poacrBeHHHK 
npe3HaeHTa C. TypcyHOB, PoacTBeHHHK xeHbi npe3HneHTa Capu Ha3ap6aeBoft 
C. A6HuieB 6bm nepBbiM mhhmctpom 3kohomhicckhx CB33eii Ka3axcTaHa. - Cm.: 
Omomm Mapma Epiwi. Ka3axcTaH. HenpoiweHHbiH nyrb. MocKBa; BauiHHiTOH 
2003. C. 217. 

133 O pojih xy30B cm.: Macame H. Ka3axcKaa nanHTmecicaa h HHTejmeicryaabHaa 
3JiHTa: miaHOBaa npHHaaJiexHOCTb h BH>rpH3THHHecKoe conepHHqecTBo; AitpeKy- 
Aoe H. >Ky3bi b couHajibHo-nojiHTHHecKofi jkh3hm Ka3axciaHa // UempajibHas A3na 
h KaBKa3, 2000, Ne3.C. 141. 

BonpOC O POJIH TUieMeHHblX H )Ky30BbIX CBS!3eH H JIOaJIbHOCTeft - OHCHb CJIOX- 

Hbifi. ripH6^K)KeHHe HaiajibHHKOM «cbohx» - HopMa^bHaa Hepra jik>6oh MaCTHOH 
6iopoKpaTHMecKOH CTpyKTypbi. 8 Pocchh cefiiac, HanpHMep, riyrHH OKppam ce6a 
BbixoauaMH H3 IleTep6ypra. Bo3HnnaeT Bonpoc: ism 3-to npHHuwriHanbHO ouiHiaeT- 
ca ot «HeMOJiraHH3aunn»? HaBepHoe, OTJiHiwa Bee ace edb. B Kapbepax «nHrepcKHx» 
rjjaBHyio pojib, oieswiHO, wrpaer 3H3komctbo c npe3naeHTOM, BuxonueM va neiep- 
6ypra, h 3aBHCHM0CTb ot Hero b Kapbepe, ho He (paicr npnHajuie)KH0CTH k «ruieMeHn», 
KOTopbifi caM no ce6e co3aaBaji 6w cojinaapHOCTb H jioajibHOCTb. Ho Bee 3to Tpe6yeT 
aajibHeftuiero nsyieHHa. 

134 A. MauiKeBHH HrpaeT ana Ha3ap6aeBa ofeHb 6o^biuyio pojib b cosaaHHH 6na- 
ronpHsiTHoro HMHaxa Ha 3anaae. Oh - BHUHhiB eBpeKcKMH aeaTejib, rcraBa Ebpo- 
A3HaTCKoro eBpeftcKoro KOHrpecca. A. MaiuseBHH h Ha3ap6aeB opraHH30BbiBanH 
BCTpew paBBHHOB h MycyjibMaHcicoro ayxoBeHCTBa Ka3axcTaHa, o tcm aiwepHKaHCKaa 
ra3BTa «<PopBepTO rmcana: «BjiaronojiyMHaa )KH3Hb eBpeeB Ka3axcTaHa BW3Bajia uih- 
Pokhh pesoHaHc cpeaw hx coruieMeHHHKOB 3a py6e»coM... flaaeKO He b KaacaoH crpa- 
He HcnaMCKoro MHpa BepxoBHbiH MytpTHH BCTpenaeTca c maBHbiM paBBHHOM H3paw- 
m...». - HcjiaM - Hyaan3M: npopbiB Ha maBHOM HanpaaneHHH // JleHHHOcaa CMe- 
Ha - 3Kcnpecc K, 5.11 .2002. C. 3. 

135 AMpeicyjioe H. >Ky3bi b couHa^bHo-nojiHraiecKOft >kh3hh Ka3axCTaHa // UeH- 
TpajibHaa A3Ha h KaBKa3, 2000, N°3. C. 141. 

Haea AMpeKyjioBa 06 «3THH4ecKoft HejwrHTHMHOCTH» KaK (paKTope, cnocoSd- 
ByiomeM npHgjJHJKeHHio Ha3ap6aeBbiM Heica3axcKHx 6H3HecMeHOB, oieHb HHrepec- 
Ha. Bo3mo3kho, cxoxHe npn<wHbi o6t>jichjiiot h noKpoBmejibCTBO EjibUHHa eBpetf- 
ckhm ojwrapxaM. HepHOMbipaHH Mor BnymaTb EabUHHy TpeBory, Bpoae toh, koto- 
pyio BHyuia^ Ha3ap6aeBy KaxerejibaHH. 

136 Tax, nofl pa3HbiMH npejuioraMH anacTb He no3BOJiHJia M3BecTHOH Ka3axcTaH- 
ckoh KOMnaHHH «EyTa» (Ha3BaHHe - ot aeTCKoro npo3Bniua ee BJiaae^bua ByjiaTa 
ASiooBa) 3aBJiaaeTb KaparaHjiHHCKHM Mexa^iyprnHecKHM KOM6HHaTOM, nepeaaH- 
HbiM 3anaaHoK KOMnaHHH. - Cm.: Kumma B. BHTBa rwraHTOB Ha noae syaec. MH- 
6H3Hec//MocKOBCKHe hobocth, 5.07.1995; Komoe C. IlpaBHTe^bCTBO npociHTanocb 
// He3aBHCHMa« ra3eTa, 21.10.1995. C. 3. 

137 riexp Cbohk, H3BecTHbiK Ka3axcTaHCKHfi onno3HUMOHep, cjieayiomHH o6pa- 
30M xapaKtepH3yeT couHajibHyio nupaMHay Ka3axcTaHa. HaBepxy - 50 ceMefl, koto- 
pbie BJiaaeiOT Ka3axcTaHOM. Iloa hhmh - 5000 iciHeHTOB (aenyTaTH, mmhhctph h 

T. a.). FlOfl HHMH - 25000 KJIHeHTOB 3THX KMeHTOB. ElUe 500000 MMOBeK c npHJIHH- 

257 



flMHTpHH $ypM3H 



ho« saprmaraH, ociajibHbie - 6eaHHKH. (CeouK /7. Mm - KOHCTpymiBHaa onnosn- 
UHa // BpeMfl, 3 1.01. 2002. C.I 1). Ecjih b KOHue cCBercicoH 3noxn aoxoaw 10% caMbix 
6oraTMX npeBbima™ aoxoau 10% caMbix 6eAHbix Ka3axcrraHueB b 4 pa3a, to b 1998 r. 
10% caMbix 6oraTbix nojiynaaH 27% HauHOHaabHoro aoxoaa, a 10% caMbix 6eaHbix - 
2,3%, to ecTb pa3puB 6bia Soaee neM b 11 pa3 (cm.: Ojimmm Mapma Bpiuu. Ka3ax- 
CTaH. HenpotoeHHbiK nyrb. MocKBa; BauiHHiroH, 2003. C. 257). 

'38 Ay33oe Mypam. 3a Bee npn&erca oTBenaTb ( MHrepBbio) // BpeMJi, 1 1.07.2002. 

C. 12-13. 

139 C. TepeiueHKO TaK o6t>sich5ict npoHcxojKaeHHe cbohx SoraTCTB: «...3a cier 
CBH3ew, 3a cneT apy3eft. Bbm y npearaaeKra TatcoH coBeTHHK - AaeiccaHap AaeKcaHA- 

POBH4 MOCKOBHH. Oh MJI KpeflHT - MHJUIHOH flOJUiapOB.. H Mbl HaMaJlH paCKpyMH- 

BaTbCsi no npoaaxe 3epHa. fla, aa, to caMoe - Kynn-npoaait...». - BpeMsi, 22.08.2002. 

C 10-11. 

!« Cm.: BaptpojtoMeee M. «Xopouinvi, iutoxoB, 3aoH» (HyxcHoe noflMepKHyn>) // 

KapaBaH,13.06.2003.C3. 

'*' Cm.: Kouioe C. riepenpHBaTH3auH3 b KaparaHae // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 

18.11.1997. 

'« Bot 3aMenaTejibHoe MecTO H3 BbicTyrmeHHs Ha3ap6aeBa Ha o6i>eaHHeHHOM 3a- 
ccaa'HHH o6eHX nanaT napjiaMeHTa b cenrflSpe 1996 r.: «Hy, bh nOHHMaeTe. TaKMe bot 
xaocHbie nepnoflbi... npoxonmiH bcc Bee noHHMaioT, KTOceMbfi Kenyan nepBHiHbie 
jieHbra 3apa6oTajia Ha cneicyjismHH BHHHO-BoaoHHtiMH H3flejiH5iMH, Koraa b CUIA 
6wji cyxoft 3aK0H». Kohctho, 6opoTbCJi c skohomhhcckhmh npecTynaeHHSMH Haao. 
«Bor, HanpHMep, Ha 3anaae ecTb npaBO cneucjiyx6aM 3aaepamBaTb h He BbinycxaTb 
jiro&oro bo hmh bmcuihx HHTepecoB Hamm». - Kowos C. Ha3ap6aeB npeaocieperaer 
aenyraTOB// He3aBHCnMaji ra3eia, 3.09.1996. 

'« Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaBaa, 23.07.1991. C. 1-2. 

u* Onpoc b (pespajie 1996 r. 1000 pecnoHaeHTOB b ropoaax Ka3axcTaHa aaa oie- 
ayiouuHe pe3yjibTaTM. Ha Bonpoc «KeM, no BauieMy mh6hhio, 6bm paHbuie HaH6oaee 
THnHHHbiii npeacTaBwrejib KpynHoro Ka3axcTaHCKoro 6n3Heca?» 47,6% otbbthjih - 

BUCOKOnOCTaBJieHHblM 4HH0BHHKOM HJ1H napTpa60THHKOM , 15,3% - aHpeKTOpOM 

npeanpnflTHii, 12,5 % - npeacTaBHTeJieMTeHeBoii skohomhkk, 7,3% - BOpOM b 3aKO- 
hc, 2,9% - KOMcOMOJibCKHM pa6oTHHKOM, 2 - yveHbiM... Ha Bonpoc «KaKne cpeacT- 
Ba'ae'raH b ocHOBy ciapTOBoro KannTana nocTcOBercKHX «icpe30B»?» 42,4% OTBeTH- 
jih - 6aHKOBCKne KpeaHTbi, 18,6% - aeHbra poanTe/ieft, 5,2% - JiHiHbie cCepeace- 
H na. - KapaBaH, 23.02.1996. C. 2. 

'« B 3toh OTHomeHHH OHeHb HmepecHa cyah6a B. AHy<ppneBa, Sbmuiero btopo- 
ro ceKpeTapa UK Kn Ka3axciaHa, KOMMyHHCTHMecKoro «peaKimoHepa», noaaep- 
acaBuiero TKHIl. TeoperanecKH stot MejiOBeK aoaxeH 6bui 6m CTaTb nporaBHHKOM 
hobofo peacHMa. Ho bmccto 3Toro oh cTaHOBHTca oaHHM H3anpeKT0p0B KpynHeftiue- 
ro KPAMflC-6aHKa. - Cm.: Apdaee B. OcKoaKH jionHyBuuero 6aHica aoaerejiH H3 Aji- 

Ma-ATbl flO MOCKBbI M apyTHX CTOJ1HU // M3BeCTH3, 17. 10.1996. C. 5. 

'« Cm.: Xyicoe Cmmuwae. UenTpaJibHasi Ajhh - pa3BHTHe, aeTepMMHHpoBaH- 
Hoe rjio6aJiH3auHeH // UeHTpanbHaa Asua h KaBKa3. HacymHbie npo6neMbi / noa 
pea. Bopwca PyMepa. AaMaTbi, 2002. C 128. 

147 EcenmyeeAoe A. flyaaH3M b pa3BHTHH skohomhkh Ka3axcTaHa: cTpyicrypHO- 

258 



___ nocTcoBeTcKHii noflHTMHecK HM peHCHM Ka3axcraHa 

HHBecTHUHOHHbK acneicrbi ee mugtpmsamti // UeHrpMbHaa Ashji h KbcHtjfl Kan- 
Ka3. HacymHbie npo6;ieMbr / rioa pea. BopHca Pyinepa. AnMarw, 2003. C 168 

"« «...CTapaft cTO^Hua «3axaTa» He rojibKo ropaMH. Ona saxaTa cTapbrnn mmpo- 
B H 7™ ?>7 aMH »- - C HOBofi cronHiieti - b Hoeoe Tucmejieme. (HHrepebK) 
H.Ha3ap6aeBa) // He3aBHCHMaa raaeia, 9.06. 1998. C. 1-5. 

« n '*S!" J***"** CTaKH "»flI>y3MMH h BparoB H e HaAo//Assandi-Times, 
lo.Ul.2004. C. 1. 

150 Bikooictbhh boshhk™ cjiyxH, MTO Ajihji bo BpeMfl cBoeti yneSbi b CU1A 
nptopacnuiacb k H ap K o™ K aM - iparen™ mhofhx uohoQhuk ce Me ft hobmx «apnc- 
TOKparoB* (cm.: 3xo (AaepfiaftaiaH), 2. 07. 2002. C. 5). KaaaxH c KH pr H3 aMH pawe- 

i , n-T! ™l P l amBa C Ue[rf P ajlbHaa tem aonyciHJia 6pa K // Mockobckhc hobocth, 
21.07.1998. Xora b 3toh ciara Hex HHiero, Kpo H e onncaHHa co6bi™, » HeT aaxe 
Hanesa K a (carae-to HeraraBHbie ^yBcrea hjih mnoih, 3aee neperrenarKy 6bma no pe- 
meHHio cyjia-saKpbua Ha asa Mecnua aKno6HHCxaii raaeia «fl H ana30H» Ojcbhaho 
bviacrb Hcnyr^o caMO onncaHHe «xaHCKoro ciacTba*, cnocofiHoro mtsegtb 3a B Hcrb y 

ZTTmTs' ~ Cm " ycneHCK "" C ' 3anpeT Ha flBa Mecflua ll He3aBKCHMaa ra ^ 

m npHuino BpeMA BHOBb nocoBeroBaTbCM c HapoaoM. Kax eraser Hapoa ras » 
6yaeT. (HHTepBbio H. HaaapSaeBa) // KasaxcraHCKati npanaa, 6, 14.04 1995 C 1 

153 Ha 3 ap6aee H. KaaaxcraH HeroGexHO cTaHeT npouBeraiomefi crpaiioft // Maee- 
cthsi, 4. 06.1998. C. 1. 

'« Koewienco O. K hoboh 3KOHOMHMecKOH nojiHTHKe Ha ocnoBe fleMOKparasa- 
uhh nojiHTHwecKOfi pe<popMbi // KasaxciaHCKan flpaBjia, 1. 10.1998. C. 1, 3; Koxioe 
C.MoflHapoiiBbiCTpaiiajiCBo6ofly//He3aBHCHMaara3CTa, 2.10.1998 C 1-5 Heico- 
ropbie H3H6oi.ee «peTHBbie» aenyraTbi TpeSoBam aaxe bbc^m npjiMoro npe 3 H- 
jwmciraro npaaneHHA. Ho npesHaenr cicaaaji: «ABTO P HTa P H3M - 3ro nyr b b HHKyaa* 

KoewieHKO O. H.Ha3ap6aeB: «rTapjiaMeHT nocajwn « fl epeBO» Jin6epanbHoEi 
pe$opMbi» // Ka3axcxaHCKa5i rtpaBaa, 13.10.1998. C. 2. 

i« Tax, M3BecTHbiii KasaxcraHCKHH acyp H ajiHCT C. MaTaeB roBopirr b hhtcpbuo- 
«V Hac ece noBTopaeTcn noc;re Pocchh c onowHHeM b 1-2 ro fl a» {Eceuoea K Cbh- 
jierejiH. Awam, 2001. C. 224). Pea^bHO, HaooopoT, KasaxcraHCKHe ieoH«l>™mi bto- 
poft nojiOBHHbi 90-x rr. noBTopsuiHCb b Pocchh 4epe3 HecKontKo jict. 

'5' MexaHH3M oroopa y «oji H rapxoB» SoraTCTB c noMoiuuo saKOHOB, o kotophx 
anacTb pa H ee « 3 a6biBajia» H HapymeHHa kotopwx «we 3aMeH M a», a aareM, np H npostB- 
jieHHH ojiHrapxaMH onnosHUHOHHoctM, «Bcno M HHjia» h « 3 aMeTHJia», hotom 6y fl eT 
MHoroKparao npuMeHHTbca h b KasaxcTaHe, h b Pocchh. CepreB TepemeHKO ne^o- 
BeK, oneBHAHO, npocTOflyujHbiH, ra K onHcuBaer 3Ty CHTyaunio: «...Me™ Tbicavy pa 3 
npOBepjuiH... HHHero H eT, ho ecjiH 6 xotmh HamH, HamjiH 6h». - Cm.: Cygememe 
H., AuttmeaeeA; Andpeee B. KasaxcraH 90-x. npaBHie^bCTBO KaxerejiMHHa- npHBa- 
ra3auHa, KoppynuHa, Koppynuwa h 6opb6a 3a bviacTb. AjiMaTbi, 2003. C. 96. 

158 M3BecTHbifi Ka3axcTaHCKHfi onno3HUHOHHbiH hctophk h couHOJior H Maca- 
hob hhcm b 1998 r.: «B^acTH OTKpoBeHHO nepeMeHHJiH cboc OTHoiueHHe k Ha'poauia- 
lomeMCH HauHOHajibHofi 6yp)icya3HH, yBHaeB b hbh cepbesHyio cwjiy h aM6HUH0 3 HHe 
npeTe H 3HH B more HauHOHMtHaa 6yp)Kya3Ha ... y M ep;ia, H e ycnes HapoiiHTbcs» 
(Macmoe H. nojiHTHnecKas h 3K0H0MHHec K aji 3JiH T a KasaxcTaHa // UeHTpajibHaa 

259 



flMHTpHH OypMaH 



A3HH h KaBKa3, 1998, Nsl. C. 88). nocjieaHee yrBepacneHHe H. MacaHOBa, KaK noxa- 
3a™ flanbHeftuiHe co6brrna, Bee ace 6btno npeyBejimeHHeM. 

is» CoBepuieHHO hcbo3M05kho cxa3aTb, HacKOJibKO raKaa nojiHTMKa co3HaTejibHa 
h HacKonbKO 6ecco3HaieJibHa. Hcjiobck MoaceT ccmepuieHHO HCKpeHHe ayMaTb, hto 
noKpoBHTe^bCTByet cbohm poACTBeHHHKaM He noTOMy, hto ohh poflCTBeHHHKH, a no- 
TOMy, hto mK yac nonyMHJiocb», hto poflcreeHHHKH y Hero - omchb yMHbie h tojiko- 

t6o H. MacaHOB paccxa3biBaeT 06 oneHb noKa3aTejibHOM 3nn30ne - KaK b 1994 r. 
aKaneMHKH, b ochobhom npeflcraBHTejiM CpeaHero xy3a, He flanH Ha3ap6aeBy cjie- 
jiaTb npe3meHTOM AKaaeMHH HayK era BbWBuaceHua H3 CTapuiero )Ky3a {Macame H. 
Ka3axcKaa nojinTnnecKaji h HHrejuieKTyanbHan ajiHTa: KJiaHOBaa npHHamieacHOCTb h 
BHyTpn3THH4ecKoe conepHHnecTBO. C. 55). Bot apyroft npHMep. B Ka3axcTaHCKne ra- 
3era nonan cnwcoK KawuiflaTOB b Ka3axcKyio zxanzmtio o6pa30BaHHa, caejiaHHbift 
ee npe3HfleHTOM juw CBoero noJib30BaHHH. B 3tom cnwcKe - rpa<t>a o xyae. H3 19 KaH- 
flunaTOB npeacraBHTejiefl Cpejwero xysa - 9, Mjiaaiuero - 7, CTapuiero - 3. XypHa- 
jihct, coo6maiowHfl 06 3tom crmcKe, nHuiet: «£oraaaHTecb, H3 KaKoro xy3a npe3n- 
neHT» (Kovioe C. KasaxmH - KJiaHOBoe rocyaapcTBO // He3aBHCHMaa ra3era, 

1. 07.1999. C. 5). 

it' Cm.: Ko3jiq8 C. AjiMa-ATa nojiyHHJia Bajiro™ ropa3flO MeHbiue, ieM efl Sbuio 
o6emaHO // He3aBncHMaa ra3CTa, 8.02.1994. C. 3. 

i« fleHTCJibHOCTH A. KaxerejibAHKa nocBaiueHa KHHra: CyjieuMeme K, AmuMda- 
ee M-, AHdpeee B. Ka3axcraH 90-x. npaBHTejibcreo KaxerejimHHa-. npHBaTH3auna, 
KoppynuHfl, KoppynuHS h 6opb6a 3a BJTacTb. AjiMara, 2003. KHHra oneHb HH<i>opMa- 

TKBHafl, XOTJl, HeCOMHeHHO, HaflHCaHa no 3aK33y npe3HfleHTCKOH aflMHHHCTpaUHH c 

uejibio pa3o6^iaiHTb KaxerejihanHa KaK KoppynuwoHepa. 

i" TlpeacTaBJiaJi ero napJiaiueHTy, Ha3ap6aeB CKa3aji, mo KaxcerejibflHH «noKa3aji 
ce6a qoiOBeicoM pbiHOHHbiM*. - Cymmenoe K, Awm6aee £., AHdpeee B. Ka3axcTaH 
90-x. ripaBMTejibCTBO KaacereJibAHHa: npHBa™3aunsi, Koppynima, Koppyniwa h 
6opb6a 3a BJiacTb. AjmaTbi, 2003. C. 48. 

164 BuoK-ymoeuH B. CaJiflM, HHBecTopu // H3BecTMa, 3.07. 1997. C. 4. 

i*5 «Oh CBepwyJi BayiepHyio npHBaTH3aunro, KOTopaa acwDKHa 6biJia cTaTb 
«TpaMnJiHHOM B kocmoo ana HauHOHanbHoK 6yp>icya3HH, h nepeBeji cTpejiKH nptiBa- 
TH3aiwn b c$epy npHBJieieHHa HHOCTpaHHbix hhbccthuhh*. - Maarnoe H. IIojihth- 
necKaa h 3K0H0MHHecicaH aJima Ka3axcTaHa // UenrpajibHas A3HA h KaBKa3, 1998, 

Nel.C.86. 

166 3a HecKOJibKOflHefiflOOTCTaBKH npeMbepa,Koraa6binooMeBHAHO, <rroAHnero 
npaBHTenbCTBa coHTeHbi, conpeiicejiaTejiH onno3nunoHHoro ABH»ceHna «A3aMar» 
n. Cbohk, M. Ay330B h T. A6mibCHHTOB o6paTHJiHCb k Ha3ap6aeBy c oTKpbiibiM 
nHCbMOM,B kotopom KaxereJibflHHa pyraim Ha <ieM cbct ctoht («Ha bhcokom nocry 
pyKOBOiWTeJia npaBHTejibCTBa y rocnonHHa Kaxere^bflHHa b noJiHOft Mepe npoaBH- 
JiHCb irpncymne einy KanecTBa MCJiKoro BoposaTOro jiaBOHHHKa* h T.a.). rincbMo 3a- 
KamnHKiiiocb cjiobhuk: «Mbi o6patuaeMca k BaM... c o6mecTBeHHHM xoaaraKcTBOM 
06 ocBo6o)KfleHHK rocnoAHHa Ka*:erejibflHHa ot o6a3aHHOcTeff npeMbep-MHHHcrpa 
. . . h npOBeaeHHH o6teKTHBHoro paccjieaoBaHHa ero aeHTejibHOcra, BKJiiOHan B03MOX- 
Hbie 3JioynoTpe6;ieHHfl, jihhh>to Kopuctb h npeBHiueHHe Bflac™». {Cyjiemenoa H., 
Auim6aeeA., Andpeee B. KasaxmH 90-x. npaBHtejibCTBO KaxerejibflHHa: npHBara- 

260 



noacoaeTCKHw nojiMTHHecKMii pewHM KajaxaaHa 



3auHH, KoppynuHs, Koppynuns h 6opb6a 3a BJiacxb. ArtMaTbi, 2003. C. 197-198). 
OneHb ckopo noflrracaBiune nncbMO OKaxyrca b oahom nojiHTHiecKOM 6jioKe c Ka- 
jKere^MHHMM. 

167 Apdaee B. Ka3axcraH mojkct crraTb «ueHTp£uibH0a3HaTCKHM 6apcoM» // H3Bec- 
tmh, 16.10.1997. C. 3. 

163 T. iKaKHJiHOB, no3xe CTaBiiiHfl jmaepoM h chmbojiom fleMOKpaTHnecKofi on- 
no3HUHH, aToraa - JiroSHMeu H.Ha3ap6aeBa, tobopht b HHTepBbio npo npaBHTe*bcr- 
bo KaacerejibflHHa (nocjie ero OTCTaBKH) : «Oho cocpeaoTOTHJio b cbohx pyicax bcio 
anacTb, nojiaansuio HHHunaTHBy Ha Meciax, no,n6Hpa*o Kaupbi no npHHunnyjimHOfi 
npeaaHHOcra*. - jKaKunme £ fljra mchs aoporn noHjmia «rojit, Hecrb, coBecw. 
(HHiepBbio) // Ka3axcTaHCKa5i rtpaB^a, 28.07.1998. C. 5. 

im Apdaee B. HypcyjiTan Ha3ap6aes oahhm peweHHeM iiocTKr flByx hatch // H3- 
Becraa, 11.10.1997. 

Ha3ap6aeB MBJieic H3 onwra c KaxcerejibflHHbiM ypoK. Ilocjie OTcraBKH Kaxe- 
reJibjlHHa oh CTan 6bicTpo MeHflTb npeMbepOB, He flonycicasi, hto6m ohh cjihiiikom ok- 
peruiH h «nyc™jiH kophh*. Eoih c 1991 no 1997 r. b Ka3axCTaHe cuemuiocb tojiwco 
ABa npeMbepa - Tepememco h KaxerejimHH, to c 1997 no 2003 - lerape (EanniM- 
6aeB, ToKaeB, TacMaraMSeroB h Axmctob). 

170 Cm.: Apdaee B, Ka3axcTaHCKHti npeMbep «npona^» // H3BecTHa I 10 1997 
C.l-2. 

171 TepemeHKO C. He Mory mo.™™ // JleHHHCKas ciaeHa - Sxcnpecc K 
24.10.2002. C. 1-3. 

"2 UinaK B. Octpob CTaSmibHocra // CeroAHa, 23.07. 1997. C. 3. Ciarai abho 
nposoKauHOHHaji. Mojkct 6biTb, OHa HHcrmpHpoBaHa nycraBinHMcn «bo Bee ra>KKne» 
KaxerejibflMHbiM; a Moscer 6biTb, nax& n era BparaMH. 

l7J PoMazaaoea E. A. Kaxerejibami: <sii He jiary Ha aho, KaK noflBOflHasi jiozuca* 
// Ka3axcTaHCKa3 ripaBaa, 2.07.1997. C. 2. 

174 KaxeeeJibduH A. Onno3Huwa cpeaHeBeKOBbio. JIohaoh; MocKsa, 2001 
C. 457-458. 

i" «TojibKO ecjiM B03HHK«eT yrpo3a jiH6epanbHOH MOflepHH3au,HH o6mecTBa - 
bot roraa a o6fl3aie^bHO 6yay yiacTBOBarb... Ho BOo6me-ra a npofpeccHOHajibHHH 
3KOHOMHCT, h 6oJibiiiaa noJiHTHKa MeHfl Majio BJieneT*. - Cyjiemmoe H., Aium6a- 
eefl., Andpeee B. Ka3axcTaH 90-x. IlpaBHTejibCTBO KaxerejibflHHa: npHBaTH3auHs, 
Koppynuwa, KOppynumt h 6opb6a 3a BJiacTb. AjiMaTbi, 2003. C. 191. 

176 «Ecjih M3pa Bbi6HpaioT, to oh 6y.neT CMOTpeTb Ha npcunpHHHMaTejia KaK Ha 
jiio6HMyio CBeitny b jiioShmom oropone* (Kaxeeejibdim A. Onno3HUHa cpeaHeBeKO- 
Bbio. JIouhoh; MocKBa; 2001. C. 103). KaKnpHMep npeicpacHbix pe3yjibTaroB, k koto- 

PMM npHBOAHT Bbl6opHOCTb M3pOB, KaXereJIbaHH n0CT0HHH0npHB0,HHTJly>KK0Ba. 

177 Cm.: Epmbtcdaee E. HeKOTopue acneKTbi npe3HaeHTCKoft H36HpaTejibHOfl KaM- 
naHHH b Ka3axcraHe (oicra6pb - /rexaSpb 1998 r.) // UeHTpajibHaa A3hh h KaBKa3, 
1999,N9l(2).C48. 

m KaxeeeAbduH A. Onno3nuna cpeflHeBeKOBbio. JIohhoh; MocKBa, 2001. 
C. 104-105. 

17 »TaM)Ke.C.251. 

iw «npejiaBaa pyccKHX, mm npe^aeM cbohx npejiKOB, hx Buoop h hx naMHTb. Mbi 

261 



flMHTpHii 4)ypMaH 



npeaaeM CBoe npouuioe n BpexiHM 6yjryweMy HaiuHxneTefi*. - KaaiceeeabduHA. Onno- 
3HUH3 cpejiHeBeKOBtio. JIohboh; MocKBa, 2001. C. 137. 

»' KaxerejiMHH roBopirr nojiyiuyTJi-nojiycepbe3Ho, hto Korjia pacnpaBsiTcn c 
pyccKHMH, npHMyTCJi 3a CpeaHHH h MjiaaiuHH acy3bi, m BcnoMHHaeT aweKHOT o CTa- 
pOM apMSHHHe, KOTopwfi, yMHpaa, 3aBeman: «BeperHTe eBpeeB*. - Kajtceeejibdun A. 
OnncotmHH cpejiHeBeKOBbio. JIohhoh; MocKBa, 200 1 . C. 1 38- 140. 

1S2 TleTp Cbohk tobopht: «... bch Ta aeMOKpaTHHecKaa pwTopHKa, KOTOpoft oh 
cefrcac b coBepiueHCTse BJiaiieeT, a nyMaio, He TOJibKO ot ero yMa h nparMaxH3Ma, ho 
erne hcmhoxko ot ayujH» (Eceitoea K. CBnaeTe™. AjiMaTbi, 2001 . C. 99). MopanbHbie 
npo6;ieMb[, B03HHKiune y «HHTejuinrcHTCKoro» onno3HUHOHepa Cbohiq, Bjio6aBOK 
BbirnaHHoro KaacerejibflHHbiM c MHHHcrepcicoro nocTa, np« nepexoae KaxerejibflHHa 
b aeMOKpaTHHecKyio onno3Hunio coBepmeHHO aHajiorHHHbi npo6jieMaM, bcohhkidhm 
y poccHftcKHX onno3HunoHepoB-aeMOKpaTOB b cb33h c nepexoaoM b onno3HUHio Ee- 
pe30BCKoro h XoaopKOBCKoro. flajiee Cbohk roBopm, hto KasKere^baHH - «...oahh 
n3Tex, kto noica3an, hto Haao BopoBaTb, mojkho BopoBaTb, ntu Sbicipee h Harnee, TeM 
nynuie.... Ho to, hto oh ceftaac aejiaer, 3to, 6e3ycjioBHO, nojioacHTejibHO juih Ka3ax- 
CT3Ha» (YKa3. co4. C. 101). 

183 Mesay nponuM, A04b KaxerejiwiHHa flwaHa 3aMyaceM 3a mraubaHCKHM rpa- 
$om, KOTOporo 30Byr Kapjio EaTairba. 

184 A. KaxerejibflHH tobopht b CBoeM HHrepBbio pocchhckom ra3eie «CeroflHa»: 
«rio noH«THb[M npHHHHaM a npaMO He Ha30By Tex, kto noanepacHBaeT MeHa <pHHaH- 
cobo. Mory CKa33Tb, hto sacTb Tex, kto noMoraeT aeftcTByiomeMy npe3meHTy, Ha 
bcsikhh cjiy^aii roTOBa noMOHb h mhc KpOMe tofo, ecTb h flpyrae, kto ctoht 3a hhmh. 
y oflHHX nojMTH4ecKHH HHTepec. y jipyrax - mhcto 3KOHOMHnecKHft». - Kaotcezenb- 
duH A. Onno3nuna cpeflHeBeKOBbio. JTohaoh; MocKBa, 2001. C. 431. 

i85 Ecjim cTapaTbcn Haft™ poccHiiCKHe aHajiorn pa3HHM Ka3axcTaHCKHM <}>Hry- 
paM, to E. EpTuc6aeBa mojkho conocTaBHTb c P. FlaBJiOBCKHM. Ho EpTbic6aes hhtcji- 
jiefcryanbHO 3Ha<MTejibHO HHTepecHee CBoero poccMiiCKoro aHanora, h 3a hhm He Ta- 
HeTca uuiemp CKaHaa^OB, cBa3aHHbix c n3roTOBJieHneM bcskhx cj)ajibiiiHBOK. 

is' Epmbtcdaee E. HeKOTopbie acneKTM npe3HJieHTCKOH H36npaTe;ibHOH KaMna- 
hhh b Ka3axo-aHe (0KTa6pb-aeKa6pb 1998 r.)// UempaflbHaa A3na m KaBKa3, 1999, 
M>!{2).C49. 

187 npe3naeHTbi cTpaH CHT, cTa^KHBaromneca co cxoxhmh Bbi30BaMH co CTopo- 
hh onno3Muwft h 6oawneca B03fleHCTBHa Ha hx cTpaHbi «aypHbix npHMepoB», ecTecr- 
BeHHO, CTpeMaTca noaaepxHBaTb flpyr Apyra. OrHouieHHn EjibuwHa, «pa3pyu]HTejia» 
CCCP, h Ha3ap6aeBa HMKoraa hc 6biJTH HfleajibHbiMH. TeM He MeHee Ha3ap6aeB ne- 
ptn poccHHCKHMH BbiSopaMH 1996 t. cneunanbHO Bbipa3HJi noxejiaHHe no6eiibi Ejib- 
UHHy. - KoHcmaHmumea H. BocTOVHbie bh3htu npe3naeHTa// He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
30.04. 1996. C. 1,2. 

188 KoMoe C Hcne3aiOT nojiHTHHecKHe npoTHBHHKH npe3HaeHTa // He3aBHCHMaa 
ra3eTa, 23.09. 1998; />5({oe /I. Orjiyu3HTe^bHaflno6eflacnorepeH^Hua//MocKOBCKHe 

HOBOCTH, 24.11.1998. 

!8 » 3aaBJieHHe npecc-ceKpeTapa npe3naeHTa Pecny6jiHKH Ka3axcTaH // Ka3ax- 
CTaHCKaa FlpaBaa, 7.11. 1998. C. 1. 

WTaM»ce. 

"i Cm.: BepxoBHbift cya KasaxcTana He npncjiyuiajica k npe3nj,eHTy // H3Bec™a, 

262 



flocTcoBeTCKMH no/iHTMHecKHK pewHM IfoaxaaHa 



26.1 1.1998. C. 3; IJpueoda B. HypcyaTaH Ha3ap6aeB Moxer ne BOJiHOBaTbca // H3ae- 
cthh, 1.12.1998. C. 2. 

m Zlpyrqw noTeHUKanbHbiR KaHaaaaT JiH6epajibHoH onno3HUHH, nocoji b Typ- 
uhh B. TypcaM6aeB 6bui cpowo Ha3HaneH Ha3ap6aeBbiM Bime-npeMbepOM h Ha Bpe- 
mji 06 onno3imHOHHOCTH 3a6bui. - Cm.: CyjieuMenoe H., AmuMSaeeM., Andpeee B. Ka- 
3axdaH 90-x. npaBHTeabCTBO KaxereabflHHa: npHBaTH3auns, KoppynuHsi, Koppyn- 
uhji h 6opb6a 3a BJiacib. AjiMara, 2003. C. 253. 

" 3 Bo BpeMfl oaHoro TeaeBbicTynjieHHJi oh khhyji Ba3ofi b 0CK0p6HBiuero ero 
jKypKa^HCTa B apyrotf pa3, raoce b nepeaane no TeaeBnaeHHio, aeMOHCTpnpya cboh 
CHJiy h MyxecTBO, oh pa3aaBna pyxoft CTeicnaHHufi CTaicaH, Tax hto ockojikh Bniuwcb 
Bpyxy. 

|W T. KacHMOB BbWBHHyji nporpaMMy Ha 7 jict: b 1999 r. - nOKOHHHTb c HHuie- 
rofl, 6ojie3KflMH, npecrynHOCTbio, b 2000 - nomxih ceabcicoe xo3HHctbo, 2001 -ao- 
crwqb 3xoHOMHHecKOft cTa6HJiH3auHH, 2002 - aaTb counajibHbie rapaHTMH, 2003 - 
o6ecneiHTb paaHKajibHbiti noai>eM skohomhkh, 2004 - noKOHHHTb c 6e3pa6oTnueA, 
2005 - BbiftTH Ha MHpoBofl ypOBCHb h 2006 -boKth b vhcjio pa3BHTbix cipaH. - Cm.: 
KacbiMoe T. BjiacTb Heo6xoawMO noa<JHHHTb Hapoay // He3aBHCHMast ra3era 
26.12.1998. 

KaK noaararoT KajaxcTaHCKHe noaHTOJiora, f". KacHMOB, aeiicTBHTejibHO, 6bm 
opacKpyneH* opraHH30BbiBaBiunMH BbiSopw noMOiuHKKaMH Ha3ap6aeBa aaa toix>, 
HTo5bi oh BbinojiHiw pojib Xhphhobckoi-o - OTTjiHyji na ce6a KaKyio-TO iacTb npoie- 
CTHoro 3/teicropaTa, Koropasi b rpothbhom cjiywae Moraa 6w nepetfra k 6ojiee onac- 
hmm conepHHKain. «HaKaHyHe ... bm6opob nojwTHHecKasi ^ma pecny6;iHKH npea- 
npHHaaa nonbFTKy nepeHec™ Ha Mecmyio noiBy HHCTHTyT uiyra, ncncuib30BaB npea- 
BbiSopHbiH o6pa3 T. KacHMOBa, kotophh h KpnTHKyeT, h nooaepacHBaeT npaBJimyio 
MHiy» (Mawibidaee E. IlpaBO Hapoaa Ha conpoTHBJieHHe yrHeTeHmo h onno3Hu,HOH- 
Hyro aeaTeabHOCTb b cBere TpaanmiH pyccrax h Ka3axoB // UempaabHaa A3«a h KaB- 
Ka3, 2001, N°4(16). C. 46). Ho, b orjiHqHe ot XChphhobckoto, KacbiMOBa Hcnaiib30- 
BajiH «6e3ero BeaoMaw, oh 6bicrpo Bbimeji H3-noa Kompojia h b aaabHefiuieM npHMK- 
nyji k o6[ueneMOKpaTHHecKOH onno3HUHH. 

195 Cm. 06pa3euTaK0fi arHTaiwn: TpemtHKoe Bumanuu. KaKoft npe3HaenT HyaceH 
Ka3axcTaHy h KaKOfi npe3HttCHT Ka3axcTaHa HyxeH Pocchh // He3aBHCHMaji ra3era, 
18.12.1998. CTaTba KOHnaeTcn onoBaMH: «... Hmchho c Ha3ap6aeBCKHM KaaaxctaHOM 
y nac ecTb peajibHbie nepcneKTHBbi Ha coanaHHe npOHHoro, npoiHeHiuero, no cjth 
6e3rpaHHHHoro Coro3a». 

i96 Cm.: rpiaopxH M. AabTepHaTHBHbie, ho He aeMOKpaTHnecKHe Bbi6opw // IJeH- 
TpajibHaa Asua h KaBKa3, 1999, M2(3); Adasoe P. FlpesHfleHTCKHe Bu6opb[ b Kasax- 
CTaHe: ao h nocuie // IIojihc, 1999, N°3. 

197 OflHH H3 ny6jinuHCTOB, cayxamHX peacMMy Ha3ap5aeBa, no3>Ke raK o6o6uiht 
o6mntt h ana KaMxcraHa, a sma Pocchh onur 6opb6y BLiacra c ojinrapxaMM : «Hcto- 
Pha npHBara3auHH T6M k npHMewaie^bHa, <uo y Kaacaoro ecrb... «cKeaeT b uiKa<py» - 
h HeoTbeMneMoe npaBo rocyaapciBa ... no Mepe Heo6xoaHMOCTn sth «cKejieibi» orry- 
aa H3BneKaTb». - Am\m6aee Rahmp. OanrapxHfi h aeMOKparasi // Ka3axcTaHCKan 
npaBaa, 14.11. 2003. C. 3. 

m «Okhob EBpony* A. Kaacere^baHHa ooomjiocb poaHOMy rocyaapcTBy b mm- 
aHOHbi kpobhwx. - Cm.: Ka3axciaHCKaa ripaBaa, 23.04.1999. C. 1. 

263 



flMHTpMH HtypMaH _^____ 

'» Hypneucoea L OnepeflHofi CKanaaji b PHFIK. // Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaana 
9.09. 1999. C. 1,2. 

200 Ha nepBOM Cbe3fle «OraH» napTfimieT Nel 6bi.ii BpyfeH Ha3ap6aeBy, kotopuh 
6hji ejiHHorjiacHO m6paH npeaceaaiejieM napTHH. Ho nocmibKy no KOHcraTyuHH 
npe3HfleHT He MoaceT cocrosTb b napTHH, oh tjt ace Hanncan 3aaaneHHe o npHocia- 
HOBKe cBoero tneHCTBa h nepejrane nojmoMOiHfi C. TepemeHKo. - naprun QraH 6y- 
B.CT noaaepxHBaTb npOBOZWMbie b crpaHe pe<t>opMM // KamcTaHCKaa npaBaa, 
2.03.1999. C. 1-2. 

20i Maxim B. «OraH»: 3K3aMCH Ha 3pejiocTb// Ka3axcTaHCKan npaBfla, 19.08.1999. 
C.2. 

202 B Pocchh npHMepHO b 3to xe BpeMfl taoce uneT pa6oia Haa amaHHeM npo- 
npe3HaeHTCK0H napTHH. Ho 3flecb Bee npowe h rpy6ee. EcnH b Ka3axcraHe coaaaer- 
cm nponpe3HfleHTCKas nceBaOMHoronaprafiHOCTb, b KOTOpoii etrrb h HeicoTopbie aae- 
MeHTbi MHoronaprHfiHOCTH peanbHoft - 3a TpeMfl Ka3axcraHCKHMH nponpe3HaeHT- 

CKHMH napTHSIMH CTOST pa3Hbie «KJiaHbl» 3JIHTH, OHH BCe-TaKH HMefOT KaKOe-TO co- 

UHanbHoe jihuo h Mexay hhmh 3areM B03HHKa/iK pa3HornacHa, to b Pocchh coaaaioT- 

Cfl MHCTO HHHOBHHHeCKHe H a6COJ]K)THO JlHMeHHblC JlHIia «EaHHCTBO» H 3aTeM «EflH- 

Han Pocchh*. 

203 Cm.: BopKymea 0. IlapjiaMeHTCKMe BbiSopbi b Ka3axcTaHe // 3kohomhk3 h 
nojiHTHica Pocchh h rocynapcTB 6jiHXHero 3apy6e>tcbJi. M.: MM3M0, HoaSpb 1999. 

2« KasaxcTaHCKasi TlpaBna, 12.10.1999. C. !. 

205 Ky3bMeHK0 E. Ha Kpaio nojiMranecKOH apeHbi //BpeMfl MH, 21.09.2002. C. 4. 

2M Cm.: OnwcaHHe BcrpeHH c PaxaTOM, Tpe6oBaBUJHM ana ce6n aojih b «Typan 
AJieM* 6aHKe b MeMyapax: A6an3oe M. XojioaHaa BecHa 2000 roaa // Assandi-Times, 
29.11.2002. C. 5. 

207 Cm.: Adwioe M. Hto He yiHTbiBaeT aMepHKaHCKoe npaBOcyawe // Skohomh- 
Ka.tPHHaHcw. Puhkh. /jejiOBoe o6o3peHne pecny6jiHKH, 27.09. 2002. C. 1 . 

M Bpan jih HMeer cmwcji nuTaTbca Ha ocHOBaHHH cjryxoB pacnyrbiBaTb cjiosc- 
HeHiiiHti oy6oK Ka3axcTaHCKHX npHflBopHbix hhtphp, «TafiHbi ajiMaaTHHCKO-acTa- 
hhhckoto aBopa*. Ho ana xapaKrepHCTHKH cthjijl Ka3axcxaHCKOH nojiHTHKH ctoht 
yKa3aTb, mto Mapat TaxcHH CMHTaercn 6jih3khm jrpyroM apyroro 3HT3 Ha3ap6aeBa - 
THMypa KyjiH6aeBa. - Cm.: Omomm Mapma EpuM. Ka3axcrraH. HenpofiaeHHbiH 
nyrb. MocKBa; BauiHHrTOH, 2003. C. 261. 

"9 E.Epn.ic6aeB tobopht: «Ohh noayMaaH, mto, CBaJiHB PaxaTa AjineBa, Haao 
eme nojwajKaTb, npocpHHancHpoBaTbueByio onno3HUHK>, cBH3arbCfl c aMepHKaHCKH- 
mh KOHrpeccMeHaMH, KaacerejibaHHbiM w KOMnaHHeii, ocyiuecTBHTb npflMbie 3<pHpb! 

«Cbe3flOB HeMOKpaTHMeCKOti 06lUeCTBeHHOCTH» H T.fl. h T.n. - h ecjiH He yCTpaHHTb 

npe3naeHTa, to, n3MeHHB KoHCTHiyuHio, npeBpaTHTb ero b aHnwHCKyto Kopoae- 
By». - ripaMbft nyrb - He Bceroa caMbift kopotkhh. (HHTepBbio E. EpTbic6aeBa) // 
BpeMfl, 8.08.2002. C. 12-13. 

110 FlaBJiOflapcKHM aKHMOM oh CTan b KOHue 1997 r. flo 3TOro HeaoJiroe BpeMfl oh 
6bui npeacenaTejieM AreHTCTBa no kohtpojiio 3a CTpaTeraiecKHMH pecypcaMH, a no 
3T0ro - ceMHnajiaTHHCKHM aKHMOM. Ha3ap6aeB Macra nepeMemaJi aKHMOB H3 o6;iac- 

TH B OOJiaCTb, HT06bI OHH HC CJIHU1KOM «yKOpeH5IJlHCb». 

211 Cm.: K.03AQ8 C. MJianorypKH pByrca k anacTM // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 
21 , 1 1 .2001. C. 5. Paa^HHHbie MaTepwanbi CMM, nocBameHHbie flBK h B03HHtcujeMy c 

264 



__ riocTcoBeTCKHM nojiHTH HecKHH pewm* Ka3axaaHa 

era cowhhbm nojiHTmecKOMy K pH3Hcy, co6paHbi b KHMre: KaaaxcTaH 2001-2002 
nojiHTHMecKHfi K p H3 nc. <Da K ™ h AOKyMeHTbi / Coct. C. MapKejioB h neipoB- 

CKHH. HOBOCH6HpCK, 2002. 

m «... 3to TtMKOBbie, coBeOTHBhie pe6»Ta, ho ohh xe b i^om . - naorb ot 
nao™ HbmemHeK Baacra h xex xe caMbix oa H rapxo B ». - Eeceaa c E. TypcyH6ae™ M 
/MejjoBaa Heaeaa, 25.01.2002. C. 1-2. 

2 '3 E. EpTbic6aeB BcnoMHHaeT: «5I itomhk> cue H y H a oahom h 3 6aHKe TO B b cepe- 
aHHe yo-x roaoB. npeBHaem- noaoinea k crojiy, rae cwkjih 6n3HecMe H bi (Eyjiar A6h- 
ao B , Epkhh Kaanes, Myxrap Aeaa^B h np.). Bee BcxaaM. raa B a rocyaapcTBa npo- 
HHKHOBeHHo h aoBepmeabHo c Ka3 aa hm: «Bh - Moa ropaocrb, Haaexaa h onopa» - 
8 P 8 "o^C^-O^ 6 ^ 03 """ K0P °™*- ( HHTe P BbI ° E - EpracfiacBa) // BpeMa, 

Ha3ap6aeB ropatiacji TeM, 4 TO aaer aopory MoaoabiM, vacra roBopHa 06 3tom h 
ynoMHHaji XaKHaHOBa: «CaMbiH Moaoaoii raaBa aaMHHHcrpauHH y H ac - b CeMHna- 
aaraHCKoii o6jiac™, e M y 31». (Ha3ap6aeB - HeaoaeK, pewMBuinii man. c EspaanH 
noflcHeBHHHocra.(HHTe P BbioH.Ha3ap6aeBa)//Poccra, 18-24.10 1995) Xena Ha- 
3ap6aeBa Capa ropamiacb Te M , «no yweioia *eny XCaicraHOBa - Kapawraw b ntme 
llopcfrnpHJi HBaHOBa, h b HHTepBbio Bocxmuaaacbee (pHrypoH. -flbiiutiTe otokohct- 
BHeMHJiioSoBbio. (MHTe P BbioC.Ha3ap6aeBOH)//>KyMa(nHTHHua). 20.10.1995 C 2 

B Karon-™ Mepe oTHomeHHe Ha3ap6ae B a k XaKHaHOBy moxho aaxe cpaBHHTb 
c oTHomeHHeM EiibuHHa k E. HeMuoBy, a 3aTeM k C. Knp«eHKo. 

214 T. KacuMOB TaK xapaicrepMsyeT 3tmx jaoBtfi: «... Ohh TemiiaH ce6ji MbfCJibio 

TTOaHIUIOMU npeCTH^HblXeBponeHCKHXyHHBepCHTeTOB, «aHrJIHfiCKHfl BCOBepweH- 

crae* h CBo6oflHoe uHTnpoBa H ne CTOJinoB sanattHofi TeopHH pumca nossoaaT hm ao- 
SHTbcq yenexa bo Mac™, k3 k eme HeaaBHO - b 6n3Hece... OneHb CKopo ohh oco 3H a- 
m: Bee sto 6ecnoae 3H o, ecjin H e Bjiaaeemb b cosepweHCTBe npweMaMH annapaTHofi 
oopbSbi noa kob P om». -Haxe y npa B ofl py KH 6brcaioT aeBbie a.eaa. (HmepBuo r Ka- ' 
CbiMOBa) // BpeMH, 25.04. 2002. C. 12-13. 

215 Xoa nepe M e H yxe He ocTaHOBHTb ( HHTepBbio M. Ay 3 30Ba) // SicoHOMHKa. 
(PHHaHCbi. PbiHKH.,IIejiOBoeo6o3peHHepecny6jiHKH, 19.07 2002 C 1 n5 A Koacax 
MeTOB TaK xapaKTepwsyeT KaxereabanHa, Xuaami* h A6a>i30Ba: «fl yM aio 4to no 
ypoBHto o6pa30BaHra, no ypoBHto KOMnereHiwH ...Kajrerenwum nocRObHee' Ho no 
ypOBHio HpaBCTBeHHOCTH, no cHne ayxa cwiuiee Myxrap H TajibiMxaH (MyxTap A6- 

M»B H Ta^biMJKaH >KaKH a HOB. -&0.)k ~ CTblflHO 6 M Tb 60raTbIM. ( HHTepBbK) c 

A. KojKaxMeTOBbiM) // Assandi-Times, 4.04. 2003. C. 5. 

216 Tlopa MeHHTb BcrocHcreMy. (Hm-epBbio E. EpTbic6aeBa) // BpeMa, 18.04.2002. 

217 TaM ate. 

218 3aHBJieHne o cosaaHHH flBK noanwcajiM, Hapany c M. A6an30BbiM h i~. XaKH- 
BHOBbiM, y. JXxaHRoxB, 3aMecTHTejib npeMbep-MHHHCTpa, H. Cy6xap6epaHH, npea- 
ceaaTCJib npaBjieHwa KpynHeliiijero Ka3KOMMepu6aHKa, apTHCT A. Auihmob, T. Tox- 
TacbmoB, npeaceaaxejib coBeia AHpeKTopoB ropHopyaHOH KOMnaHHH AJ1EJ1 h aeny- 
TaT, E. ASmtob, MOJioaoft MyjibTHMHJijiHOHep h aenyraT MaaauHca ot npe3HaeHTCKOfl 
napTHH «OTaH» (nocire BCTyrmeHHa b ABKoh 6bui jimuich cBoefi cppaKUHefi MaHaaia) 
)K. EpraecoBa, aaMecTHTeabMHHHCTpa o6opo H bi, A. EafiMeHOB, mhhhctp Tpyaa « co- 
UHaabHofi samnTbi HacejieHHH, r. Amphh, aaMecTirrejib ceKperapa CoBera 6e 3 onac- 

265 



ftMHTpMH Q ypMaH _____ 

hocth K KejiMM6eTOB, nepBUfi 3aMecraTe;ib MMHHCTpa <pn H aHCOB, T. AitbacaHOB, 
npearejutroib KOMHTera no hhbccthuhsim MMfl, 3. Em arrow, cchetop, H. CMary- 
jiob, npeaweHT KasnponKopnopauHH, E. TaraiueB, npenceaai^b npaajieKua OAO 

«BaHKTypaH AjieM*. 

CpejiH noiwepxaBiiiHx J1BK. - mhhhctp rocyaapcTBeHHUxfloxoaoB h pyKOBO.au- 
T^b raMOxeHHott c*yx6b. 3. Khkhmotb (o H eM cm.: Gikmhwm K. Acre™ npo- 
aojixaeT «cBame H Hyio 6o P b6y c Koppynunefo // HeaaBHCHMaa rasaa, 16.04.2003. C. 
6) 6biBiiiHH rjiaBOH aHTMMOHonojibHoro BeziOMCTBa B. Hm— eB, nocoji KasaxtraHa b 
Mockbc 6uBiuHft mhhhctp nena™ A. CapceHSaeB, Koropbifi 3astBJiaeT: «fl nomep- 
xHBaro «Ak xojt» h He cKpbtBaro, hto ee cosflajiH moh Bwuiera, apysba h enHHOMbiw- 
neHHHKH Bojiee toto, ot Bcryn/ieHna b 3ry napTHio mchsi yaepxHBaeT ^nuib jiHn.no- 
MaTHHecKan mhcchs. Ho pe6sTa SHaroi, hto n c hhmh» {Capceu6aee A. AcraHa - 
MocKBa. (HHxepBbro) // BpeMa, 7.02.2002. C. 13). no3*e oh yuieji co CBoero nocia x 

CTaJiaKTHBHbIMfle3TeJieMnapTHH«AK)KOJT». ' 

219 K3K MOJlOAbl Mbl 6_1H, K3K BepHJIK B Ce6jl... // SlCOHOMMKa. 0>HHaHCbl. PblH- 

kh flejiOBoe o5o3peHHe pecny6jiHKH, 5.07.2002. C. 1. 

"OflapHra Ha3ap6aeBa b cbocm HHTepBbK) «Mockobckhm hoboctm* tobopht oo 
a H ajiornax: «CnTyaw« noBTopaer xy, hto 6wia b Pocchh 3-4 roaa Hasan. O^rapxn, 
rpynnbi no nwrepecaM - ohh rpynrwpyiOTca BOKpyr 63hkob - Ka3KOMMepu6aHK, 
HapoaHbifi 6aHK, TypaH AjieM-6aHK... B 3 toh nojiHTHHecKOH B03He pa3Me H HOM Kap- 
tom CTajia Hama onnoMfiuu, KOTopyio wcnojibsytOT juia mama^a B»ac™» (Boctok k 
3anafl nuBaMH jKHimnw.. (HHTepsbK. c fl. Ha3ap6ae B oK) // MocKOBCKne hobocth, 
26.02.2002). Ho fl. Ha3ap6aeBa 3a6bmaeT o KaxerejiuwHe h He Moraa b 3to BpeMa 
npeaBHfleTb «6yHT» XoaopKOBCKoro. 

22i OjKHBHBUJHftcsi c cosaaHHeM flBK Ka_«r"W»iH b 3to BpeMa HSJiynaex onra- 
mh3m coBepiueHHO Bflyxe BepeaoecKoro: «Cboh namec*™* aeHb poacaeHHsi wne 
erne npwreTca BCTpenaTb 3a rpaHHuefl. Ho yxe cjieayiomHM aeHb poxaeHHa BCTpeny 
Ha ponHHe*. - Oh BepHeTCH? // BpeMfl, 27.03. 2002. C. 2). 

222 3auwTa )KaKH«HOBa. (HHTepBbio) // BpeMa, 14.03. 2002. C. 12. 

223 EpmucSaee E. flpsiMOH nyTb - He Bceraa caMbifi kopotkmh // BpeMa, 

8.08.2002. C. 12-13. ,..,„ m 

22* nopa MeHHTbBciocHCTeMy. (HHTepBbio E.EpTbic6aeBa)// BpeMa, 18.04.2002. 

225 Epewiueea ryjibxam. CicasaTb - h yMepexb // Assandi-Times, 17.01.2003. C. 7. 

226 Km M. fleMOKpaTHnecKHH B3pwB // flejiOBaa Heiiejifl, 25.01.2002. C. 1-2; 
KapxayxoeA. fleMoicpaTMn poxmaeTca noa icynonoM unpica? // MocKOBCKHe hoboctm, 
29.01.2002. 

227TaM*e. _ „ 

228 Cm.: EpxMoea JJ. flBHxeHHe b CTopoHy // JleHHHCKaa CMena - ^Kcnpecc *., 

14.02.2002. CI. .. ,. 

2» BpeaHTeJTH Hana^H Ha noais/Bpara Hapojia rojiOBy noflHajiH // RapaBaH, 

24.04.2002. C. 4-5. 

2J0 y HeH bK KasaxcTaHCKoro ryMaHHTapHO-ropHflnsecKoro yHHBepcwTeTa Bbicry- 
nnjin n&xs c uejibiM HaynHbiM saiuiiOHeHHeM, b koto P om roBopvwocb, hto men bu- 
6opHOCTH aKHMOB HocsraeT Ha KOHCTHTyunoHHbie npeporaxHBbi npesmeHTa h hto 
« fl eMOKpaTHH - He caMOuejib, a nocToaHHbiH Bceo6^eMJiK)mnH comnanbHbiH npo- 

266 



nocTcoBeTCKHii nojiHTHHecKHii pewHM Ka3axcTaHa 



uecc, KOTopwfi HMeer cboh 3aKOHw.n npaBHJia*. - He ctoht Bepmb ncenfloneMOKpa- 
TaM // Ka3axcrraHCKaa ripaBfla, 5.02.2002. C. f-4. 

231 TaK, nponpe3MiieKTCKHe napTHH opraHH3yioT mhthhf b AjiMara nojuio3yHra- 
mh «He amhm me^bMOBaTt npe3HjieHTa!» m «Ka3axciaH - eziHH h HeaejiHM Ha or- 
nsnbHut KHflxecTisa atCHMOB*. - Kto pacKaHHBaer jionKy? // KasaxcraHCKaa npaima, 

252 HeKOTopwe aprynjeHTbi no CBoefi «Kypbe3HOCTro i&CRymmoT ynoMHHaHHa. 
TaK, JiwrepM KasaicoB npoBoaaT npecc-KOH<J>epeHiimo nponiB HBK, me roBopar, mto 
b Pocchh HHeHHO Bbi6opHOCTb skhmob npHBejia k boKhc b Henae (llaHopaMa, 
25.01.2002. C.4).^enjTaT MTpouihhhh fobopht: «Hmchho nam Bceo6mefi Bbi6op- 

HOCTH, a 3HaHHT - KOJUieKTHBHOH 6e30TBeTCTBeHHOCTH H CTa^a, nOXa^yfi, OflHOH H3 

rjiaBHbix npHHHH pa3Nuia HeKoraa Moryqero h He3w6jieMoro CCCP» (TpoutmuH hi. 
OSoftfleMCfl 6e3 MHTHHroBuiHHbi // Ka3axcTaHCKM ripaaia, 29.01. 2002. C. 1-3). 

233 XapaKrepHbi cawM HasBaHHa sthx cTaiefl: «9B<MtouHOHHbiH aepxmc mar* h 
«ToponHCb, He cneiua*. - Cm.: Admioe M. r H neT c ranoaM, a imctjit c xboctb // 
Assandi-Times, 14.02. 2003. C. 1-5. 

234 Ha 3 ap6aee H. fleMOKparaa - He Ha6op aaHHbix EoroM 3anoBeaefi // He33BH- 
cnMajira3CTa, 28.12. 2001. 

23 > Haiapdaee H. 06 ochobhhx HanpaajieHHsx BHyrpeHHea h BHeuiHeK nojiHTH- 
kh Ha 2003 rofl// Ka3axcTaHCKaa ripaBaa, 30.04. 2002. C.l-2. 

234 Hcaapfaee H. Haiua KoHCTHiyuHn - 3to oco3HaHHbiH bm6op Hapoaa Ka3ax- 
CTaHa // Ka3axcTaHCKaH FtpaBfla, 30.08.2002. C. 1-2. 

237 Haiap6aee H. Bjiadb Scuibiue He ojwHOKaa // BpeMn MH, 19.12. 2002. C. 6. 

238 Mosi uejib - nocrpoHTb HopMa^bHoe aeMOKpaTHnecKoe oSmecTBo. (Eeceaa 
H.A. Ha3ap6aeBa c pyKOBOHMTOHiMH CMH) // Ka3axCTaHCKaa ripaBaa, 7. 02. 2002. 

23 » Ho3ap6aes H. npHcjiywHBaTbca k nyjibcy nepeiweH, hccth jikmwm npaany // 
Ka3axcTaHCKaa npas.ua, 13.03. 2002. C.l-2. 

240 Ha3ap6aee H. Hwero He BnpaBe oTMeHHTb fleMOKpamio // Ka3axcraHCicaa 
npaB.ua, 26.01. 2002. C. 1. 

241 Cm.: ASwioe E. HeM xyace Bapm rcuioBa - TeM Jimuie b Heft Kama // BoeMa 
27.06.2002. C. 12-13. ' 

242 nepeperacrpauHio npomjiH 7 napraK: «Ak xtxn», TpaacaaHCKaa napwa, 
«OTaH», ArpapHaa, KoMMyHHcranecKaa, nap™a naTpwoTOB (I\ KacbiMOBa) m Com- 
a^-iieMOKpaTmecKaH napTMa «Aybur». - Cm.: flejioBaa Heaejia, 18.04 2003. C. 2. 

243 XpoHHKa rTHKHpyiomefi AeMOKpaTHH // KapaBaH, 5.04.2002. C. 2-3. 
244 TaK, pe3KO BbiciynaBuiHfi npoTHB npe3HaeHia jienyTax pa3orHaHHoro b 1994 r 

napjiaMeHTa B. HepHbimeB b 1995 r. oneHb xecTOKO H36HBMca HeH3BecTHbi M n ABax- 
W. H36HB;uiacb Hen3BecTHbiMH h ^mep pyccKOH opra'HH3aunn «jlaji» A. floKynae- 
sa. - Cm.: Ko3/ioe C, KoHcmaHmmoea H. npcmcuiacaiOTca penpeccHH hpotmb aKTHBH- 
ctob onno3HUHH // He3aBHCHMaa ra3era, 3,11.1995. C. 3. 

245 Bee, KpoMe rojihthkh // JleHHHCKan CMena - Biccnpecc K, 24.05.2002. C. 5. 

246 Cm.: SauceumoeaJl. Kto ecTb «rpeTba CHJia»? // Assandi-Times, 12.12. 2002 
C. 4. 

247 FlaHopaMa, 30.08.2002. C.5. 

2 « Assandi-Times, 8.1 1. 2002. C 1. 

267 



JImhtpmm (P ypMaH 

»» npaMoft nyn. - He Bceraa caMbifl kopotkhK. ( HwrepBbio E. EpTbicSaeBa) // 
BpeMH, 8.08.2002. C.12-13. 

250 3a K OH o 6o P b6e c Koppymwe* aeficTByer // JleHHHCKas CMena - Syccnpecc K, 

23.08.2002. C. 3-4. 

251 XaKMBHOB B HOCJieflHeM CJlOBe CK83M: «G9fl»M MeHfl XOTST JIMlUHTb CBO60- 

au Ho h poflHJic*, XHBy h, Koraa npweT BpeMH, 6yay yMHpatb cboJmhhm McnoBe- 
kom». - Tanaee K. TeopeMa )KaKHflHOBa // Assandi-Times, 16.04. 2004. CI, b-l. 

351 0OM€HKO 10. XOiiaTaftCTBO O nOMHJIOBaHHH OTJIOXeHO // IGmxcTaHCKaa 

npaEwa, 27.09. 2003. CI. 

253 Cm.: flOBbi6o P bi - puBewa 6ocm... A. Xa H a6aeB. noSeaHJi aaMHHHcrpaTHB- 
HbiHpecypc//Assandi-Times, 10.01.2003. 

2M Cm.: Uaenoe K. iKaicHflHOB chaht sa Hauiy h Bauiy cBo6oay! // Assandi- L imes, 

16.04.2004. C. 4. „ ■ /, u „ 

as Ctwiwwe C. npeaBbi6opHbie noaapKH jura KasaxciaHCKOH onnosnuHH // He- 

3aBHcHMaa ra3eTa, 18.08.2004. C. 5. 

256 3ro noHeMy-TO crpaiiiHO B03MymaeT E.Eprac6aeBa, Koropbifi nocxoaHHO bh- 
parcaer cBoe B03MymeHHe b nenam - Cm.: EpmteSaee E. Eme pas o fl eMOKparan // 
KaaaxcraHCKaa npasaa, 20.11.2003. C.2; Ak xoji - 3T0 ennHCTBeHHaa nap™*, koto- 
paa chaht Ha iroyx ciyjMX // Assandi-Timcs, 4.06.2004. C. 3. 

2" CapceHfo&yjtbi A. OncasaTbcn ot npauioxeroifl Sbuio 6u rjiyno // Assandi- 
Times, 16.07.2004. C. 4. 

25! CefiHac b KnK boshhk pacxcui, HecoMHCHHO, hmcsoiuhh BHyTpeHHHe npn«m- 
hh - cows c 5ypxya3HOH onno3Huneti we mof He Bbi3Baib npoTecta, ho, raKxe He- 
coMHeHHO, cnpoBOUnpoBaHHbift MacTSMH. O pacKo^e b KnK cm .: Aduaoe M Bohch 
HAHaaueB, W n P HHoc«WH* // Assandi -Times, 16.01.2004. C. 2; C*>«*»c™ 
A6aHJibiiHH BbiflBHHyr b npeawBHTH. (HHtepBbio nepBoro ceKperapa UK KnK Ba- 
CHJ.HJ. UlaMHHa) // Assandi-Times, 16.04.2004. C. 1 ; Kameeea X. 06HOB»e H im hjih 
pacKo^bHHKH? // Assandi-Times, 30.04.2004. C. 4. 

259 Othkuu. He oToaaecTB^sifl e^bUHHCKO-nyrHHCKHH h Ha 3 ap6aeBCKnn peawMbi 

C <baUIHCTCKHMH, Mbl MOXCM CKESaib, HTO JlOPHKa T3KHX COK)30B - Ta *6, HTO H P a3- 

Hbix aHTHcpauiHCTCKHX $pohtob b E B pone, Kyaa moi-jih BXOflHTb Bee b ^HanaaoHe or 
MOHapxncTOB flo KOMMyHHCTOB, h6o Bee paaHoraacM aeBajibBHpoBaJiHCb nepea jih- 

UOM CHCTeMbl, B KOTOpOVi HHKOMy, K P OMe OflHOfi nOJlHTH4eCK0H CHJIbl, MeCTO HCT. 

260 AftbxaHoe M. nojiHTHMecKaa «6oM6a» 3aMaH6eua HypKaniuioBa // Assandi- 
Times 12.03.2004. C. 1; fl npocra xony, HTo6bi Ha3ap6aeB ksbhhwicsi nepea Hapo- 
aom. (HHTepBb»3. Hy P KaaMOBa)//Assandi-Times, 14.03.2004. C. 1, 3. 

26i 7™^ C. B KasaxcTaHe xw flHrnTypw // HesaBHCHMaa raaera, 22.03.20U4. 

C 11 

262 a npepbiBato o6eT MOJiiaHHfl. (3aJiBJieH H e 3. HypKaamioBa) // Assandi-Times, 

l607 ^Ac 4 ap C - 3 3HaH H T BMecxe // Ka^axcTaHCKaa Hpasaa, 29.10.2003. C 2. HeKoro- 
ptiii ;m6epaj]bHbM ottchok b noswuHH flapn™ moxho ycMOipeTb b tom, hto H a bo- 
npoc 06 OTHomeHHH k onno3H U HH o H a OTBCTWia, hto othochtch k H eK oneHb xopo- 
uio h6o onnojviuHa - aro cuoRapu neca». flapHra BOB^emia b «Acap» Mypara Ay- 
asosa, saHHMaBUjero no noaieaHero BpeMeHH ^H6epajibHO-onno3HUHOHHyw no3H- 

268 



nocTCOBeTCKHfi nojiHTHHecKHM pewMM Ka3axCTaHa 



UHK). - Cm.: Ay33oe M. OfloneTbceMb xpe&roB. (HHTepBbio) // Ka3axcraHCKaa llpaB- 
aa, 25.10.2003. C\-i. 

264 Cm.: Adwioe M. B ceMbe He 6e3 «Acapa»? // Assandi -Times, 3 1 . 10.2003. C. 1. 

265 CjaapiyAoe K. MHororrapiKfiHOCTb no-Ka3axcTaHCKH //Assandi-Times 
19.03.2003. C. 2. 

266 O tom, <jto npoHcxoflHT b Heapax «CeMbH», aaei npcacTaBJieHHe Taicaa flocTa- 
toiho rpn3Haji HCTopHH. Ha caftTe «compromat. ru» nosiBWiHCbjiBe craTbH. B nepeoft 
coo6maeTcn, hto Ha3ap6aeB HMeeT BTopyio raHHyro ceMbio. flpn 3tom paccica3biBa- 
K)Tca noapoSHOCTH, roBopauiHe, mto aBTop wjih 3aKa3MHK craibH OKCHb xopouio oc- 
BeaoMMH h hto, cKopee Bcero, era™ HMeeT «BHyrpHCeMeftHoe» npoHCxojKAeHHe. 
B apyrofi CTaTbe sto nojjTBepjKnajiocb, ho OflHOBpeMeHHO roBopmiocb, tto hctovhh- 
kom nepBOfl HBJiaioTCfl aceHa Ha3ap6aeBa Capa h flapHra. Hoinep ra3eTbi Assandi- 
Times, b KoropoM coo6manocb 06 stoh nH<popMauwi, cKynajica <oiioabMn b uiTax- 
ckom» h 3aTeM yHHTroxcancji. - Cm.: Adujioe M. Bee MoryT kopojihL A npe3H/reHTbi? 
//Assandi-Times, 12.12.2003. C. 1. 

267 Cm. oScyxaaiomHe pa3Hbie BapwaHTbi npeeMCTBeHHOcra CTaTbH: Admoe M. 
Kyaa yxoflHT npe3HaeHTU // AssandiTTimes, 17.01 .2003. C. 3; MycamaeeM- Aicejia eme 
He npoMaxHyjicn //Assandi-Times, 7.02.2003. C. I. 

268 Ka3axcraHCKHH jnypHanHCT roBOpHT, mto ana HeKOTopux BJiacTHtix dwryp 
«PaxaT AnweB 6ojiee onacen, «m bcs onno3HUHa, BMecre B3srraa». - KenoKeee H. Ha 
OraH noflayr BceM mhpom //Assandi-Times, 20.02.2004. C. 1. 

26 ' npe3HjeHTCKafl rBapjiHa yMHpaeT, ho hc caaeTca. (BbmepatKH va HHTepBbio 
E. EpTbic6aeBa Ha came «HaBHraiop») // Assandi-Times, 30.04.2004. C. 1. 

270 Cm.: Ko3jiqb C. npeMbep-MHHHCTp ctm MHuieHbio // He3aBHCKMaa ra3eTa, 
1 1.06. 1999. C. 5; Oh vce, flpaBHTejibCTBO yuepxajrocb y BJiacTH // He3aBHCHMaa ra3e- 
T a, 25.06.1999. C. 5. 

271 TaK oxapaKTepn30Baji 3tot H36paHHbw b 1999 r. napjiaMem acypHa^HCT «H3- 
BecTHfi* : «BjiacTH... xoTejiw noJiyiHTb «6ecnpo6jieMHbiH» napjiaMem- - h ohh ero no- 
jiyHH/iH. flpaBHTejibCTBy He h^o SyjieT JioMaTb rojioBy, KaK y6eflHTb HapoAHbix H3- 
SpaHHHKOB nporo^ocoBaTb 3a tot hjih hhoh 3aKOHOnpoeKT, 3a 6ioA>KeT, 3a nonpaBKH 
k KoHCTHTyunM». - Tymee A. Cboh jiiohh b MascHJwce // H3BecTra, 9. 1 1 . 1 299. C. 4. 

272 Cm.: BjiacTb h onno3HUH(i: aHajiH3 h nporH03bi. (iJoKJiaa cjiy»:6bi nojuramec- 
Koro aHajiH3a U,eHTpajibHO-A3HaTcicoro aremcTBa noJiMTmecKHX Hcc^eaoBaHHvi 
APR) // 3K0H0MHKa. <t»HHaHCbi. Pwhkh. HejiOBoe o6o3peHne pecny6jiHKH 
26.07.2002. C. 4. 

™ Hobum npeMbepoM cteui JX, Axmctob. Mh He MoxeM yuepsarbca h He npouH- 
THpoBaTb ero OTBex Ha Bonpoc koto-to H3flenyraTOB Maacminca, KaK oh 6yaeT otho- 
CHTbca k HHaKOMbKxnnmHM: «Mu cTpoHM npaBOBoe rocyaapcTBO, h KaambiH HenoBeK 
HMeer CBo6oay cjiOBa, cBo6ofly mhc^h h CBo6oxiy cbohx npaB. rio3TOMy a npocro oc- 
Taiocb y6exaeHHHM ctopohhhkom Tore, kto mh aojixHbi pafioraTb b paMKax u b no- 
jie CBoero npaBOBoro rocyaapcTBa, y nac He aojdicho 6biTb HHaKOMbiciauiHX, mu 

flOJDKHbl CTpOKTb KOHCTpyKTHBHblfl flHaJlOr, H TOJlbKO B aTMOC(pepe B3aHMOnOHHMa- 

H«a, KOHCTpyKTHBHbix pemeHHfi, b ayxe Toro, <ito mh ctpohm eflHHoe rocyaapCTBO, B 
ayxe Toro, hto rocy^apcTBO Ka3axcTaH aouiacHo 6brrb SoraruM, h jluji 3roro ecrb npo- 
rpaMMa npe3imeHTa, a mm aojischu 3aHHMaTbcsi ee peajiH3auneH, Haxoaa h noHHMatf 
iipyriipyra*. - HoBaa Meraa: nepewe HcnbiTaHna // KapaBaH, 20.06.2003. C. 5. 

269 



flMMTpHH l)>ypMaH ___ 

w* tom, <rro H. TacMaraM6eTOB othkwu, He norepaji jwBepiria npe3naeHTa, ro- 
bopht ero nocjieayiouAee H a3HaneHHe rjiasoH npeaHaeHTCKoti aaMHHHCTpauHM. 
2" TyxKfati X. OnbiT B03MyxaHHH // Ka3axciaHCKaa npawia, 2.12.2003. C.2-J. 

276 Onpoc 1998 r. noKa3aji, hto 28% Ka3axcraHueB chhtbiot, hto Poccha - 6oJiee 
aeMOKpaTH^ecKaa CTpaHa, hcm KasaxcxaH, h tojiuco 6% - hto Menee fl eMo K paTHHec- 
Kaa. - tlonoe Ft., Py6t<oeA. CKaxn MHe, KTOTBOftcocea, h a CK a>KyTe6e, ktoth... // 
HrCoflpyacecTBO, N?5. C. 3 (He3aBncnMaa ra3eTa, 27.05.1998). 

277 Taukuh M. npe3HfleHTCKHii MapaitoH CHOBa HasaJicfl b crenH // He3aBncHMaa 
meTa 12.01.2004. C. 1. 

■ 278 Epmbic6aeeE. Tlopa MeHaTb bck> cwcreMy // BpeMn, 1 8.04.2002. C.12-1 3. 

279 B nocieflHee BpeMfl b Pocchh Tao;e nana nponajwrrbca noao6Hafl TeHAemws, 
ho b 3Ha<4HTeJibHO 6oJiee aiaoofi (popMe h 3bho CBa3aHHaa c TeM, hto o6e - h npaBaa, 
h jieBaa - onno3nunH Haxoiwrcs «npn nocjieaHeM H3HbixaHHH». 

2m Ayxsoe M. OaojieBaa ceMb xpeoroB // Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaBaa, 25.10.2UUJ. 

C. 1-4. 

23i BaxHa He crajibKO peajibHaa nojinTHHectcaa cHcreMa cpenHeBeKOBba, ckojimco 
ee o6pa3, to, KaK ohb BocnpHHHMaeTca coBpeMenHbiM co3HaHneM. B Ka3axciaHe Ka- 
xerejibflHH MO*eT cKasan,, hto KaaaxH - MMOKpanwecKHfl Hapoa: «Y «ac xaHOB Bce- 
raa bu6hp£uih». (Kaycezejibdun A. Onno3nuna cpejmeBeKOBbio. JIohaoh; MocKBa, 
2001 C. 165). B Pocchh raKaa $pa3a HeB03MO>KHa. 

282 Cm.: Tanaee K. HypcyjiTaH Ha3ap6aeB Ha uapCTBe // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 

3.02.2004. C. 5. , 

2!3 H cTopoHHHKH, h npoTHBHHKH EjibUHHa h Ha3ap6aeBa ecrecTBeHHUM oopa- 
3om cioioHHbipoMaHTH3npoBaTb nx<pHrypbi, npHnHCbmas hm KaKHe-TOOCo6bre Kane- 
CTBa hto KaK-TO noflHHMaeT h hx caMHX b hx co6cTBeHHHX h mpchx nuuax. Ha Ham 
Bsrjiflii, HHMero «oco6eHHoro» b hhx Hex. He MoxeT 6uTb HHKaKHX coMHeHHH, hto 
EjibUHH - HejioBeK npcuejibHoft «HHTejuieKTyanbHoft npocrora», tobophbuimh, hto 
eMy npHXOAHJTO b rojiOBy, h BepHBUiHtt b to, mto roBopm. HasapSaeB - SHanmejibHO 
TOHbiiie, XHTpee, «KOBapHee» h Bbiuie mneroieKryMbHO. Ho Bee ero xhtpocth, mho- 
roiH&neHHbie npHMepu KOTopbix mw BHflejiH, - He cjihwkom cjiojkhw h HHoraa naxe 
« H aHBHbi». Ohh mohih o6MaHyTbTOflbK0 Tex, KOMy HHnero hhofo He ocTaBajtocb, KaK 

o6MaHt>iBaTbca. 

2M B Ka3axcTaHCK0ti o<J>HUHajibHoii mhcpojiofmh <pnrypnpyeT Heraa pyccKaa cTa- 
pyuiKa KOTopaa Ha BCTpene npe3HJieHTa c HapoaoM CKasana eMy: «HaTe6e kpobh HeT, 
cuhokI {Xamuofime E. Mh 3a npe3HfleHTa, cosaarouiero 6yoyiiiee // KasaxcraHCican 
npaBfla, 8.01. 199. C. 3). GrapyiuKa, aaace ewm OHa - «MH(pojiorHHecKaa», b uejioM 

npaBa FIOCajlHTb B TlOpbMbl HeCKOJlbKHX npOTHBHMKOB, pa3TOHaTb, HO 6e3 y6HHCTB, 

napJiaMembi, HapyuuaTb bcc KOHCTHTyuHH, Koropue oh KJisuica co6jnoflaTb, h nojib- 
soBatbca ycjiyraMH rwtJxpeHa, - aro Bee ace He 6o HH a 1993 r. h He HeneHCKHe bohhw. 
235 Cm.: Komoe C. Hobwh BepxoBHbifi CoiseT co6panca Ha nepByro ceccHK) // He- 
3aBHCHMaa ra3CTa, 2 1 .04. 1 994. C. 3. 

286 BwpHCOBbiBaerca HOBbifl TpeyroJibHHK: PoccHa, BejiopyccHa, Ka3axcTaH. 
(HHTepBbio H.Ha3ap6aeBa) // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eTa, 15.1 1 . 1995. C. 3. 

287 Cm.: Kapa-Myp3a B. Ka3axcKaa onno3nuna noxajiOBajiacb6pnTaHCKOMy nap- 
jiaMeHTy // KoMMepcaHT, 12.05.2003. C. 1 1. 

a» OAKomm Mapma Bpiwi. KasaxcTaH. HenpoftaeHHbiH nyrb. MocxBa; BauiHHr- 

270 



nocTcosetcKMM iKwiHTwecKHif pewviM Ka3axcTaHa 



toh, 2003. C.23. KHiira M. Ojikott Ha-wHaerca cnoBaMH HHrepuftcKoro nncaTejiti 
H. Ane6e, Koropuii nHiueT, hto era poanHa - npeKpacHaa CTpana, b kotopoH ecTb 
Bee, h «b xapaicrepe HHrepMftueB HeT HHKaKoro H3T>flHa», a «6eaa HwrepHH 3aKJiKm- 
CTca tojiwco b HecocrojiTejibHOCTH ee pyxoBOflCTBa*. M. Ojikott CfHTaeT, >ito 3TO bh- 
cKa3UBaHvie nojiHocTbio npHMemiMO k Ka3axcraHy. Bpsm jih ctoht noJieMH3HpoBaTb 
c 3toK roHKofl 3peHHfl, ecrecTBeHHofi jura HHrepHiicKoro nncaTejia, ho BbosmaiueH 
yflHBHTejibHofi HanBHOCTbio b KHHre aMepHKaHCKoro aBTOpa. Run Pocchh nojroSHaa 
jioniKa («nc(eMy y nac, TaKoro Tajiam-jiMBoro h BejiHKoro Hapojia, Bee TaK njioxo?*) 
Tafotce oqeHb xapaicrepHa. R no;mocTbio corjiaceH c kphtokoh 3-toh tohkh 3pemia, 
npeacTaBJieHHofl b CTaTbe: Pymp Eopuc. BBejieHHe. Uem-pajibHaa tona h IOxhwh 
KaBKa3. HacymHbie npo6JieMbi / X\or pea. Bopnca PyMepa. AjiinaTM, 2003. 

w Ha3ap6aeeji. BbipHCOBbiBaerai hobhh ipeyrojitHMK: Poccra, 5ejiopyccna, 
Ka3axcxaH. (HnrepBuo) // He3aBHCHMaa ra3eia, 15.1 1.1995. C. 3. 

290 nOCTCOBCTCKHe pejKHMbl, HeCOMHeHHO, 6.1H3KH K nOAOCHblM pexiwaM BO 

MHorax crpaHax «TpeTbero MHpa», rae aBropHTapHaa BJiacTb npe3n,neHTOB Taioce b ra- 
KOft-TO Mepe KaMy<J)jiHpyeTCfl aeMOKpara-jecKHM (pacaaoM m rae BJiacTb raiace nepe- 
jmctcji (paKraqecKH no HacjiejjcTBy (nacre npocTo or orua k cbwy, KaK b Cup™, b Fa- 
hth npH fliOBajibe, b HMKaparya ripn Conioce). /Jjia roro wo6br Jiynme ncman, cyjib- 
6y nocTCOBCTCKHx pexMMOB h B03MoacHOCTn MnpHoro h «nnaBHoro» nepexoaa ot hhx 
k jieMOKpaTHH, HyxHb! cjioMCHue cpaBHHTejitHbte HcoieaoBaHHa. 



OB ABTOPAX 



ApaaeB BjianwHHp, xypHanHd, b 1987—1998 rr. KoppecnoHaeHT nmeTbi 
«H3Becra3» b Ka3axcTaHe, MocKBa. 

EeKrypraHOBa BaacwTataiwaji, flOKTOp <pmioco<pCKHX HayK, npe3HaeHT 
AccouwauHH coiwojioroB h nojiHTOJiorOB Ka3axcT3Ha, AjiMa™, KaaaxcTaH. 

BopncoBa ExaTepHHa, KamimaT HCTOpmecKHX HayK, HaynHbifi; coTpya- 
hhk MHCTHTyra BOCTOKOBeaeHHfl PAH, MocKBa. 

floKyaeBa Ajiexcaimpa BmcropOBHa, KaHHHflat (pH3MKo-MaTeMaTHHec- 
khx HayK, aenyraT BepxoBHoro CoBeia Ka3axcKOH CCP XI co3biBa, owa H3 
ocHOBaTejiefi h npeace^aTejiefi (1994—1995 rr.) Pecny6jiHKaHCKoro HBHxe- 
hhsj «Jlan» b Ka3axcTaHe, b HacToawee Bpeina 3aBeayiomas OTflejioM flHacno- 
pbi h MHipauHH HHCTHTyTa flHacnopbi h HHTerpauHH (MHCTHTyra CTpaH 
CHO, MocKBa. 

3CyK0B CraaHCJiaB, KauanaaT skohomhhcckhx HayK, cTapmHH nayMHbiH 

COTpyUHHK HHCTHTyTa MHpOBOH 3K0H0MHKH H MeXHyHapOflHMX OTHOUieHHM 

PAH, MocKBa. 

Kocan rptiropHH, hoktop HCTopHHecKHx HayK, npcxpeccop, Mhcthtyt 

CTpaH A3HH H AcjjpKKH, MoCKBa. 

KypTOB Ajitaap, npe3HaeHT MocKOBCKoro ueHTpa ny6jiHHHoro npaBa, 
MocKBa, 

JlH6MaH AjieKcannp, HayiHMH coTpyflHHK MHCTHTyra MOKayHapoiiHbix 

3K0H0MHHeCKHX H nOJIHTHHeCKHX HCCJieilOBaHHH, MocKBa. 

Ona Hauyno, Hay^HbiK coTpy^HHK MHCTHTyra pa3BHBaK>mHXCH skoho- 

MHK, TOKHO, HnOHHH. 

IlbflHHOJia Hhkkojio, flOKTopam- YHHBepcHTeTa Cyop Opcojia EeHHHKa- 

3a, HeanoJib, HTajiHa. 

Cbohk nerp, jiHpeKTOp yqpejKfleHHjj «£eMOKpa™HecKaa 3Kcnepra3a. 
AHa^HTHHecKaa oiyac6a rietpa CBOHKa», AjiMaxbi, Ka3axcTan. 

OypiwaH ^mhtphh, iioKTOp HCTopmecKHX HayK, npo<J>eccop, rjiaBHbiw 
Hay^Hbifi coTpyflHHK MHCTHTyra EBponu PAH, MocKBa. 

Ulau 3flBapa, jioueHT KJupempw nojiHTHiecKHx HayK YHHBepcHTeTa lOx- 
Horo MjiJiMHOHca, CUIA. 

515 



COAEPWAHME 



JlMumpuu 0ypMaH. 

CxoacTBa h otjihihh Ka3axcTaHa h Pocchh. 

(BBeaeHHe) — 



Fpueopuu Kocan. 

Ka3axcKHH «o6pa30BaHHbiH ioiacc» b Pocchhckoh HMnepHH 12 

Hukkoao nwmojia. 

Ka3axcKHe nacTyxw Meaqiy KOJiJieKTHBH3ajiHefi h roJiojiOM. 

1928-1934 .........:..... 79 

ddeapdUIau,. tia 
Pojii> rocyxtapcTBa b ycTOHHHBoc™ poaoBbix cbh3ch b Ka3axcraHe 114 

RnaduMup Apdaee. 

KaineHb na pacnyrbe ( aeica6pbCKHe co6biTHa 1986 r. b AjiMa-Aie) — 133 

flMitmpuu 0ypMan. 

nocTCOBCTCKHH noJinnmeCKHH pexHM Ka3axcTaHa . . . . — ........ 178 

AMdap Kypmoe. 

Pa3BHTHe KOHCTHTyuHOHanH3Ma b Ka3axcTaHe , 2/z 

BcabtmxaMajiEeKmypaaHoea^MMumpuufypMOH. 

MaccoBoe co3HaHHe h pejiwraa b Ka3axcraHe h Pocchh 355 

AneKccmdpa JHonyvaeea. 

PyccKMH (JjaKTop b nojMTmecKOH XH3HH Ka3axc?aHa 368 

HauyKdOtta. 

fOCyAapCTBO — 3THHHeCKOe MeHbUIHHCTBO — 

poflHHa 3Toro MeHbiiiHHCTBa (PyccKHe, yftrypw h KOpenubi . 

b nocTCOBCTCKOM Ka3axcTaHe h k CBoefi poflHHe) 389 

Ilemp Ceom, Mencandp JIu6moh. 

SKOHOMHKa Ka3axcraHa: flocTHxeHHfl, nepcneKTHBbi, npoSjieMH 

(b cpaBHeHHH c Poccnefl) 406 

MeKcandp JIu6m<ih. 

B3aHMCweficTBne rocyaapcTBa c HauHOHajibHbiMH. h HHOcrpaHHbiMH 

KopnopauHHMH b Pocchh h b Ka3axcxaHe 451 

Cmmuaiae jKyKoe. 

SKOHOMHHecKHH onbiT Ka3axcTaHa: ypoKH una Pocchh 471 

EKamepma Eopucoea. 

TpaHCHauHOHajibHbie KopnopauHH b Ka3axciaHe 499 



v>